Biomedical subjects

Y Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Taniguchi.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Transforming growth factor beta 1-induced cellular heterogeneity in the periosteum of rat parietal bones.

We examined the osteogenesis process in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1)-treated neonatal and adult rats, aiming to investigate the age difference in the effect of TGF-beta 1 on mesenchymal cell differentiation. Recombinant human (rh) TGF-beta 1 (20 and 200 ng) was injected onto the outer periostea of the right side of the parietal bone of each rat once a day for 1-12 days starting at the age of either 1 day or 12 weeks. On the day after the final injection, the calvaria was excised and evaluated histologically. In the neonates, the 12-day treatment with rhTGF-beta 1 increased the number of osteoprogenitor cells, resulting in intramembranous ossification. In the adult rats, rhTGF-beta 1 induced differentiation of chondrocytes. Cartilage masses were surrounded by mesenchymal cells, which would differentiate into chondrocytes. The cartilage matrix was partially calcified, with chondrocytes buried therein. In the calcified matrix, marrow cavities containing some multinuclear osteoclasts were formed. These findings indicate that rhTGF-beta 1 stimulated the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes and produced the cartilaginous matrix. rhTGF-beta 1 induced intramembranous ossification of the parietal bone in neonatal rats, and it induced enchondral ossification in adults. This result suggests that the different responses of mesenchymal cells in the periosteum to rhTGF-beta 1 may depend on the age of the animals used: namely, they may reflect the respective osteogenic stages of modeling and remodeling.

Aging↗

PubMed1993

Epidural block for treatment of intestinal obstruction--clinical and experimental studies.

Seventy patients with intestinal obstruction were managed with usual conservative treatments and epidural anesthesia to block splanchnic and somatic nervous systems, for nine years from 1981 to 1990. Improvement of clinical symptoms and general conditions was accomplished in 48 patients (68.6%). In these 48 patients, 41 patients (58.6%) had complete remission of intestinal obstruction, showing flatus in 8.3 hours on an average, but seven (10.0%) had incomplete remission. For these seven, after improvements of their clinical symptoms, elective radical operations were performed within three weeks. In 22 (31.4%) patients whose symptoms were not improved at all with the epidural block, emergency exploratory celiotomies were performed, 15.4 hours on an average after the initial epidural block. Indications for surgical intervention of intestinal obstruction were decided by the absent movement of gas in the bowel in a series of plain X-rays. The effectiveness of the epidural block on the motility of the obstructed intestinal loop was experimentally confirmed in monkeys. We suggested that the epidural block, accompanied with usual conservative treatments, be recommended as the initial treatment for intestinal obstruction.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1993

The effect of an oral leukotriene antagonist, ONO-1078, on allergen-induced immediate bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects.

BACKGROUND: Cysteinyl leukotrienes are potent contractile agonists for airway smooth muscle. To examine the relative role of cysteinyl leukotrienes in immediate airway obstruction in human subjects with asthma after allergen challenge, we investigated the effect of ONO-1078, a potent receptor antagonist of cysteinyl leukotrienes, on the response. METHODS: ONO-1078 and an inactive placebo, in 150-mg capsule form, were administered every 12 hours for 1 week, in a double-blind, cross-over fashion. To examine the effect on the early part of the response, total respiratory resistance (Rrs) was continuously evaluated for 10 minutes after the start of a 1-minute exposure to an appropriate concentration of allergen. Rrs and FEV1.0 were estimated every 10 minutes for 60 minutes after the exposure. RESULTS: ONO-1078 significantly reduced percent changes in Rrs and FEV1.0 from 20 to 60 minutes after the exposure, as well as percent maximum changes in these indices, although the treatment did not alter the time from the start of allergen exposure to the beginning of elevation of Rrs, the time from the start to the point at which total respiratory conductance decreased by 35% from its baseline value, or percent changes in Rrs or FEV1.0 10 minutes after the exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, we conclude that cysteinyl leukotrienes primarily mediate a later part of immediate airway obstruction after allergen exposure.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Age-related changes in the microvessels of the human stomach: an ultrastructural study.

