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Biomedical subjects

Y Sakakura

Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakakura.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of ipratropium bromide on nasal mucociliary transport.

Ipratropium bromide is a parasympatholytic drug. After application to the nose, the nasal mucociliary transport time was measured using the method of the saccharin test. This compound did not cause any changes in the nasal mucociliary transport function.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1983

Absorption of various drugs through the rabbit's respiratory mucosa in vitro.

The absorption of doxycycline (DOTC), bekanamycin (AKM), cefazolin (CEZ), penicillin G (PC-G), prednisolone, and human IgG through the rabbit's tracheal mucosa was examined using the double-chamber method. The results indicate that the tracheal mucosa can absorb both small molecules and macromolecules. Passing through the intercellular space, DOTC, a small molecule, was absorbed through the tracheal epithelium by diffusion. Human IgG, a macromolecule, was absorbed by the mechanism of an energy-consuming transport process. This study of the absorption of drugs through the respiratory mucosa could open up new areas in the utilization of intrarespiratory administration of drugs and lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in respiratory allergies.

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

An experimental study of the influence of sensory nerve fibers on Merkel cell differentiation in the labial mucosa of the rabbits.

The influence of the sensory nerve fibers on the differentiation of the Merkel cell was examined in the denervated labial mucosa of adult rabbits. Part of the lower labial mucosa was excised following mental nerve resection. Twenty-one and 50 days later, the regenerated mucosa was examined by electron microscopy with special reference to the distribution and maturation of Merkel cells, and compared with the normal and the denervated intact mucosa. A number of immature Merkel cells appeared in the denervated and regenerated epithelium by 21st day after the operation. The distribution density of the Merkel cells in a unit area of the mucosa did not change much but the percentage of the mature Merkel cells increased significantly until 50 days after the operation. The mature Merkel cells in the denervated and regenerated mucosa showed a normal ultrastructure, though their orientation and location were not uniform, shifting more superficially than the cells in the normal mucosa. In the controlateral intact epithelium of the denervated labial mucosa, no substantial decrease in the population density of Merkel cells was recognized, though the desquamation of Merkel cells was observed. It was conspicuous that the percentage of immature Merkel cells to the total number of the Merkel cells was significantly increased after the denervation in the intact labial mucosa. This study suggests that Merkel cells differentiate independently of sensory nerve fibers, but the latter are requisite to maintain the former in a uniform, basal disposition in the epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis: related human nasal clearance and in vitro bullfrog palate clearance.

Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured in both healthy subjects and patients with chronic sinusitis using saccharin granule technique. Nasal mucociliary transit time (ST) was significantly slower in the patients with chronic sinusitis compared with that in controls (p less than 0.005). Nasal mucus collected from each nasal cavity was used for in vitro bullfrog palate clearance studies and compared to the in vivo nasal ST. Mucociliary clearance rate (MTR) on frog palate was 12.5 +/- 2.5 mm/min in the mucus from control subjects, 6.1 +/- 1.5 mm/min in the mucus from the patients. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). The MTR on frog palate in the patients whose nasal ST was within normal range was significantly slower than that in controls (p less than 0.005), but not significantly different from that in the patients whose nasal ST was over the normal range. These results suggest that the nasal mucous properties which decreased the mucociliary clearance on frog palate did not contribute to the mucociliary clearance of the patients who had a normal one. No significant correlation existed between MTR on frog palate and nasal ST in both control and chronic sinusitis. In chronic sinusitis patients, decelerated nasal ST was recovered significantly by normal saline nebulization compared with the value before the nebulization (p less than 0.01). None of the significant change of ST was observed in control before and after the nebulization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Changes of mucociliary function during colds.

We have investigated, using chicken and Newcastle disease virus, the relationship between the mucociliary function and acute upper respiratory infection. Average nasal transit time of the dye was 53 sec at the age of two to four weeks in controls. The average transit times were significantly longer than those of controls at day 6 and 12 postinoculation. A histopathological study has revealed that repair of the mucosal injury is usually completed within 13 days after virus challenge. This was confirmed with 3H-thymidine autoradiography. However, there were patches where cilia almost disappear as seen in the scanning electron microscope. The mucous blanket was tethered to the mucosal surface by strands of mucus from the acini of the nose after 7 days of infection. More extensive tethers were observed on the 14th day. This phenomenon is one of the factors which may affect mucociliary transport in vivo only. Nasal secretion from patients with a common cold was transported more slowly than that of controls on a frog palate from which mucus had been removed. The reduction in mucociliary transport rate in the nose during a common cold could be due to a combination of damage to the ciliated system, a change in the biorheological property of nasal secretion and in vivo factors, or other causes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Nasal mucociliary transport, number of ciliated cells, and beating pattern in naturally acquired common colds.

Repeated samples of nasal epithelium were taken for in vitro study of the number and motility of ciliated cells (microphoto-oscillographic technique), and nasal mucociliary clearance transport rate was measured (saccharin test) in 26 subjects with naturally acquired common colds. The transport rate was markedly reduced during the disease, and a slight impairment remained even after 32 days. There was a considerable fall in the number of ciliated cells, and regeneration was slow. A moderate and shortlasting change in beating frequency and intracellular synchrony was also observed. It is concluded, that a common cold, as a rule, results in marked and long-lasting impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance function, and this may be the cause of some otherwise unexplainable symptoms from the nose and throat.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Migration of Merkel cells in the labial mucous epithelium of adult rabbits following mental nerve resection.

Merkel cells in the lower labial mucosa of adult rabbits were studied electron microscopically, 9, 21, 28, and 50 days after resection of the mental nerves. By day 9, nerve fibers were completely retracted from the epithelial layer of the mucosa. On and after day 21, Merkel cells were located not only in the basal layer but also in the prickle or more superficial cell layers. The ultrastructure of the migrating Merkel cells was unchanged, both as to the amount and location of the specific cored granules in the cytoplasm, until the cells reached the granular cell layer. The position of the migrating Merkel cells differed from cell to cell, and migration continued for at least 50 days. A remarkably large number of immature Merkel cells was observed in the basal and suprabasal cell layers of the denervated epithelium even by day 50. Therefore, the possibility of the reproduction of Merkel cells exists. The migrating Merkel cells, as well as the keratinocytes in the same cell layer, had degenerated drastically in the parakeratinized cell layer. This seems to indicate that the Merkel cells belong to the line of keratinocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Quantitation of nasal secretory IgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A simple and sensitive technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the quantitation of secretory IgA (sIgA) in order to study the synthesis and transport of sIgA in the nasal secretion from patients with chronic sinusitis. Rough-surface glass beads coated with antisecretory component antibody were employed as the solid phase. The minimal detectable concentration of sIgA was 50 ng/ml in this study. sIgA averaged 226.3 +/- 217.4 mg/dl and total IgA averaged 302.0 +/- 137.5 mg/dl.

Albumins↗