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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Who needs more psychosocial oriented rehabilitation -- women after breast cancer or women after genital cancer? -- A sociopsychological study of 308 women (author's transl)].

A standardised questionnaire and personality test were used to study whether women after breast cancer treatment, or women treated for genital cancer need psychosocial counselling more frequently. The interview was given to 308 women during the author's tumor after-care consultations. 1. Repercussion on their marital lives were reported three times more often by women treated for genital cancer than by women after mastectomy (p less than 0.01). There was not significant difference with regard to their family status. 2. As epidemiologically expected -- mastectomy patients had born less children than women treated for genital cancer (p less than 0.05). 3. A reduced self-confidence was reported more often by patients treated for breast cancer than by the other patient group (p less than 0.01). 4. No decrease in working performance was observed by 50% of the women treated for genital cancers as against one third of the masectomy patients. 5. Work resumption was reported more often to be strenuous for masectomy patients than for women treated for genital cancer (p less than 0.05). 6. Woman after mastectomy experiences 50% less sexual repercussions than genital cancer patients (p less than 0.05).

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Serum iron and transferrin saturation in women with special reference to women with low transferrin saturation. The population study of women in Göteborg 1968-1969.

Serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined in a population sample of 1462 women in age strata between 38 and 60. Serum iron and TIBC values were similar in the various ages studied but with a slight trend towards higher serum iron and lower TIBC values in the upper ages. Transferrin saturation was used to divide the material arbitarily into women with and without iron deficiency. The dividing point chosen was 16%. The women thus defined as iron deficient had lower mean haemoglobin values than women in the total population sample and were more often anaemic. They had also lower MCV, MCH and MCHC indices than women in the total population sample. Of these indices, MCH seemed to discriminate the state of iron deficiency better than MCV and MCHC. Except for an increased mean menstrual blood loss no obvious cause of iron deficiency could be found in these women with low transferrin saturation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Chromosome breakage studies in lymphocytes from normal women, pregnant women, and women taking oral contraceptives.

Cytogenetic studies of 977 lymphocyte cultures from ten normal men and 54 normal women have shown: (1) variations in the frequencies of chromosome breakages among consecutive cultures from the same person and among cultures from different people, indicating that many extraneous factors may affect lymphocyte chromosomes, and (2) significantly higher average breakages in cultures from nulligravidas taking oral contraceptives (OC) and in pregnant women who had had previous pregnancies than in nulligravidas who had never taken the pill. The increase in breakages in cultures from the OC users was not observed in all cultures and could not be correlated with length of time on pill or stage of the pill cycle, suggesting that synthetic hormones do not directly damage lymphocyte chromosomes. Since estrogens and progestogens are known to affect many metabolic and biochemical systems, it is possible that these substances may induce in OC users and pregnant women a slightly altered in vivo condition in which increased chromosome breakages may be expressed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1979

Characteristics of anaemic women. The population study of women in Göteborg 1968-1969.

Anaemic women (Hg concentration less than 120 g/l) who participated in a population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden were compared to the women in the population sample as a whole. Due to the way of sampling and a high participation rate the sample was representative of women in Göteborg in the ages studied (age strata between 38 and 60). In the same way the anaemic women were representative of anaemic women in the same general population. Iron deficiency was found to be the main reason for the anaemia in the ages of 38-50 years. Except for big menstrual blood losses in anaemic women no reason for iron deficiency could be found. History of infectious diseases was about as common in anaemic women as in women in the total population sample. Sleeping habits, time off work and physical activity at work and during leisure time were similar in anaemic women and in women in the general population. The proportion of women who reported subjective feeling of tiredness was also similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Psychological-sociological views on S 218 (study on 379 pregnant women and women in puerperium)].