The ultrastructure of microvessels in the gastric mucosa of patients with atrophic gastritis was investigated. In the gastric mucosa of atrophic gastritis, the endothelial cells of microvessels were irregularly swollen and subendothelial spaces were enlarged. The basement membrane underlying the endothelium was thickened. Degeneration of smooth-muscle cells was also evident in the media. These changes appear to correspond to sclerosis or aging of the microvessels. Such sclerotic changes in microvessels may initiate deterioration of the microenvironment in the gastric mucosa and may consequently affect metabolic activity of the gastric mucosal cells. Those sequences might induce degeneration or abnormal differentiation of mucosal cells. Such vascular changes may advance slowly and increase in intensity with advancing age. The final result would be the histologic changes associated with atrophic gastritis.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Histologic differentiation and motility of rat stomach.

An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study was done to investigate the normal developmental process of rat gastric wall. Neuronal processes were observed on the external side of immature muscle cells on gestational day 15, and Auerbach's plexus was found on gestational day 18, after which neuronal elements extended just under the subepithelial area. Myofilaments appeared in undifferentiated mesenchyme cells on gestational day 15. On day 17, stomach was responsive to Ach stimulation. On the day after the initiation of gastric motility, gastric glands started to form on the mucosal surface. At the same developmental stage, some parts of the mucosal epithelium and the submucosal connective tissues were stained with antiserum against tenascin. Endocrine and parietal cells appeared in the mucosal epithelium on gestational day 19. Dense secretory granules on the apical surface of mucosal epithelium were increased between day 20 and 21. The cytoplasmic organelles gradually developed with advancing fetal age. We suggest that tenascin may play a role in gastric gland formation and that there are some relationships between gastric gland formation and gastric motility. We believe that the development of subepithelial tissues may be closely associated with epithelial growth.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Linear porokeratosis.

A case of linear porokeratosis in a 14-year-old girl was reported. The lesions started from the right forearm and extended to the right breast. Histological examinations showed cornoid lamella in the horny layer and dyskeratotic cells in the spinous layer beneath the cornoid lamella. Linear distributions of the lesions resembled the lines of Blaschko.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

A case of necrobiosis lipoidica treated with systemic corticosteroid.

A 43-year-old woman had asymptomatic eruptions on the anterior sides of both legs for 5 years. Biopsy specimens revealed the typical findings of necrobiosis lipoidica. An immunofluorescence study demonstrated no deposits of immunoglobulins, complement, or fibrinogen in vessel walls. Immunohistochemical staining revealed CD4 positive lymphocytes dominating in the lesion and strong expression of ICAM-1 on the endothelial cells, giant cells, lymphocytes and dermal fibroblasts in the lesion. The eruptions resolved remarkably with oral corticosteroid therapy.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Linear lichen planus mimicking creeping eruption.

A 42-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a linear eruption on her right flank of two months duration. Because she had eaten loach-fish a month before she noticed the eruption, a creeping eruption due to Gnathostoma spp. was initially suspected, but the histological findings of the biopsy specimens showed typical features of lichen planus. Linear lichen planus is discussed based on the cases accumulated in the literature regarding the distribution of Blaschko lines.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Cloning and sequencing of two new Verotoxin 2 variant genes of Escherichia coli isolated from cases of human and bovine diarrhea.

We cloned and sequenced two new Verotoxin 2 (VT2) variant genes: one from an Escherichia coli strain from a case of bovine diarrhea and the other from an E. coli strain from a patient with diarrhea. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these two genes were highly homologous with, but distinct from those of the VT2, VT2vha, VT2vhb, SLT-IIv (VT2vp1) and SLT-IIva (VT2vp2) genes. Their nucleotide sequences were much more closely homologous to that of VT2vh than to that of VT2vp. Search for these two new genes in other Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli strains resulted in the isolation of 2 strains carrying one of the new VT2 variant genes, one strain from Tokyo and the other from Canada.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Kainic acid injection into medullary raphe produces gastric lesions through the vagal system in rats.

