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Biomedical subjects

Y Yui

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yui.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Hypertrophic obstructive and non-obstructive cardiomyopathy in Japan. Diagnosis of the disease with special reference to endomyocardial catheter biopsy.

There were 84 confirmed cases of congestive (or dilated) cardiomyopathy (CCM or DCM), 57 of hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) and 52 of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) collected from 15 cardiology divisions of university or national hospitals in Japan. Out of the 193 patients with cardiomyopathy, 145 (75%) were male and 48 (25%) female (M/F ratio = 3:1). The mean age of the patients was 34.1 years. Patients with HNCM or HOCM were usually asymptomatic, but palpitation was the most common symptom, followed in frequency by chest oppression, dyspnoea, chest pain, arrhythmia and syncope in HNCM, and by dyspnoea, chest oppression, chest pain, dizziness and syncope in HOCM. ST-T abnormalities were most frequently observed, 90.3% in HNCM and 86.3% in HOCM. Left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 76.4% of HNCM and in 79.1% of HOCM. Abnormal Q waves were observed equally in HNCM (32.4%) and in HOCM (35.3%). A fourth sound was more common (69.2% in HNCM; 75.8% in HOCM) than a third sound (39.7% in HNCM; 36.5 in HOCM). The heart size on conventional radiography was within normal limits or slightly enlarged; the mean cardiothoracic ratio was 0.52 in HNCM and 0.54 in HOCM. A cumulative survival rate in 149 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy demonstrated that the 10-year survival rate after the time when the diagnosis was made was 34.2% for CCM, 81.7% for HNCM and 84.4% for HOCM. Autopsy studies in 11 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy revealed that marked fibre disarray of the heart could be detected by the endomyocardial biopsy of the right ventricular septum in 40% at most of the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Changes of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors guinea pig lung sensitized with ovalbumin.

The effect of immunization of guinea pigs with ovalbumin on the number and affinity of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors was studied in lung membranes by direct binding techniques using 3H-prazosin, 1-3H-dihydroalprenolol and 1-3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate. After immunization by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin to guinea pigs, the number and affinity of each receptor in sensitized animals were not significantly different from those of control animals. Sensitization of guinea pigs by an aerosol exposure with the antigen resulted in a decreased number of beta-adrenergic receptor (458 +/- 29 vs. 687 +/- 56 fmol/mg protein; p less than 0.01), and an increased number of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor (36 +/- 2 vs. 25 +/- 2 fmol/mg protein; p less than 0.01), but no change was observed in the number of muscarinic receptors, as compared with control animals. On the other hand, following a prolonged sensitization of guinea pigs with a low dose of the aerosolized antigen, the number of muscarinic receptors was significantly increased in the lung of sensitized animals (50 +/- 2 vs. 42 +/- 2 fmol/mg protein; p less than 0.01); however, we found no significant differences between sensitized and normal animals in the number of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptors. There were no different changes in the affinity of these receptors in all experiments.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1983

Changes of beta-adrenergic receptor number and catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in guinea pig lung after inhalation of histamine aerosol.

After guinea pigs were exposed to histamine or acetylcholine aerosol for 1 week, alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors on the lung membranes were measured by direct binding techniques using 3H-prazosin, l-3H-dihydroalprenolol, and l-3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate, respectively, and adenylate cyclase responses to l-isoproterenol (10(-5) to 10(-8) M) and NaF (20 mM) were also examined on the membranes. After the inhalation, the number of beta-adrenergic receptors was decreased by about 25% without a significant change in binding affinity for l-3H-dihydroalprenolol, while the number and the affinity of alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors on the membranes were not significantly different from those in the control animals. When compared with the control animals, the lung membranes showed a reduced adenylate cyclase response to l-isoproterenol, and the response to 10(-5) M of l-isoproterenol was significantly decreased by 11% in the lung membranes. The histamine inhalation showed no significant effect on basal adenylate cyclase activity and adenylate cyclase response to NaF.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1983

Unstable angina--clinical course and medical management including antiplatelet treatment.

