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Biomedical subjects

Y Yui

Publications and source records attributed to Y Yui.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

[A case of Fournier's gangrene requiring extensive debridement including bilateral orchiectomy and amputation of the penis].

With the evolution of antibiotic agents, necrotizing fasciitis of the male genitalia first described by Fournier has become rare. However, its mortality rate is still high. We present a severe case of this disease. An 80-year-old man who had poor controlled diabetes mellitus was admitted to our hospital with painful swelling of penoscrotal region. Chemotherapy using broad-spectrum antibiotics and drainage of penis, scrotum and lower abdominal wall was performed combined with insulin therapy. Despite the drainage and aggressive chemotherapy with insulin therapy, the gangrene enlarged rapidly and the patient's general condition was getting very poor. Then, we performed extensive debridement including bilateral orchiectomy and amputation of the penis. After the operation, the patient became afebrile and his general condition was improved.

Aged↗

[Clinical examination of torsion of the spermatic cord--review of 177 cases reported in the recent Japanese literature including our present 7 cases].

Between January 1974 and December 1984, 16 patients underwent surgical exploration at our Hospital. Seven of these patients proved to have torsion of the spermatic cord and nine were strongly suspected to have this lesion in spite of lack of torsion during operation and the remaining 3 patients suffered from epididymitis. The 7 patients with torsion ranged in age from 14 to 22 years old. The left side was involved in 4 patients, and the right side in 3 patients. Six patients had internal rotation and 1 had external rotation. In all of them, intravaginal torsion was noticed at various degrees of twist (270 degrees-540 degrees). Orchidopexy was performed in 5 cases in which the operation could be done within 15 hours after onset of the symptom but in 2 cases in which 50, and 56 hours had elapsed orchidectomy was unavoidable. The 177 cases reported in the Japanese literature since Kumon's report including our present 7 cases were reviewed statistically in detail. Case reports of this lesion, especially in newborns, is increasing every year. The age distribution showed two peaks, one at the time of puberty (10-19 years old) and the other shortly after birth. There was a predominance for the left side, internal rotation and twisted degrees of 180 degrees to 360 degrees in this series. In the cases in which over 24 hours has elapsed before surgery, orchidectomy was performed frequently.

Adolescent↗

Decreased serum levels of a factor stimulating prostacyclin synthesis in acute myocardial infarction.

To investigate the role of a factor in serum stimulating prostacyclin synthesis in acute myocardial infarction, we compared the activities of the factor among 7 patients with acute myocardial infarction (2.5 +/- 0.8 hrs and 80 +/- 17 hrs after the onset of symptoms), 12 patients with angina pectoris, and 7 normal subjects. In this study, we found that in patients with acute myocardial infarction, this activity is much lower immediately after infarction (2.5 +/- 0.8 hrs) than 80 +/- 17 hrs later, or in patients with stable angina pectoris, or in healthy volunteers. Since prostacyclin is antiaggregating and vasodilating, the deficiency in this ability during the very early phase of acute myocardial infarction may be related to the development of the thrombosis of acute myocardial infarction.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

Enhancement of left ventricular contractility after opening of an arteriovenous fistula in dogs.

The effect of opening and closing the infrarenal arteriovenous (A-V) fistula on left ventricular (LV) function was analysed in 12 anaesthetised dogs, instrumented with a micromanometer and a pair of ultrasonic crystals for measurement of LV diameter (D). Plasma noradrenaline (NA) levels sampled from the right ventricular cavity were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Immediately after opening of the A-V fistula, the peak LV pressure (P) decreased by 4.3 kPa from the control value of 14.4 kPa and returned to the control level within 30 s. End-diastolic diameter did not significantly change immediately after opening the fistula but then gradually augmented to 28.3 mm, at the stable stage 5 min later. End-systolic diameter was significantly reduced from 22.0 to 20.8 mm immediately after opening and remained reduced until the fistula was closed. The percentage shortening of the LVD increased from 17.1 to 20.1% with the initial fall in LVP, and continued to increase to 26.6% with subsequent enlargement of diameter. With closure of the fistula, a directionally opposite response was observed. The end-systolic P-D relation, obtained by superimposing the series of loops and plotting end-systolic pressure against end-systolic diameter, fell on the single function curve during the initial pressure change, and clearly shifted to the left during the stable stage of volume loading and returned to the control relation with closure of the A-V fistula.2+ leftward shift of the end-systolic P-D relation during the stable stage of volume loading.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

Unusual vasomotor coronary arterial responses after reversal of ergonovine induced spasm with glyceryl trinitrate.