Studies on the attitude towards the abortion law and abortion have practical significance if women in the reproductive age group are questioned. Pregnant women and women in childbed are especially adequate for this purpose. They may realize best the situation of a women who has to think over an abortion. Therefore we asked 379 pregnant women and women in childbed in our hospital. 70% of them could imagine a situation which would justify an abortion. Women with high school degree and average or above average intelligence were more frequent in this group. 38% expected a very severe stress by an abortion, 40% severe stress and 22% a rather moderate one. Most frequently women with high education level as well as more introverted women expected an emotional disturbance by such an operation. 62% of the questioned women favored a change of the abortion law, 38% did not. Again women with high school degree and above average intelligence wanted a change more often than those who had passed primary school and had an intelligence below average. Moreover age, wellbeing and experience of menarche had a relation to the attitude towards the abortion law. The results were statistically checked by the X2 -method.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of HIV among childbearing women and women having termination of pregnancy: multidisciplinary steering group study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women, in particular those whose behaviour or that of their partners put them at "low risk" of infection. DESIGN: Voluntary named or anonymous HIV testing of pregnant women during 21 months (November 1988 to July 1990). SUBJECTS AND SETTING: All women who planned to continue their pregnancy and attended clinics serving the antenatal populations of Edinburgh and Dundee. All women admitted for termination of pregnancy to gynaecology wards serving the pregnant populations of Dundee and outlying rural areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Period prevalence of HIV antibody positivity. RESULTS: 91% of antenatal clinic attenders and 97% of women having termination of pregnancy agreed to HIV testing on a named or anonymous basis. HIV period prevalences for antenatal clinic attenders and women having termination of pregnancy tested in Dundee were 0.13% and 0.85% respectively, and for antenatal clinic attenders tested in Edinburgh 0.26%. For those at "low risk" rates for antenatal clinic attenders and women having termination of pregnancy in Dundee were 0.11% and 0.13%, and for antenatal clinic attenders in Edinburgh 0.02%. In Dundee HIV prevalence among women having a termination of pregnancy (0.85%) was significantly greater than that among antenatal clinic attenders (0.13%). CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection is undoubtedly occurring among women at "low risk," and it is clear that a policy of selective testing of those at only "high risk" is inadequate for pregnant women living in areas of high prevalence such as Edinburgh and Dundee. Moreover, when studying pregnant populations in such areas there is the need to include those having a termination of pregnancy.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

A longitudinal analysis of premenopausal bone loss in healthy women and women with hyperprolactinemia.

In this report we describe longitudinal measurements of forearm and spinal bone mineral in healthy women and women with hyperprolactinemia. One hundred and ten women underwent yearly assessment of forearm and spinal bone mineral by single photon absorptiometry and computed tomography for an average of 4.7 yr. At entry into the study, women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea had 21% lower spinal bone mineral and 2.5% lower forearm bone mineral than healthy premenopausal women. Despite decreased estradiol levels (31 +/- 23 pmol/L), spinal bone in women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea did not change over time (+0.08%/yr; P = 0.89). In contrast, spinal bone in healthy women with regular menses (mean age, 34.6 +/- 6.6 yr) decreased significantly (1.7%/yr; P = 0.01). Cortical bone in the forearm did not change in either group. The hyperprolactinemic subjects had higher body mass index (28 +/- 6 vs. 24 +/- 4 kg/m2) and serum testosterone (0.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.16 pmol/L) than control subjects, but neither parameter correlated with bone loss. Although 64% of the hyperprolactinemic subjects had serum estradiol levels below 30 pmol/L, there was no correlation between estradiol or duration of amenorrhea and bone loss. Women with normal PRL levels and regular menses 3-9 yr after treatment of hyperprolactinemia had significantly lower spinal bone mineral (147 +/- 28 mg/mL) than healthy premenopausal women (169 +/- 29 mg/mL) and showed no change in spinal bone (+0.3%/yr; P = 0.67) over 5 yr. Despite significant hypoestrogenemia, women with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea did not evidence a rapid decline in spinal bone. Restoration of gonadal function was not associated with normalization of bone mineral. The bone loss that accompanies hyperprolactinemia is not comparable to that which occurs after oophorectomy or menopause. These findings raise important questions about the importance of osteopenia as an indication for treatment of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Impact of the participation of women in science: on rethinking the place of women especially in occupational health.