There is little evidence of a role of nuclei in the brain stem, other than the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve in the medulla oblongata, in terms of central mechanisms for gastric ulcer formation. Recent reports suggest that the medullary raphe nuclei may be involved in the central regulation of gastric functions such as gastric acid secretion and motility. In the present study, we examined whether neurons in the nucleus raphe obscurus (NRO) played a significant role in the formation of gastric ulcers with the use of Sprague-Dawley rats. First, we determined whether excitation of the medullary raphe resulted in the development of gastric lesions. Chemical stimulation of neurons in the NRO by kainic acid produced gastric erosions within 4 h in 24-h fasted rats. Saline tested under the same conditions did not modify the integrity of the gastric mucosa. It was also demonstrated that kainic acid injection outside the raphe obscurus boundaries failed to develop gastric lesions. Next, we examined the effects of the vagal system on the gastric lesion formation induced by stimulation of the raphe nucleus. Bilateral gastric branch vagotomies completely prevented the development of the raphe nucleus-provoked gastric mucosal damage. All these results suggest, for the first time, that excitation of neurons in the medullary raphe obscurus induces gastric ulceration through vagal stimulation.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Identification of metastatic carcinoma in the thyroid by determination of thyroglobulin level in aspirates and ultrasonic findings.

A 49-year-old female with a metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the thyroid is presented. The thyroglobulin (Tg) level in tumor aspirates of this patient was 37.3 micrograms/l, while that of 49 patients with primary thyroid nodules ranged from 2.0 x 10(3) to 7.5 x 10(8) micrograms/l. Ultrasonogram of the thyroid demonstrated a well-demarcated oval nodule with a cystic region, the solid part of which was hypoechoic and homogeneous. However, similar ultrasonic findings were observed in only 1.1% of 1,054 patients with primary thyroid nodules. Determination of Tg in tumor aspirates and ultrasonography of the thyroid may contribute to the differentiation of metastatic thyroid nodules from primary thyroid nodules.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1993

Molecular analysis of abnormal satellite I DNA from a BUF/Mna rat thymoma.

BUF/Mna rats develop spontaneous thymomas in an autosomal dominant manner. We constructed recombinant plasmid library of 90 and 185 base-paired (bp) satellite I DNA fragments isolated from BUF/Mna rat thymoma DNA. Four unusual clones containing 93, 95, 95, and 173 bp inserts were isolated by colony hybridization with Wistar rat satellite I DNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the inserts of the 4 clones revealed abnormal sequence organization and unusual subunit structure of the rat satellite I DNA. Sequence comparisons between normal and abnormal satellite I DNA suggested that the unusual subunit structure could be generated by the change of the Hinf I recognition sequence to an Eco RI cleavage site, in addition to random deletions, insertions and base substitutions. The heptanucleotide sequence TGGGAAC, which is strictly conserved in normal subunits, was completely lost in all these clones. Southern blot hybridization revealed the amplification of abnormal satellite I DNA in BUF/Mna rat thymomas.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[A case of acute coronary syndrome followed by 201Tl, 123I-BMIPP and 123I-MIBG myocardial imagings before and after PTCA].

201TlCl (Tl), 123I-beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) images were applied before and after PTCA to a patient with acute coronary syndrome who had repeated ischemic attacks on light effort. A decreased tracer uptake was noted at the mid and apical anteroseptal regions in each image before PTCA. MIBG uptake was most decreased and Tl uptake was least decreased, but Tl uptake at exercise decreased as severely as MIBG uptake at rest. After PTCA an uptake was improved in each image. Both before and after PTCA, the area with decreased BMIPP uptake corresponded to the region with deteriorated wall motion obtained by echocardiography. It was suspected that the decreased MIBG uptake correlates with "area at risk" and that the decreased BMIPP uptake correlates with abnormal wall motion. Taken together those findings, it was indicated that an application of these cardiac scintigraphy is useful for the evaluation of comprehending metabolic abnormality and recovering process of ischemic myocardium.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗

PubMed1993

[Assessment of myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using exercise 201Tl scintigraphy].

Regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities commonly occur during exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Exercise 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy has provided a noninvasive means of identifying myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with HCM. On the other hand, apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (APH) is reported as a subtype of HCM. Whether APH is essentially equal to HCM or not is controversial. To assess myocardial ischemia in patients with APH, we studied 28 patients with APH, with exercise 201Tl SPECT. Myocardial perfusion images were obtained immediately after submaximal exercise and again after a 3-hour delay. Regional perfusion defects during exercise were identified in 19 of the 28 patients (68%) with APH. Complete reversible defects were observed in 15 (79%) patients with APH. Although perfusion defects were present in all regions of the left ventricle in patients with HCM, they were present only in the apical region in patients with APH. Thus, reversible 201Tl perfusion abnormalities commonly occur during exercise in patients with APH as well as in patients with HCM.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[The distribution and kinetics of 123I-MIBG in normal human hearts].