One hundred patients with unstable angina who were treated medically were classified into 2 groups of non-crescendo and crescendo angina and reviewed regarding their clinical course for 24 months on the average. Thirty-four patients with non-crescendo angina had an occurrence of recurrent angina in 7 patients (21%), myocardial infarction in 2 (6%) and death in none, while 66 patients with crescendo angina had a significantly higher occurrence of recurrent angina in 29 (44%) and myocardial infarction in 14 (21%), p less than 0.05 in both angina and infarction. There were 4 (6%) deaths in patients with crescendo angina in spite of similar clinical backgrounds. Modern medical treatments of unstable angina include nitrates, beta blockers, calcium antagonists as well as antiplatelet and thrombolytic therapy. We conclude that our patients under active medical treatment have more favorable prognosis than once thought and that classification of unstable angina into non-crescendo and crescendo angina according to the early clinical course appears to be useful both for a selection of treatments and for an assessment of prognosis.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

[Immunopharmacological actions of 6-amidino-2-naphthyl-4-guanidinobenzoate (FUT-175). 2. Effect of FUT-175 on immunological reactions in man].

FUT-175 is a new anti-complemental drug which strongly inhibits complement-mediated allergic reactions in animals. It was reported that FUT-175 does not affect both antibody formation and host defense to bacterial infection in mice. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of FUT-175 on various immunological reactions in humans. FUT-175 dose-dependently decreased the antigen-induced anaphylactic histamine release from leukocytes of atopic patients. However, i.d. treatment of FUT-175 neither inhibited antigen- or compound 48/80-induced immediate type skin reactions in atopic patients nor antigen-induced early, late or delayed type skin reactions in Candida-sensitive patients. FUT-175 also did not inhibit the PPD-mediated delayed type skin reaction in healthy subjects. FUT-175 at a dose of 10(-4)M but not at 10(-8) to 10(-5)M significantly decreased the proliferation of human atopic peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) caused by mite antigen, concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen. 51Cr release from human PBL was slightly enhanced by FUT-175 at a dose range of 10(-6) to 10(-4)M. FUT-175 did not change the number of SIg receptors or C3 receptors on human B cells. FUT-175 hardly affected the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test and Escherichia coli-mediated chemotaxis in human neutrophils. These results strongly suggest that FUT-175 does not affect immunological functions and host defense in humans.

Benzamidines↗
PubMed1982

Prostacyclin therapy in patients with congestive heart failure.

The acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous prostacyclin (PGI2), in doses of 22 +/- 11 ng/kg per min were studied in nine patients with severe congestive heart failure refractory to digitalis and diuretic drugs. After prostacyclin infusion, mean (+/- standard deviation) pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 21.0 +/- 7.9 to 15.0 +/- 6.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), mean arterial pressure from 98.9 +/- 12.8 to 76.2 +/- 7.0 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), systemic vascular resistance from 2,574 +/- 384 to 1,368 +/- 283 dynes s cm-5 (p less than 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance from 1,008 +/- 451 to 443 +/- 135 dynes s cm-5 (p less than 0.001) and pulmonary arteriolar resistance from 330 +/- 111 to 189 +/- 73 dynes s cm-5 (p less than 0.001). Heart rate increased from 78 +/- 21 to 82 +/- 24 beats/min (p = not significant [NS]), cardiac index from 2.0 +/- 0.37 to 3.2 +/- 0.59 liters/min per m2 (p less than 0.001) and stroke index from 27.6 +/- 8.69 to 42.0 +/- 0.62 cc/m2 (p less than 0.001). With prostacyclin, moreover, coldness of the limbs and face disappeared, and patients felt warmth and mild flushing of the face. After prostacyclin, plasma norepinephrine levels, renin activity and aldosterone concentrations rose from 824 +/- 375 to 880 +/- 468 pg/ml (NS), 0.68 +/- 1.36 to 0.95 +/- 1.21 ng/ml per h (NS), and 6.64 +/- 2.50 to 6.38 +/- 2.88 ng/dl (NS), respectively, while plasma epinephrine increased from 140 +/- 80 to 250 +/- 154 pg/ml (p less than 0.025).

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Effect of Bordetella pertussis on alpha 1 and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors in guinea pig lung membranes.