Recently, women have become scientists in increasing numbers. The present article uses a perspective drawn from the sociology of knowledge to examine the impact of this participation on science, especially the study of occupational health and safety. Five evolutionary stages are described: (1) Inclusion of women as scientific workers; (2) Inclusion of women as subjects of scientific research; (3) Inclusion of variables relevant to women, rather than merely applying to women the factors used to explain men's situations; (4) Using new methodologies to reveal the complexity and the specificity of women's life situations, in addition to those tools developed while studying male populations; (5) Questioning the values on which traditional science has been based, and orienting research according to feminist values. Examples from the study of women's occupational health illustrate these five stages. It is suggested that scientific research oriented toward the well-being of women workers will not only yield a better understanding of women's conditions but also lead to a rethinking of standard practices for research on men's conditions.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

Correlates of maintenance of a low-fat diet among women in the Women's Health Trial.

BACKGROUND: The Women's Health Trial (WHT) was a feasibility study for a randomized controlled trial designed to test the hypothesis that a reduction in dietary fat reduces breast cancer incidence among women age 45 to 69. Between 1984 and 1988, 2,064 women participated in its two phases. METHODS: A follow-up study of 525 women who were randomized to receive the WHT dietary intervention program was conducted to assess maintenance of the diet 1 year on average after the trial ended. Among 448 participants, the mean percentage of energy from fat as measured by a food frequency questionnaire was 40.0% at baseline, 26.3% at the end of the trial, and 27.7% at follow-up. Based on 408 women with complete data, a recursive model was estimated, describing the influence of baseline characteristics of the women on attendance at intervention program sessions, adherence to the diet during the trial, and long-term maintenance of the diet after the trial ended. The effects of women's experiences during the trial on adherence and long-term maintenance were investigated as well. RESULTS: Attendance at the educational sessions was strongly related to adherence to the diet during the trial (P less than 0.001), and adherence was the most important predictor of long-term maintenance (P less than 0.001). The percentage of energy from dietary fat at baseline was an important correlate of both adherence (P less than 0.001) and long-term maintenance (P less than 0.001). College-educated women were more likely to adhere to the diet during the trial (P less than 0.001). Feelings of deprivation adversely affected long-term maintenance (P less than 0.01), primarily through their effect on adherence during the trial (P = 0.01). Costliness of the diet in time and money negatively influenced long-term maintenance (P less than 0.05). Development of a distaste for fat encouraged adherence (P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The low-fat dietary pattern established during the WHT was maintained for as long as 20 months after the trial ended. A recursive model was useful in analyzing the process and correlates of long-term maintenance of dietary behavior change. Both predisposing variables and women's experiences while on a low-fat diet were associated with long-term maintenance. The results suggest that feelings of deprivation should be avoided, perhaps by use of low-fat substitutes, by those attempting to lower their dietary fat and that more research is needed on the development of a distaste for fat among individuals who adopt low-fat diets.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of the reproductive outcome between women with a unicornuate uterus and women with a didelphic uterus.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reproductive performance of women with a unicornuate uterus with the reproductive performance of women with a didelphic uterus. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Reproductive endocrinology service of a tertiary referral hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of pregnancies resulting in spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, term delivery, and living children was determined for each group. RESULTS: Twenty-nine women with a unicornuate uterus and 25 women with a didelphic uterus were identified. Twenty women with a unicornuate uterus produced a total of 40 pregnancies, whereas 13 women with a didelphic uterus produced a total of 28 pregnancies. The 33% spontaneous abortion rate in the unicornuate group was not significantly different from the 23% rate in the didelphic group. The proportion of pregnancies resulting in preterm delivery, term delivery, and living children was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The reproductive performance of women with a unicornuate uterus is similar to the performance of women with a didelphic uterus.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of predictors of treatment drop-out of women seeking drug and alcohol treatment in a specialist women's and two traditional mixed-sex treatment services.