123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy was performed in twelve normal human subjects, and the distribution and clearance of MIBG were estimated. In PLANAR studies, heart to mediastinum (H/M) and lung to mediastinum activity ratio (L/M) were 2.68 +/- 0.45 and 1.82 +/- 0.23 in initial images, and 2.75 +/- 0.44 and 1.55 +/- 0.13 in delayed images. The clearance of MIBG in the lung was more rapid than that in the heart, 41.6 +/- 4.1 vs. 29.8 +/- 3.2 (%), therefore MIBG cardiac profiles were more clarified in delayed images. In SPECT studies, the regional relative uptake (RRU) in anterior, septal, inferior and lateral wall were 100.0 +/- 0, 93.9 +/- 6.9, 85.0 +/- 10.0 and 104.9 +/- 8.3 (%) in initial images, and 100.0 +/- 0, 96.8 +/- 9.6, 79.4 +/- 8.3 and 99.1 +/- 7.9 (%) in delayed images, respectively. The RRU in inferior wall was significantly lower than those in the other walls. The regional clearance rate (RCR) in these four walls were 25.1 +/- 4.6, 22.5 +/- 8.2, 29.7 +/- 8.3, 29.3 +/- 3.4 (%), respectively. The RCR in inferior and lateral wall were significantly larger than those in anterior and septal walls. The RRU in basal, mid and apical portion were 100.0 +/- 0, 104.5 +/- 3.3, 98.9 +/- 12.1 (%) in initial images, and 100.0 +/- 0, 103.9 +/- 4.5, 96.8 +/- 15.2 (%) in delayed images, respectively. The RRU in mid portion was significantly higher than that in basal portion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗

PubMed1993

[ELISA tests for detection of Helicobacter pylori antibodies].

The efficacy of commercial ELISA tests for detection of Helicobacter pylori antibodies was investigated. Some investigators reported that six commercial ELISA tests had sensitivities of 81-96%, and had specificities of 29-96%. It is possible that some of false-negative results by ELISA may occur for patients who are in the acute phase of infection. When ELISA tests gave false-positive results, it should be taken into account that there might be some false negative diagnoses for the gastric H. pylori status, arising from sampling errors. Some of the false-positive results by ELISA might indicate the previous infection only.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMed1993

[Relationship between Helicobacter pylori colonization in the gastric mucosa and the severity of atrophic gastritis].

We studied the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and atrophic gastritis. Eighty non-ulcer patients underwent endoscopy with biopsy. Detection and quantitative assessment of H. pylori was made based on smear, culture and tissue section (Gram stain). The extent of atrophic gastritis was assessed endoscopically according to the classification of Kimura and Takemoto. Severity of glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was assessed histologically. H. pylori infection was accompanied by or preceded the extension of atrophic gastritis. In patients with severe atrophic gastritis H. pylori was not detected. In the advanced stage of atrophic gastritis H. pylori might be cleared from the gastric mucosa. Our results suggest that H. pylori may be one of the factors for the extension of atrophic gastritis.

Gastritis, Atrophic↗

PubMed1993

[The effect of the eradication of H. pylori on the intractable ulcer].

On 25 cases (gastric ulcer 14 cases and duodenal ulcer 11 cases) of the intractable ulcer which was H. pylori-positive, we eradicated H. pylori. The eradication was done during 14 days by a triple therapy: bismuth subnitrate 2.0 g, metronidazole 0.75 g, AMPC 0.75 g/day). All cases were confirmed to be eradicated by culture and microscopic examination. 24 cases (gastric ulcer 13/14 and duodenal ulcer 11/11) were confirmed to be completely cured. After the eradication, we ceased the maintenance therapy by H2RA and followed them up, however, no ulcer relapses were found up to 9 months. It was considered that the eradication against H. pylori was a very effective method to the intractable ulcer.

Ampicillin↗