Biomedical subjects

Y Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Taniguchi.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[Quantitative analysis of right ventricular overloading by 201Tl myocardial SPECT].

Clinical usefulness of quantitative analysis of right ventricular overloading was evaluated by 201Tl myocardial SPECT in comparison with cardiac catheterization and MRI. Seventy-four MBq of 201TlCl was intravenous injected and 201Tl myocardial SPECT was performed on 40 patients (mean age: 61.0 +/- 11.8) with right ventricular overloading. Regions of interest (ROI) were selected on right and left ventricular walls in a midventricular short axis image of SPECT and uptake of each ROI were counted. The right ventricle (RV)/left ventricle (LV) 201Tl uptake ratio (R/L-Tl) was calculated. Wall thickness of RV and LV were measured on MRI and the RV/LV wall thickness ratio (R/L-WT) was calculated. RV and LV pressure were recorded in cardiac catheterization, and the RV/LV systolic pressure ratio (R/L-P) was calculated. There was significant positive correlation (Y = 0.73X + 0.19, r = 0.71, p < 0.001) between R/L-Tl and R/L-WT. R/L-Tl was positively correlated with R/L-P in patients with pressure overload (Y = 1.14X - 0.049, r = 0.85, p < 0.001) and in patients with volume overload (Y = 0.51X + 0.023, r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and the slope of the regression line in patients with pressure overload was significantly steeper than that in patients with volume overload (p < 0.001). In conclusion, quantitative analysis of right ventricular overload by 201Tl myocardial SPECT is useful to estimate RV/LV wall thickness ratio and pressure ratio.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Change in interphotoreceptor-retinoid-binding-protein (IRBP) after retinal photocoagulation and cryopexy].

Effects of retinal photocoagulation and cryopexy on the interphotoreceptor-retinoid-binding-protein (IRBP) were studied using the indirect enzyme-labeled antibody technique. Following photocoagulation or cryopexy of eyes of normal guinea pigs, the eyes were fixed and frozen sections were reacted with rabbit anti-bovine IRBP serum as a primary antibody and with horseradish-peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG goat IgG Fab' fragment as a secondary antibody. A positive reaction for IRBP was noted up until 7 days after photocoagulation. However, although IRBP was also noted in almost all layers of the retina immediately following cryopexy, it disappeared with time as the retina atrophied. We postulate that, because IRBP is an extracellular substance produced by the visual cell, it tended to remain in the photoreceptor layer following milder destruction with photocoagulation, but disappeared completely with atrophy of visual cells following cryopexy.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Introduction of a "safety zone" for the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Anatomic variations of the biliary tract were found in 18 cases of 600 patients (3.0%) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All bile duct anomalies were confirmed preoperatively by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. In every case, the cystic duct and cystic artery were exposed in a "safety zone" near the gallbladder neck in Calot's triangle. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successfully performed on all 18 cases. Intraoperative cholangiography clearly demonstrated the anatomic variations in all cases, unequivocally identified the cystic duct, and confirmed the absence of bile duct injury. Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and intraoperative cholangiography, which have been performed routinely in all patients, improve the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Moreover, the observance of the essential rule of "keep operating in the safety zone" protects against inadvertent complications, especially against bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was thus successfully performed on all 600 cases in the present series, except for three cases, which were converted to open surgery (conversion rates, 0.5%), because of pin-hole bleeding on the portal vein in our first case of 600, and severe adhesion in two (46th and 302nd) cases.

Bile Ducts↗

PubMed1993

[Assessment of reverse redistribution on exercise 201Tl myocardial SPECT in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

Reverse redistribution is revealed on exercise 201Tl myocardial SPECT in some cases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ten patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without coronary artery disease who showed reverse redistribution visually were studied. Reverse redistribution was evaluated by the early and delayed images of exercise 201Tl myocardial SPECT. Relation between reverse redistribution and distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy estimated by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging was investigated, and the mechanism of reverse redistribution was analyzed by referring to Bull's eye display of washout rate. Reverse redistribution was displayed in non-hypertrophic region and washout rate was normal in that region and low in hypertrophic region. In conclusion, in order to interpret reverse redistribution it is necessary to recognize hypertrophic region and to refer to washout rate.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Immunological and physicochemical properties of Cry j II, the second major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen (Cryptomeria japonica)].

Cry j II, the second major allergen of Japanese cedar (sugi, Cryptomeria japonica) pollen was examined for the allergenicity by intradermal test and RAST. Nineteen of the 25 allergic patients examined, showed positive reaction to the Cry j II. Contents of Cry j II in the extracts of the pollen collected in various regions from 1977 to 1991 showed yearly variation ranging from 2.9 to 14 mg/100 g pollen, whereas the amount of Cry j I in the extract was comparatively stable at about 35 mg/100 g pollen. Physicochemical treatments of Cry j I and Cry j II suggested that specific human IgE antibodies and some mAbs bind to conformational epitopes which are denatured and destroyed by certain treatments.