The problem of high levels of client drop-out in drug and alcohol treatment is frequently reported in the literature. In the course of conducting an evaluation of a specialist women's treatment service, the inadequacy of the data on women-specific predictors of treatment drop-out was highlighted. Using a retrospective design, the characteristics of 160 women who left treatment less than 5 days after admission were compared to the 160 women who stayed longer than 5 days and were enrolled in the evaluation study. The findings of this study suggested that women who were employed, had a history of sexual assault (especially in adulthood), nominated alcohol as their drug of choice, were not married, older than 25 years of age and had demonstrated a sympathy with the agency's treatment philosophy were less likely to drop-out of treatment. In addition, for lesbian women, women with a history of sexual assault in childhood, and those with dependent children, attendance at a specialist women's service reduced the incidence of treatment drop-out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of postmenopausal women, female college athletes, and nonathletic college women.

This study evaluated the nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of four groups of women: 18 postmenopausal women, 14 college-aged dancers, 13 members of a college track team, and 14 nonathletic college women. Subjects completed a personal information questionnaire, a 24-hour food recall, a food frequency questionnaire, a nutrition knowledge test, and an attitude survey; measurements of the subjects' spinal bone density were also taken. The mean (+/- 0.5 standard error [SEM]) nutrition knowledge score of the dancers (22.5) was significantly lower than the mean scores of the postmenopausal women (28.5), the nonathletes (29.7), and the track team members (26.5). Dancers also reported eating fewer mean (+/- 4.0 SEM) servings of high-calcium foods per month (43) than did postmenopausal women (77), nonathletes (66), or track team members (73). Track team members had a significantly higher mean (+/- 0.2 SEM) anorexia/bulimia score (3.7) than did postmenopausal women (2.5), nonathletes (2.1), or dancers (2.2). There were no significant differences in bone mineral density among the four groups. The number of servings of high-calcium foods eaten was significantly correlated with nutrition knowledge scores (r = .38) and attitude scores (R = .32), but nutrition knowledge and attitude scores were not significantly correlated with each other. The track team members exercised significantly more than women in all other groups--mean (+/- 40 SEM) minutes exercise time was 700 minutes/week for track team members, 79 minutes/week for postmenopausal women, 92 minutes/week for nonathletes, and 500 minutes/week for dancers--and also experienced the most amenorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Women in the POSCH trial. Effects of aggressive cholesterol modification in women with coronary heart disease. The POSCH Group. Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias.

The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) provided the clearest and the most convincing evidence supporting the beneficial effects of cholesterol lowering in hypercholesterolemic survivors of a myocardial infarction. In POSCH, 78 of the 838 patients (9.3%) were women, with 32 randomized to the diet-control group and 46 to the diet plus partial ileal bypass surgery-intervention group. At 5 years, the mean per cent change from baseline was -23.9% for total plasma cholesterol (p < 0.0001), -36.1% for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.0001), and +8.5% for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = not significant). Because of the small number of women, no statistically significant changes in clinical event rates were observed between the control and the surgery groups. A comparison of 162 coronary arteriography film pairs in the POSCH women, between baseline and 3, 5, 7, and 10 years, consistently showed less disease progression in the surgery group (p = 0.013 for combined assessments of the baseline to the longest follow-up film). Because the lipid and coronary arteriography findings in the POSCH women paralleled these findings in the total POSCH population and in the POSCH men, and because the arteriography changes in POSCH have previously been demonstrated to be statistically significant surrogate end points for certain clinical events and predictors of overall and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease mortality rates, we conclude that the lipid modification achieved in the POSCH women by partial ileal bypass reduced their atherosclerosis progression. The POSCH findings in women support the aggressive treatment of hyperlipidemia in the general management of atherosclerosis in women.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of women seeking drug and alcohol treatment in a specialist women's and two traditional mixed-sex treatment services.