Unusual vasomotor responses in the coronary arteries occurred in two patients after the administration of glyceryl trinitrate to relieve spasm induced by ergonovine maleate. In one patient after treatment with glyceryl trinitrate and despite dilatation of the adjoining segments a new severe reduction in diameter occurred distally to the segments of the right coronary artery where the ergonovine induced spasm developed. In the other patient the left anterior descending artery filled very slowly after the completely occlusive spasm of the right coronary artery had resolved with glyceryl trinitrate though the circumflex did not. These vasomotor changes were associated with chest discomfort and electrocardiographic abnormalities in both cases. These findings indicate that caution is needed when performing provocative tests even after the ergonovine induced spasm has been reversed with glyceryl trinitrate.

Adult↗

Inhibition of slow-reacting substance release by calmodulin blocker.

It was examined whether a calmodulin blocker could inhibit release of slow-reacting substance from human leukocytes. W-7, a specific calmodulin blocker, completely inhibited slow-reacting substance release induced by calcium ionophore or mite allergen at 5 X 10(-5) M, while W-12, which had a lower affinity to calmodulin, failed to inhibit the release even at 10(-4) M. It was suggested that calmodulin was involved in mechanisms of slow-reacting substance release. Release of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha by calcium ionophore was partially inhibited by 5 X 10(-5) M of W-7. The inhibitory effects of W-7 on slow-reacting substance release could be considered responsible for the suppression of phospholipase A2.

Autacoids↗

Intravenous infusion of a selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase in man: influence on thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels and platelet aggregation.

The effect of the selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor OKY-1581, a pyridine derivative [sodium (E)-3-(4-(3-pyridylmethyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenoate], on thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha levels and platelet aggregation was studied in human volunteers. To clarify its effectiveness as an enzyme inhibitor, OKY-1581, at doses of 17, 83, 167, 417, 833, and 1667 micrograms/kg (n = 5 for each group), was injected intravenously, or was infused (10 micrograms/kg/min; n = 5) over 3 hr on 3 successive days. OKY-1580 (OKY-1581 free acid) was rapidly converted to its main beta-oxidized product, OKY-1565, and its reduced form, OKY-1558. During the study, plasma thromboxane B2 levels, inhibition of thromboxane B2 production in serum, and inhibition of rabbit platelet thromboxane A2 synthetase were monitored continuously. Twenty-five minutes after the injection of the above doses, plasma thromboxane B2 levels decreased by 4 +/- 7%, 40 +/- 14%, 57 +/- 7%, 68 +/- 6%, 93 +/- 5%, and 96 +/- 5% (mean +/- SD), respectively. Thromboxane B2 production in serum was decreased by 2 +/- 8%, 70 +/- 10%, 75 +/- 8%, 81 +/- 10%, and 96 +/- 8%, respectively, and rabbit platelet thromboxane A2 synthetase by 2 +/- 7%, 52 +/- 8%, 79 +/- 10%, 80 +/- 9%, 96 +/- 8%, and 95 +/- 7%. These parameters returned to the control levels 24 hr after the injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

Effect of prostacyclin and prazosin in the treatment of congestive heart failure; with special reference to the sympathetic nervous system.

Therapy to decrease the load in congestive heart failure is now classified as acute and chronic vasodilator therapy. In this symposium, we presented prostacyclin (PG I2) as an acute and prazosin as a chronic vasodilator. Their hemodynamic and clinical effectiveness were evaluated and their effect on the sympathetic nervous system was also studied. We studied the effect of intravenous prostacyclin infusion in doses of 22 +/- 11 ng/kg/min in nine patients with severe congestive heart failure refractory to digitalis and diuretic drugs. After prostacyclin infusion, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 21.0 +/- 7.9 to 15.0 +/- 6.6 mmHg (p less than 0.001), mean arterial pressure from 98.9 +/- 12.8 to 76.2 +/- 7.0 mmHg (p less than 0.001), systemic vascular resistance from 2,574 +/- 384 to 1,368 +/- 283 dynes X sec X cm-5 (p less than 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance from 1,008 +/- 451 to 443 +/- 135 dynes X sec X cm-5 (p less than 0.001) and pulmonary arteriolar resistance from 330 +/- 111 to 189 +/- 73 dynes X sec X cm-5 (p less than 0.001). The cardiac index increased from 2.0 +/- 0.37 to 3.2 +/- 0.59 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.001), and the stroke index from 27.6 +/- 8.69 to 42.0 +/- 0.62 ml/m2 (p less than 0.001). Moreover, prostacyclin therapy counteracted the sensation of coldness of the limbs and face, and patients felt warmth and mild flushing of the face. The effect of prazosin on the exercise duration time until dyspnea was evaluated by the treadmill test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗

[Chemotherapy of disseminated germ cell testicular tumors with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and other drugs].