Allergens↗

PubMed1993

[Reevaluation of spinal anesthesia in elderly people--an evaluation of circulatory changes].

Appropriate methods of anesthesia for the elderly people are being discussed as the ratio of elderly people in our society increases. During spinal anesthesia, hypotension was frequently observed in patients with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, coronary deficiency, and so on. It is also difficult to pass the needle between degenerated vertebrae. However, general inhaled anesthesia accompanies the respiratory complications and consciousness derangement after surgical operations more frequently than after spinal anesthesia. In this study, circulatory conditions during spinal anesthesia in elderly people (30-91 years old) were analyzed in 109 cases of spinal anesthesia. Hypotension occurred about 10 minutes and 40-60 minutes after injection of anesthetics and was frequent in patients of high aged group, but tachycardia was not observed among them. In addition, their blood pressure in the recovery room could not recover to the level before anesthesia. It is thought that hypotension during spinal anesthesia was induced by the vascular dilatation caused by sympathetic nerve block and the deficiency of reflective venous constriction in upper extremities and abdominal organs. Tachycardia may also produce hypotension. However, the reflexive vasoconstriction and tachycardia are thought to be poor on account of arteriosclerosis and down regulation of beta-receptor in elderly people. Therefore, during spinal anesthesia in the elderly people, the catecholamine released by the surgical stimulation could not increase blood pressure effectively. To prevent hypotension during spinal anesthesia in elderly people, it is advisable to employ the treatment for upregulation of beta-receptor before anesthesia and the administration of alpha . beta-receptor, epinephrine and dopamine for control of blood pressure during spinal anesthesia.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

[An early phase II trial combining cisplatin and carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer].

We conducted an early phase II trial in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to evaluate response efficacy of a combination of Cisplatin (CDDP) and Carboplatin (CBDCA). The twenty-six patients in the study had had no previous treatment. They received a sequential administration of 300 mg/m2 CBDCA and 80 mg/m2 CDDP with approximately 3,500 ml of hydration on day 1 every 4 weeks. All patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Ten (38.5%) of all assessable patients achieved a partial response (95% confidence interval, 19.8-57.2%). Response rates for patients with stage III A, III B and IV- disease were 40.0 (2/5), 70.0 (7/10) and 9.1% (1/11), respectively. Response rates for patients with squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma were 35.7 (5/14), 45.5 (5/11) and 0.0% (0/1), respectively. The median survival time (MST) of all patients was 11 months. The MST for patients with stage III disease was 14 months; for those with stage IV disease it was 7 months. The MST for responding patients was 15 months and for not responding patients 5 months. Major toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal, and the dose-limiting factor was thrombocytopenia. This combination chemotherapy was effective against NSCLC with tolerable toxicities. Further trials are warranted to determine the efficacy of the combination chemotherapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Relationship between Helicobacter pylori colonization and acute inflammation of the duodenal mucosa.

A relationship between Helicobacter pylori colonization and acute inflammation of the duodenal mucosa was studied in 75 patients with duodenal ulcer and nine with endoscopically normal duodenal mucosa. A biopsy of the duodenal bulb in each patient was used for both detection of H. pylori and histological assessment of acute inflammation [polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration and regenerative changes of the duodenal epithelial cells]. Biopsies with regenerative changes showed a marked PMN infiltration, regardless of the duodenal H. pylori status. In biopsies without regenerative changes, H. pylori colonization was closely associated with PMN infiltration. Acute inflammation in the duodenal mucosa surrounding ulcers is caused mainly by acid, but our data suggest that H. pylori is another important factor in the development of PMN infiltration in the duodenal mucosa.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1993

[Effect of verapamil on myocardial ischemia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: evaluation by exercise 201Tl SPECT].

Effect of verapamil on myocardial ischemia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was evaluated by exercise stress myocardial 201Tl SPECT (EX-Tl). EX-Tl were performed before and after 8.8 weeks of oral verapamil (240 mg/day) in 12 patients with HCM who showed transient 201Tl perfusion defects under control conditions. 201Tl perfusion defect was visually scored and judged for 4 grades as normal (0), mild defect (1), moderate defect (2), and severe defect (3). Transient Dilation Index (TDI) was calculated as an index of subendocardial ischemia. Improvements of defect score were demonstrated in 10 patients after administration of verapamil. Two patients showed no change of defect score. Mean defect score decreased significantly from 5.50 to 3.03 (p < 0.001). Although 11 of 12 patients showed abnormal TDI under control conditions, 10 of them revealed improvements of TDI and 7 of those 10 patients disclosed normal TDI after verapamil. Mean TDI decreased from 1.263 to 1.090 significantly (p < 0.01). In conclusion, verapamil may improve myocardial ischemia in patients with HCM.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Cloning and sequencing of the human homeobox gene HOX4A.

