[Nasal hypersensitivity and reactivity to histamine in guinea pigs].
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Albumins↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Sakakura
Publications and source records attributed to Y Sakakura.
Aneurysm of the extracranial carotid artery.
Aneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery are rare vascular lesions. These aneurysms usually present to the otolaryngologist or vascular surgeon as a cervical or parapharyngeal pulsatile mass. Rupture and hemorrhage are unusual complications. Central nervous system symptoms secondary to embolism or thrombosis, however, are relatively common. Because of these serious complications, surgical resection of the aneurysm with restoration of arterial continuity is the treatment of choice. We describe herein three cases of the extracranial carotid aneurysm treated at the Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan, in the past two years. Surgical treatments include end-to-end anastomosis, saphenous vein autograft replacement, and direct closure utilizing an internal shunt, respectively, after resection of the aneurysm. In all patients, the postoperative course was uneventful, and angiography six weeks after the operation demonstrated good blood flow through the repaired artery.
Aged↗
Glycoprotein analysis of middle ear effusions by rectin-conjugated sepharose affinity chromatography.
We analyzed the composition of glycoproteins in serous and mucoid middle ear effusions (MEE) collected from patients with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME), and compared this with plasma glycoproteins, using rectin-conjugated sepharose. The concentration ratio of rectin-absorbed glycoproteins to total protein concentration in serous MEE resembled that in plasma, although mucoid MEE had a higher concentration ratio than that of the serous effusions. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, the molecular weight pattern of glycoproteins adsorbed to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) gel in serous MEE was more similar to that in plasma than in the mucoid effusions. Using 2-mercaptoethanol, the basic low-molecular-weight components of the glycoproteins were almost identical in MEE and in plasma. Our findings show that mucoid MEE has a greater amount of plasma and epithelial glycoproteins than does serous fluid. The composition of these latter substances is more similar to that of plasma glycoproteins. The strong disulfide bonds present in glycoproteins may significantly contribute to the physicochemical properties of mucoid MEE.
Adult↗
A new culture method assuring the three-dimensional development of the mouse embryonic molar tooth in vitro.
Mandibular first molars from 17-day-old mouse embryos were cultivated in vitro for 10 days using a new organ culture method. This method consisted of using a small glass dish and an agar chamber to slowly float the molars to the gas-medium interface where they were maintained by the surface tension of the medium. The molars developed three-dimensionally through the use of this method. Five cusps with refractile dental matrix were recognized from the occlusal side. It was easy to determine antero-posterior and bucco-lingual orientation of the molars. Thick sections of the bucco-lingual plane showed the normal cytodifferentiation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts. The thick enamel layer was formed to the extent of the fissure region between cusps. Furthermore, a great quantity of stippled material accumulated between the enamel and the ameloblasts. The stippled material displayed a meshlike fibrilar structure, and at the mineralization front, it seemed that the fibrils of stippled material adjacent to the enamel had been transformed into needlelike enamel crystals. In addition, bundles of the fibrils similar to enamel crystals were found in the stippled material. As the floatation method resulted in the three-dimensional development of the molars and the development of the enamel without the presence of histological disturbances, it was considered superior to other culture methods for the facilitation of orientation and the development of cusps.
Animals↗
Possible mechanisms of reduction of nasal mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis.
Nasal mucus was collected from 38 patients with chronic sinusitis. Following this collection, nasal mucociliary clearance (ST) was measured by the saccharin granule technique. Nasal mucus was used for in vitro frog palate clearance studies and then compared with the in vivo ST. The mucociliary transport rate of nasal mucus on mucus-depleted frog palate (MTR on frog palate) was 5.93 +/- 1.04 mm/min in the patients whose ST was within normal range (group A), and was 5.54 +/- 1.94 mm/min in the patients whose ST was above the normal range (group B). Significant differences were not observed in MTR on frog palate between groups A and B and no significant correlation was noted between ST and MTR. These results suggest that factors other than the rheological properties of nasal mucus control nasal mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic sinusitis.
Adolescent↗
Analysis by electrophoretic transfer blotting of Japanese cedar pollen allergens which react with IgG and IgE antibodies in the serum of patients.
Crude extract of Japanese cedar pollen was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography to separate the major allergenic components. In order to analyze which antigens react with IgG or IgE antibodies in the serum of Japanese cedar pollinosis patients, an electrophoretic transfer blotting was performed. Both IgE and IgG antibodies reacted with several common antigens, while IgG additionally reacted with some low-molecular-weight proteins.
Adolescent↗
Proteolytic activity and serum protease inhibitors in nasal secretions from adult patients with common colds.
