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Biomedical subjects

Y Sakakura

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakakura.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Rheological properties of middle ear effusion and their role on mucociliary clearance.

The viscoelastic properties of freshly harvested middle ear effusion (MEE) from children were determined by an oscillating sphere magnetic rheometer and compared with transportability of MEE on mucus-depleted frog palate. The elastic modulus (G') at 1 Hz of MEE from 43 untreated ear was ranged from 1.9 to 1,790 dyn/cm2 and the mean value was 28.4 dyn/cm2. The dynamic viscosity (eta') at 1 Hz of the same samples was ranged from 0.2 to 146 poise with the mean value of 3.4 poise. A maximum value of transport was obtained at G' of about 20 dyn/cm2, and below this value there was a significant positive correlation between the transport rate and log G'. Above 20 dyn/cm2, the negative correlation between the transport rate and log G' was significant. A similar significant correlation between the transport rate and log eta' was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The significance of protease inhibitors in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion.

Concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-AChyT), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (I-alpha-I), and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) was measured in 27 serous middle ear effusions (MEEs) from 24 adult patients. The presence of protease-inhibitor complex was analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). Mean concentration of alpha 1-AT was 361 +/- 90.0 mg/dl and was higher than that of other inhibitors: alpha 1-AChyT, 80.6 +/- 40.7; I-alpha-I, 21.3 +/- 21.5; alpha 2-M, 59.5 +/- 57.1. Molar concentration of alpha 2-M was the lowest. Most of alpha 1-AT and alpha 1-AChyT in MEEs were unsaturated; free inhibitors. Alpha-1-AT could be saturated by trypsin and elastase immediately, and only alpha 2-M could be saturated by papain (classical thiol protease). Serous MEEs have high anti-trypsin activity attributed to mainly free alpha 1-AT. Since level of alpha 2-M was very low, lysosomal thiol proteases could be one of the major proteases inducing proteolytic damage to middle ear mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Detection of mucosal and serum antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with rough-surfaced glass beads used as the solid phase was developed for detection of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (HITB-CP). A successful method for indirect coating of glass bead surfaces with HITB-CP, and parameters affecting the specificity and sensitivity of the assay are described. This ELISA system proved to be 100 times as sensitive as the standard indirect fluorescent-antibody assay. The assay was applied to the measurement of antibodies to HITB-CP in serum and nasal secretions and proved to be a useful tool in the evaluation of immunological response to HITB infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Reversibility of reduced mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis.

Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured before and after treatment in patients with chronic sinusitis. Nasal mucociliary transit time before the study was greater than 36 min in 8 out of 14 patients who were treated with S-carboxymethylcysteine, and in 9 out of 22 patients who were treated by repeated antral lavage. The nasal mucociliary clearance was significantly improved by both treatment regimens. This may indicate that the malfunction of the nasal mucociliary system is not the cause of chronic sinusitis but an effect of chronic inflammation of the respiratory mucosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Plasma component of middle ear effusion evaluated by prekallikrein level.

Plasma leakage into middle ear was evaluated by the level of prekallikrein in middle ear effusions (MEE), measured by the fluorometric assay. Plasma leakage into middle ear is a major source of MEE, especially serous effusions. The degree of plasma leakage at the time of sampling is very low in mucoid effusions and varied in serous effusions. Active plasma leakage into middle ear would occur at the early restricted inflammatory phase in the middle ear.

Albumins↗
PubMed1985

Purification of glandular kallikrein in maxillary mucosa from humans suffering from chronic inflammation.

Glandular kallikrein was purified from human maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation and its biochemical properties were characterized. The purification procedure consisted of extraction with 3 mol/l KCl, saturation of ammonium sulfate (66%), DEAE-Sepharose, arginine-Sepharose and Sephadex G-150 chromatographies. Maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation contains considerable activity of glandular kallikrein, which is a serine protease with limited proteolytic activity and its biochemical properties resemble those of pancreatic kallikrein.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[A statistical analysis of multiple primary malignant tumors].

The authors analyzed 32 patients with multiple primary malignant tumors treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, Mie Univ. from 1965 to 1984 and reviewed the literature. Of 1149 malignant head and neck tumors in our clinic in the same period, 32 cases (2.79%) were multiple primary malignant tumors. In this series, quadruple and triple malignancies were found in one case each and double ones in the others. The average age of these 32 patients was 67.5 years for the men and 52.7 for the women. The male: female ratio was 4.3:1. The average interval between the first and second tumor was 35 months, and in 17 cases (56.7%), they were synchronous. Laryngeal cancers were the most frequent double-primary lesions and cancers in the head and neck were most commonly associated with stomach cancers in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Macromolecular permeability of the tight junction of the human nasal mucosa.

Using HRP as a cytochemical tracer, we investigated the tight junctional permeability of the human nasal mucosa in the early stage of its transportation. We found that the tight junction becomes "leaky" in the inflammatory and in the allergic conditions. Connection of goblet-goblet and goblet-ciliated cells were weaker than that of ciliated-ciliated cells. All epithelial tight junctions seemed to be loose in cases of allergic rhinitis.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1985

Cilia injury during virus infection in chickens.