The HOX4A gene, one of the homeobox-containing genes on human chromosome 2, has been isolated by screening a genomic cosmid library with a HOX4B cDNA probe. The HOX4A gene consists of at least two exons separated by a long intron of 1860 bp. According to conceptual translation, the HOX4A protein is predicted to be composed of 416 amino acid residues. Interestingly, the HOX4A protein has a sequence, Pro-Ala-Ser-Gln-Ser-Pro-Glu-Arg-Ser, eight amino acids downstream from the homeodomain, which is similar to that containing a phosphorylation site in pp60c-src, Pro-Ala-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Asn-Lys-Thr. However, the HOX2G protein, which exhibits a paralogous relationship with the HOX4A protein, does not possess the sequence which is similar to that in pp60c-src. A comparison of the predicted HOX4A protein with the HOX2G protein revealed four regions of amino acid sequence similarities: an N-terminal tetrapeptide, a pentapeptide (pre-box) upstream of the homeodomain, the homeodomain and a C-terminal octapeptide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Volatile anesthetics-induced activation phenomena of alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis.

The rates of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA), p-nitrophenyl propionate (pNPP), p-nitrophenyl butanate (pNPB), and p-nitrophenyl valerate (pNPV) catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-CHT) were measured with and without volatile anesthetics at 25.0 degrees C. Halothane activated the hydrolysis of pNPA and pNPP, meanwhile inhibited that of pNPB and pNPV. The activation phenomena were explained by the existence of a 1:1 enzyme-anesthetics complex and the opening of an activated pathway. The rate constant of pNPA hydrolysis catalyzed by alpha-CHT of the activated pathway kA by halothane was 0.269 s-1, whereas that of the normal pathway was k0 0.093 s-1. The free energy of activation was stabilized at 0.64 kcal/mol by halothane. The mechanisms of the activation and inhibition are discussed in terms of the molecular size of the substrate and anesthetics.

Anesthetics↗

PubMed1992

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) acts centrally in the brain to inhibit gastric emptying in rats.

In the present study, we evaluated the central nervous system action of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on gastric emptying of a liquid meal in conscious rats using a Phenol red method. Intracisternal injection of bFGF dose-dependently inhibited gastric emptying, while intraperitoneal injection of bFGF at the same doses failed to alter gastric emptying. These results suggest for the first time that bFGF acts in the central nervous system to delay gastric emptying.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like protease activities in the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) egg.

Proteolytic activities in extracts of sea urchin eggs were examined using SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate)-polyacrylamide gels. In the unfertilized eggs, proteases were detected as bands corresponding to the molecular weights of 40 kD and 26 kD on the gelatin gel, and 35 kD and 30 kD on the casein gel. Using various protease inhibitors, it was found that 40 kD, 30 kD, and 26 kD are chymotrypsin-like proteases and that 35 kD is a trypsin-like protease. The activity of the 40 kD chymotrypsin-like protease was found to be almost completely lost after insemination.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

The gastric antisecretory action of lipopolysaccharide is blocked by indomethacin.

We have recently found that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at minute doses inhibits the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin in rats. The present study was performed to examine the mechanism by which LPS exerts its antisecretory action. The i.p. injection of LPS resulted in a dose-dependent (40-4000 ng/kg) decrease in gastric acid output in pylorus-ligated rats. However, preinjection of indomethacin (2-10 mg/kg s.c.), an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, prevented the LPS-induced inhibition of gastric secretion in a dose-related manner, while these concentrations of indomethacin by themselves did not affect gastric acid output. These results suggest that LPS requires an intact prostaglandin system to exhibit its inhibitory action on gastric secretion.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Three-dimensional and quantitative observation of the hypertrophy of rat corticotrophs following adrenalectomy.

The three-dimensional form of corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland of rats was studied by reconstruction from serial semi-thin sections both in control rats and rats one week after adrenalectomy. The corticotrophs have large depressions and cup-shaped cavities on their surface, and these features became more conspicuous after adrenalectomy. The hypertrophy of corticotrophs in adrenalectomized rats was quantified by measuring the area and perimeter of all serially sectioned profiles. The volume of the whole cell increased from 1129 +/- 114 microns3 to 2902 +/- 201 microns3 (P less than 0.01) after adrenalectomy, while the surface area of the cells increased from 690 +/- 45 microns2 to 1431 +/- 116 microns2 (P less than 0.01). The volume of the nucleus increased from 87 +/- 11 microns3 to 172 +/- 14 microns3 (P less than 0.05). Though the complexity of the form of corticotrophs seems to be increased after adrenalectomy, the ratios (adrenalectomized/control) of cell volume and surface area were 2.57 and 2.07, respectively; this indicates that the increase of the cell volume was greater than that of the surface area.