The paucity of research on the treatment needs of women with substance abuse problems has been a serious impediment to the development of empirically validated treatment programmes. Women continue to be seriously under-represented as research subjects and clients of treatment services. This study compares the characteristics of 80 women attending a specialist women's treatment service with those of eighty women attending two traditional mixed-sex treatment agencies. Women attending a gender-sensitive service were significantly more likely to have dependent children, to be lesbian, to have a maternal history for drug or alcohol problems and to have suffered sexual abuse in childhood. These results suggest that gender-sensitive treatment services may be recruiting women who might not otherwise have sought treatment for their substance dependence problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2025

Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence Against Politically Active Women: A Systematic Review of Psychological and Political Consequences and Women's Coping Behaviors.

Technology-facilitated gender-based violence presents critical challenges for politically active women, whose professional roles often expose them to elevated levels of online abuse with far-reaching impacts on their emotional well-being, professional engagement, and participation in public life. This systematic review synthesizes findings from 48 studies employing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research to examine the psychological and political consequences and coping mechanisms associated with online harassment. Eighty-one percent of the included studies (39/48) report psychological distress, anxiety, and fear among targeted women, with 31% of the studies (15/48) identifying online harassment as a trigger for (re-) traumatization. The political consequences are equally significant, with 62% of the studies (30/48) documenting modifications in political messaging, 39% (19/48) noting reduced engagement with online platforms, and 29% (14/48) showing that women abandon their online presence altogether. Additionally, 20% (10/48) of the studies report cases of women withdrawing from their political roles. In terms of coping strategies, 66% (32/48) report women blocking or muting harassers, while 37% (18/48) document women reporting abuse to authorities or platforms. This study highlights the pervasive impact of technology-facilitated violence on women's emotional well-being, and their political participation and underscores its broader implications for democratic discourse and social equity.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Women and HIV infection: a cohort study of 483 HIV-infected women in Bordeaux, France, 1985-1991. The Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine.

OBJECTIVES: To study the epidemiological trends, clinical patterns, evolution and prognosis of HIV infection in women. DESIGN: Cohort study of 1816 HIV-infected patients. RESULTS: Up to 1 January 1991, 483 (26.6%) of the patients reported to the Groupe d'Epidemiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine surveillance system were women. The male-to-female ratio has decreased progressively (3.4:1 in 1985; 2.7:1 in 1990) over time. Fifty per cent of HIV-infected women are or have been intravenous drug users (IVDU). The proportion of heterosexually acquired HIV infection increased from 11.6 to 34.6% over the last 5 years; 46.9% of the women infected through heterosexual intercourse reported sexual contacts with male IVDU. Excluding Kaposi's sarcoma, no significant difference was observed between men and women in the overall distribution of AIDS-defining events. The observed trend of a slower progression to AIDS in women, compared with men, disappeared when controlling for prognostic variables. However, female sex significantly enhanced survival after AIDS diagnosis in multivariate analysis (relative risk, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-6.2). CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis of HIV infection in female patients and prevention of HIV infection among women is now a priority for public health interventions, both in industrialized and in developing countries.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smoking prevalence of pregnant women compared to women in the general population of Washington State.

We used two readily available sources of information to identify subgroups of pregnant Washington State women with high smoking rates. We compared smoking rates in pregnant women and women in general using information from the Washington State birth certificate collection system and the Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Smoking rates are substantially higher in young mothers 18-24 years of age than in comparable age cohorts in the general population of women in the state. In contrast, mothers 25 years of age and older smoke at lower rates than their age cohort in the general population. For multiparous women of all ages, smoking prevalence is related to age at first birth. Married women, whether pregnant or not, smoked less than unmarried women.

Adolescent↗