The effect of single CDDP therapy and PVB therapy was examined in 7 cases of stage III germ cell testicular tumors with measurable metastases. The mean age of the patients was 30.6 years old, and their histological types of primary sites were seminoma in 3 cases, embryonal carcinoma in 2, immature teratoma in 1 case and embryonal carcinoma + teratoma in 1 case. In 1 case of seminoma, 375 mg of CDDP was administered. In 1 case of embryonal carcinoma + teratoma, 100 mg of CDDP and then 2 courses of PVB therapy were performed, and 3 courses of PVB therapy were given in all other cases. Three cases showed complete response, 2 cases partial response and 2 cases no change. Pulmonary metastatic nodules were extirpated after the PVB therapy in 1 of the cases showing no change, and the histological examination of these nodules was found to be mature teratoma. As a result, the effectiveness of the chemotherapy alone was 71.4%, and that of chemotherapy + surgical operation was 85.7%. Significance of intensive chemotherapy and necessity of extirpation of residual metastatic nodules after intensive chemotherapy in the management of advanced germ cell testicular tumors are stressed.

Adult↗

[Metastatic ureteral tumor from the digestive organ: a case report].

A 63-year-old woman admitted because of a right non-visualizing kidney. Right ureteral tumor was clinically diagnosed by routine examinations. Pathological finding after right nephroureterectomy and partial cystectomy revealed adenocarcinoma of the ureter. She also had a history of gastrectomy for gastric cancer 4 years before. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the right ureter from the stomach was the final diagnosis made after the pathological comparison of the two specimens. Thirty nine cases of metastatic ureteral tumor from the digestive organs were reported in Japan. The autopsy suggests that metastatic ureteral tumors occur more often than we may expect and as metastatic and invasive ureteral tumors from digestive organ, are often confused, the criteria to distinguish between them must be established.

Adenocarcinoma↗

[Treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum].

Chemotherapeutic effects of CDDP used as the main drug were studied in 20 patients with progressive prostatic cancer in stage C or D. On the average 208 mg of CDDP was given to the patients receiving chemotherapy without antiandrogen therapy (13 patients who showed resistance to hormone and an untreated new patient) and both ADM and IFM were also given to 3 of them. According to the criterion proposed by Shida and his coworkers, the chemotherapy without antiandrogen therapy was effective in 2 cases, relatively effective in 7 cases, and ineffective in 5 cases. The chemotherapy was effective for metastatic tumors of the lung in 2 out of 2 cases, but had no effect on tumors of the lymph node (1 case) and primary lesion of the tumors (14 cases). The chemotherapy improved acid phosphatase values in 5 out of 10 cases, alkaline phosphatase values in 3 out of 10 cases, dysuria in 4 out of 8 cases, nocturia in 1 out of 12 cases, residual urine in 5 out of 6 cases, lumbago in 6 out of 8 cases, and constitutional symptom in 6 out of 12 cases. The effect of the chemotherapy in combination with antiandrogen therapy was excellent in 4 and good in 2 of the 6 patients treated with castration + diethylstilbestrol diphosphate + CDDP + ADM +/- IFM. The chemotherapy with antiandrogen therapy had no effect on metastatic tumors of the bone (2 cases), but decreased the hardness and size of primary lesion in 6 out of 6 cases. Urethrography showed better changes in 6 out of 6 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Phosphatase↗

[A case of testicular tumor with uncommon clinical course: testicular lesion that was initially not palpable led to a wrong diagnosis of huge retroperitoneal hematoma due to trauma].

A case of testicular tumor with uncommon clinical course is presented. Although the patient underwent abdominal trauma and was diagnosed as having retroperitoneal hematoma, a retroperitoneal bulky tumor was revealed at surgery. After that left orchiectomy was performed because the testicular swelling gradually developed. The retroperitoneal tumor was confirmed to be a secondary lesion metastasized from left testicular carcinoma.

Abdominal Injuries↗

[A clinical case of secondary tumor of the penis from the rectum, with malignant priapism].