The reduction of mucociliary clearance in the Newcastle disease virus-B infected nasal turbinate in chickens is mainly due to ciliary pathology, decrease of the number of cilia and of the ciliary beat frequency.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Hemopoietic sites and development of eosinophil granulocytes in the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.

Unique eosinophils, each of which contained only one eosinophilic granule, have been found in the peripheral blood of the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). Several loach organs have been studied by light and electron microscopy to determine the hemopoietic site of this cell type. Eosinophils are produced mainly in the spleen and to a small extent in the kidney, but not in other organs. Presumed myeloblasts are identified as large lymphoid cells containing a number of small-dense granules (diameter, 0.12-0.16 micron) in the cytoplasm. These granules have been observed throughout eosinophilopoiesis but they are most abundant in the promyelocyte stage. The largest cells have been identified as myelocytes which contain a number of large granules (diameter, 0.7-1.4 micron) with electron-dense crystalline cores. These large granules are present from the myelocyte to metamyelocyte stage. Metamyelocytes differ from myelocytes in having more large granules. Mature eosinophils are morphologically similar to metamyelocytes but are characterized by the presence of only one very large electron-dense granule (diameter, 2.5-2.8 microns) with a crystalline core. The nature of these granules has been studied by enzyme digestion using pepsin and trypsin. The results indicate that the crystalline cores are almost pure protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effect of protein malnutrition on the susceptibility of the chicken nose to Newcastle disease virus.

The effect of protein malnutrition on the susceptibility of the chicken nose to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was studied. Chicks that were rendered acutely protein-deficient for 1 or 3 weeks from the time of hatching yielded approximately 10 times more NDV from their throats than did normally fed animals 7 days after inoculation with the virus. Serum antibody responses in the protein-deficient animals 14 days after inoculation of NDV was statistically lower than in the normally fed animals. These results were supported by the mucociliary transport time in the turbinate and sinus, as well as by the histological changes in the turbinate. This difference may thus be due to the fact that normally fed maturing chicks develop an increased resistance to virus which is depressed in protein-deficient animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Serum bactericidal effect on capsulated and non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae in chronic sinusitis.

Study on the incidence of bactericidal (BC) antibodies to a Haemophilus influenzae type b and a non-capsulated H. influenzae was carried out on sera from 50 healthy subjects, and from 30 patients with chronic sinusitis. Of the 50 sera from normal subjects, only one (2.0%) lacked BC antibodies to the H. influenzae type b, whereas 13 (26.0%) lacked BC antibodies to the non-capsulated H. influenzae. All of the 30 sera from patients with chronic sinusitis were bactericidal for the H. influenzae type b, whereas only three (10.0%) lacked BC antibodies to the non-capsulated H. influenzae. Specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies to the non-capsulated H. influenzae in serum were determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody assay. Of the 22 sera tested in this study, 15 (68.0%) had antibodies of at least the IgG, IgM, or IgA classes; with IgG occurring most often. These data suggest that a lack of circulating BC antibodies to both H. influenzae isolates is not associated with the chronic carriage of these organisms by patients with chronic sinusitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructure of the effects of calcitonin on the development of mouse tooth germs in vitro.

Mandibular first molars, from 17-day-old embryos, were cultivated in control medium or medium containing 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001 unit/ml of calcitonin (CT) for periods up to 10 days. In untreated tooth germs, cells of the dental papilla differentiated into pre-odontoblasts up to 4 days and predentine was seen on day 6. Cells treated with 0.1 unit/ml of CT differentiated into pre-odontoblasts up to 4 days, but no predentine was formed even after 10 days in culture. With 0.01 unit/ml, cells differentiated into odontoblasts, and had already secreted predentine a few days earlier than the untreated group. With 0.001 unit/ml, the developing germs were similar to the control explants during the entire 10-day cultivation period. The proportional area of rough endoplasmic reticulum to cytoplasm of the odontoblasts was low at 0.1 unit/ml of CT and high at 0.01 unit/ml compared to the untreated explants.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Sensation elicited by mechanical stimuli to the oropharyngeal mucosa.

An inaccurate localization of the site of stimulus, a higher two-point threshold for touch than those at lower lip or soft palate mucosae, and reference of touch sensation to the submaxillary cervical region following mechanical stimuli to the posterior oropharyngeal wall or lateral pharyngeal band were observed in the present study on otolaryngologists, medical students and patients with abnormal sensations in the throat. These results indicated that not only the somatic but also the visceral nervous system might contribute to the elicitation of sensation from the oropharyngeal structures behind the soft palate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Antifibrinolytic activity in middle ear effusion.

No activity of the plasmin and plasminogen activators could be detected in middle ear effusion (MEE). A streptokinase proactivator, which was not plasminogen and markedly enhanced the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase, could be detected. MEE had an apparent inhibitory activity against both thiol protease (papain) and serine proteases (plasmin and trypsin). All these findings indicate that MEE contains unsaturated protease inhibitors and is in a state of predominance of inhibitors over fibrinolytic activity.

Antifibrinolytic Agents↗