After intraperitoneal injection of Bordetella pertussis vaccine to guinea pigs, the alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors of the whole lung were measured by binding assays with the radioisotope-labeled antagonists, 3H-prazosin, 1-(3)H-dihydroalprenolol and 1-(3)H-quinuclidinyl benzilate, respectively. Injection of guinea pigs with pertussis vaccine resulted in an increase in the maximum binding (Bmax) of 3H-prazosin, while there was about a 30% reduction in 1-(3)H-dihydroalprenolol binding to beta-adrenergic receptors. No difference was observed in the dissociation constant (KD) for binding of each ligand to alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptors. 1-(3)H-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding indicated that the Bmax and KD for cholinergic muscarinic receptor in pertussis-sensitized guinea pigs were not significantly different from those normal control animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Estimation of infarct size by myocardial emission computed tomography with thallium-201 and its relation to creatine kinase-MB release after myocardial infarction in man.

We evaluated emission computed tomography (ECT) for thallium-201 (201TI) myocardial imaging in estimating infarct size (IS). In 18 patients in whom IS was estimated enzymatically at the time of the acute episode, planar 201TI perfusion scintigraphy and ECT with a rotating gamma camera were performed 4 weeks after the first myocardial infarction. From the size of 201TI perfusion defects, the infarct area in planar images and the infarct volume in reconstructed ECT images were measured by computerized planimetry. When scintigraphic IS was compared with the accumulated creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme release (CK-MBr), infarct volume determined from ECT correlated closely with CK-MBr (r = 0.89), whereas infarct area measured from planar images correlated less satisfactorily with the enzymatic IS (for an average infarct area from three views, r = 0.69; for the largest infarct area, r = 0.73). Although conventional scintigraphic evaluation is useful for detecting and localizing infarction, quantification of ischemic injury with this two-dimensional technique has a significant inherent limitation. The ECT approach can provide a more accurate three-dimensional quantitative estimate of infarction, and can corroborate the enzymatic estimate of IS.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Non-invasive radiocardiographic assessment of the effects of prazosin in congestive heart failure.

To clarify the hemodynamic effects of prazosin in congestive heart failure, the changes of blood distribution were examined radiocardiographically in 9 patients. After obtaining control data, patients were given oral prazosin (5.9 +/- 2.6 mg/day) for 3 weeks. Studies were repeated immediately before and one week after the cessation of the prazosin treatment. Cardiac index (CI) and stroke index (SI) showed significant increases, and mean blood pressure (MBP) and peripheral vascular resistance significant decreases as compared with the control values. However, heart rate did not change significantly throughout the period of this study. After stopping prazosin, MBP, CI and SI returned to the control levels. Concerning the changes in blood distribution, total blood volume and body blood volume significantly increased during prazosin therapy. Pulmonary blood volume (PBV) had a tendency to increase, although the changes were not significant. In patients, in whom the PBV increased during prazosin treatment, diuretics had to be used concomitantly. Our results show that prazosin is effective in the treatment of congestive heart failure and radiocardiography is a useful non-invasive procedure in assessing cardiac improvement and in designing the appropriate treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[A toxicological study of etretinate and its effect on blood and tissue (author's transl)].

10 mg/kg of etretinate was administrated orally for 4 weeks to a Sprague-Dawley rat (male, approx. 140 g in weight) and its toxicity was checked at 2 and 4 weeks after the start of administration. Recovery was checked 2 and 4 weeks after end of administration. Three weeks after administration of etretinate, a decline in the increase of body weight and a decline in movement due to abnormality in the lower half of the body was seen. Two weeks after administration, the thigh bone was observed to thin and to have fragility; 4 weeks after administration the changes in the thigh bone became more eminent and the forearm was seen to thin 4 weeks after administration of etretinate, the hematological test showed an increase of leukocytes and the biochemical test showed an increase of triglycerides and phospholipids. The calcium in the thigh bone showed a notable decrease 2 and 4 weeks after administration. The decline in the increase of body weight; the increase of leukocytes, triglycerides and phospholipids; and the decrease of calcium in the thigh bone recovered to normal 2 weeks after the end of administration. Blood retinol decreased and a decrease in retinyl palmitate and retinol in the liver was induced by the administration of etretinate. The toxicity of etretinate was seen to be comparatively lower than that of retinoid. A more detailed study is thought to be needed concerning the changes in bone.

Adrenal Glands↗