We report a clinical case of carcinoma of the rectum. A 45-year-old patient had undergone resection of the rectum and proctostomy 22 months ago. Carcinoma caused metastasis to the corpora cavernosa of the penis in this patient, and caused local recurrence of the carcinoma of the rectum, pulmonary metastasis and malignant priapism. A statistical analysis of 62 cases of secondary tumor of the penis in Japan was also made. The present clinical case was the 62nd case of secondary tumor of the penis in Japan, and the 4th case of secondary penile tumor from the rectum. The primary foci of the secondary tumor of the penis are mostly in the urinary bladder and the prostate, followed by the rectum, kidney, pelvis of the kidney and the ureter. Primary sites in the urogenital organs were found in 82.3% and in the neighboring organs in 85.2%. As the route of metastasis of the secondary tumor of the penis, arterial blood, retrovenous, retro-lymph and direct infiltrating metastasis may be possible. Secondary tumor of the penis is mostly found in aged persons, and the major symptoms may be penile nodule and mass, malignant priapism, penile pain and tenderness, and difficulty in urination and retention of urine. Regardless of the length to metastasis and difference in the treatment of the metastatic focus, the secondary tumor of the penis is poor in prognosis, and survival period may be up to 7 months. From the findings of post-mortem examination, secondary tumor of the penis should be regarded as a secondary sign due to recurrence of the primary tumor or presence of metastasis in other organs, and careless surgical operation should be avoided.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Isolation and partial characterization of the major allergen from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen.

A purified allergen, antigen SBP, was obtained from the pollen of the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, Sugi in Japanese) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl and carboxymethyl cellulose, and gel chromatography on Sephadex G-150. Antigen SBP was a heat-sensitive basic glycoprotein of approximately 40,000 molecular weight. By preparative isoelectric focusing and gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100, antigen SBP could be further separated into four subfractions, differing in both isoelectric point and molecular weight. By immunodiffusion analysis, direct skin testing, and radioallergosorbent test inhibition, it was shown that antigen SBP was the major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, and the four subfractions were seen to be antigenically and allergenically identical.

Allergens↗

Myocardial catecholamines in hypertrophic and dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy: a biopsy study.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was used to determine myocardial norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in 66 biopsy specimens obtained from the right or left ventricle during routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization of 45 patients with dilated (congestive) or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or with heart disease other than cardiomyopathy, such as acute perimyocarditis, postmyocarditis and constrictive pericarditis. The validity of catecholamine determination in a 2 to 6 mg biopsy specimen to assess overall ventricular myocardial catecholamines was demonstrated. Norepinephrine concentrations in the myocardium were inversely correlated with the grade of hypertrophy in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy or heart disease other than cardiomyopathy, but not in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The fact that the myocardial norepinephrine concentration was always lower in the left than in the right ventricle of the same patient may be explained by the simple dilution of sympathetic nerve endings in the left ventricle. There were some cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in which the concentration of myocardial norepinephrine was exceptionally high, although its mean value was not significantly higher than that in patients with other types of heart disease who served as a control group without cardiomyopathy. Some patients with dilated cardiomyopathy had lower levels of myocardial norepinephrine than would be expected for the degree of interstitial fibrosis and the severity of heart failure. The mean plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were significantly elevated in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Adult↗

Effects of coronary artery reperfusion on relation between creatine kinase-MB release and infarct size estimated by myocardial emission tomography with thallium-201 in man.

The quantitative relations between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) release and the final infarct size estimated by myocardial emission computed tomography with thallium-201 was assessed in 37 patients with a first acute transmural myocardial infarction who underwent intracoronary thrombolysis using urokinase 4.6 +/- 1.9 hours after the onset of symptoms. Serial CK-MB determinations were used to calculate the accumulated release of CK-MB (sigma CK-MB). Myocardial emission tomography with thallium-201 was performed 4 weeks after the onset, and infarct volume was measured from reconstructed tomographic images by computerized planimetry. The results are presented for two groups of patients: 11 patients with unsuccessful thrombolysis (group A) and 26 patients with successful thrombolysis (group B). An excellent linear relation was found for group A (sigma CK-MB = 6.4 X infarct volume + 47.7, r = 0.91), whereas a different linear relation was observed for group B (sigma CK-MB = 10.5 X infarct volume + 89.1, r = 0.80). Moreover, serum CK-MB activity reached a peak at 21.1 +/- 2.2 hours after the onset in group A and reached an earlier peak at 12.5 +/- 2.9 hours in group B (p less than 0.001). These data suggest that acute coronary recanalization alters the kinetics of CK-MB release, resulting in greater CK-MB release into the serum for equivalent infarct volume estimated by myocardial emission tomography with thallium-201. Thus, serum CK-MB time-activity curves after acute myocardial infarction may be influenced considerably by acute reperfusion, which is an important factor that should be incorporated in the interpretation of enzymatic estimates of infarct size in human patients.

Adult↗