Adrenalectomy↗

PubMed1992

Evidence that gastric antisecretory action of lipopolysaccharide is not due to a toxic effect on gastric parietal cells.

We have recently found that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin at minute doses inhibits the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin in rats. The present study was performed to determine whether this antisecretory action of LPS was a reversible biological response or a result of the destruction of gastric parietal cells by endotoxin. The intraperitoneal injection of LPS into pylorus-ligated rats resulted in a dose-related (40-4000 ng/kg) decrease in gastric acid secretion, with maximal inhibition being observed at a dose of 4000 ng/kg. The stomach then was examined both macroscopically and microscopically for the presence or absence of mucosal lesions or damaged gastric parietal cells. No morphological changes in the gastric mucosal structure including parietal cells were observed even in the rats injected with 4000 ng/kg of LPS. Next, basal gastric acid output was compared in the rats that had received LPS (4000 ng/kg, intraperitoneal) or saline alone 24 hr before. There was no significant difference in gastric acid secretion between the saline- and LPS-pretreated groups, indicating that the secretory capacity of gastric parietal cells returned to the control level at 24 hr after the injection of a maximal antisecretory dose of LPS. These results clearly suggest that the LPS-induced inhibition of gastric secretion results not from its toxic or destructive effect on the gastric secretory mechanism but from its reversible biological effect on gastric physiology.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in experimental insulinopenic diabetic monkeys.

Chronic insulinopenic diabetes was induced by i.v. streptozotocin in the non-human primate Macaca fuscata. Five diabetic monkeys were kept for 8-19 months and nine for 24-48 months without any insulin treatment. Hyperglycemia (241 +/- 22 mg/dl, M +/- SE less than or equal to 1 year) progressed to 376 +/- 34 mg/dl (greater than 2 years) and ketosis to 3.5 mM (greater than 2 years) during the course of diabetes; this was roughly inversely proportional to hypoinsulinemia (3.4 microU/ml, 2 years). Serum cholesterol increased from 184 +/- 11 (less than or equal to 1 year) to 328 +/- 66 mg/dl (greater than 2 years) with the major increase in LDL-cholesterol (2.7-fold over control, greater than 2 years). HDL-cholesterol did not change at all throughout the experimental period. TG increased from 144 +/- 25 (less than or equal to 1 year) to 676 +/- 116 (greater than 2 years) with a major increase in the VLDL fraction (15-fold over control, greater than 2 years). Serum levels of apo B increased to 141 +/- 16 (less than or equal to 2 years) and 223 +/- 8 mg/dl (greater than 2 years) in contrast to control, 73 +/- 2. Morphologically, lipid deposition in the intima and fatty streaks have been observed in the abdominal aorta of all the diabetic monkeys with duration of more than 2 years. In six of the diabetic monkeys atheromatous changes such as intimal and medial thickening with smooth muscle cell proliferation were observed with foam cell formation. Similar atherosclerotic lesions were observed in renal and coronary arteries in at least six of these monkeys. In diabetic monkeys with duration of less than 2 years, mild atherosclerotic lesions were observed in two out of five. The results indicate that long standing insulinopenia leads to metabolic derangements characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia and hyperlipidemia. Elevation of LDL-cholesterol and VLDL TG with an increase of apo B is a characteristic of lipoprotein disorder. Morphologically, early to moderately advanced lesions of atherosclerosis were observed in aorta, renal and coronary arteries as a result of metabolic derangement due to insulin deficiency.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

The solubility of volatile anaesthetics in water at 25.0 degrees C using 19F NMR spectroscopy.

Anaesthetic concentration is very important for the quantitative treatment of anaesthesia theory. Traditionally concentration values have been derived from the water/gas partition coefficient. However, the values from many investigators show discrepancies. This study reports the accurate solubility of methoxyflurane (9.1 mM), halothane (18.0 mM), enflurane (11.9 mM) and isoflurane (13.5 mM) in water at 25.0 degrees C using 19F NMR spectroscopy. The method has advantages in that the dissolved molecule in solution can be separately quantified from undissolved anaesthetic. Saturated solutions of the anaesthetic agents were prepared in situ in a NMR tube to avoid pressure and temperature changes in the solution.

Anesthetics↗