Proteolytic activity and concentrations of serum protease inhibitors were measured in nasal secretions collected from 14 adult patients (6 males and 8 females) with common colds. Elastase concentration and fibrinolytic activity increased about three days after the onset of the colds, and there was a significant correlation between both values (p less than 0.01). Trypsin-like protease activity was very low. Of all serum protease inhibitors, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor could not be detected, and alpha 2-macroglobulin could be detected in only two cases. Variation of alpha 1-antitrypsin value was very similar to that of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and there was a significant correlation between alpha 1-antitrypsin and elastase (p less than 0.001). Phoretic patterns of crossed immuneelectrophoresis revealed the presence of alpha 1-antitrypsin-protease complex. alpha-protease inhibitors are major serum protease inhibitors in nasal secretions of persons with colds, and inhibit excess proteolytic activity of serine proteases. This protection is considered to be one of the major factors in preventing irreversible mucosal change.
Adult↗
[Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck--a clinical study of 27 cases].
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is frequently seen in the salivary glands, but may occur at other sites in the head and neck. We report 27 patients with ACC treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mie University School of Medicine, for 15 years. The survival rate dropped from 78% at five years to 36% at 10 years. This suggests that the long-term prognosis of ACC is poor. According to Batsakis, we classified ACC according to histopathology and emphasize that the solid cellular pattern had the worst prognosis.
Adolescent↗
Immunological response to outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with acute sinusitis.
The immunological response of 30 patients with acute sinusitis was examined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed to detect antibodies against outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus influenzae. Using this ELISA, we found that 15 patients had slight increases in specific antibody in their convalescent serum. Maxillary sinus secretions from 15 patients had specific antibodies. IgG and IgA antibodies were detected with equal frequency, but IgA antibody was often found in maxillary sinus secretions while it was absent from serum. Thus it appears that patients with acute sinusitis respond systemically and locally with the specific antibody to H. influenzae.
Acute Disease↗
Pathophysiological condition of the nose of asthmatic children with subclinical nasal allergy.
Nasal mucociliary transport time, nasal hypersensitivity to histamine, the number of basophils and eosinophils in the superficial mucous layer of the inferior turbinate, and the amount of histamine in the nasal secretion were measured in the asthmatic children with subclinical nasal allergy (asthma group). These results were compared with those in nasal allergic patients with nasal symptoms (nasal allergy group). Saccharin time did not show any significant difference between the asthma and nasal allergy group. The threshold for nasal hypersensitivity to histamine was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the nasal allergy group. Accumulation of basophils and eosinophils in the superficial mucous layer of the inferior turbinate were observed in both groups. There was a statistical correlation between the number of basophils and the number of eosinophils in the superficial nasal mucosa in the nasal allergy group, but not in the asthma group. These data suggest that basophilic cell function in the superficial mucous layer in the nose is of greater significance in the development of nasal symptoms in response to nasal allergy than either mucociliary activity or nasal mucosal hypersensitivity to histamine.
Adolescent↗
[Clinical study of HCFU in combination with irradiation therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck].
Sixty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were administered a mean total dose of 75.9 g carmofur (HCFU) in combination with a mean total dose of 49.0 Gy irradiation therapy. The primary sites of cancer were: larynx 29 cases, oral cavity 11 cases, nasal and paranasal cavity 7 cases, hypopharynx 5 cases, nasopharynx 5 cases, epipharynx 3 cases, and others 2 cases. The clinical stages were: stage I II cases, stage II 15 cases, stage III 17 cases, and stage IV 19 cases. In 57 evaluable patients having measurable lesions, overall response rate, including 26 complete responses (CR) and 16 partial responses (PR), was 73.7%. Average doses of HCFU were 13.1 g at PR, 27.8 g at CR, and those of irradiation were 27.7 Gy at PR, 48.5 Gy at CR. The median duration of PR was 44.8 weeks and that of CR was 47.0 weeks, the overall response interval being 47.7 weeks. Of the 62 patients, 25 (40.3%) complained of side effects including pollakisuria (9 cases), appetite loss (6 cases), stomatitis (5 cases), and so on.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Significance of lysosomal proteases; cathepsins B and H in maxillary mucosa and nasal polyp with non-atopic chronic inflammation.
Tissue extracts from maxillary mucosa (MM) and nasal polyp (NP) with non-atopic chronic inflammation were applied to DEAE-Sepharose, and hydrolytic activity of lysosomal proteases (cathepsins B and H) was measured by the fluorometric assay. Hydrolytic activity of cathepsins B and H in MM, of which cathepsin B was a major one, was about 3.5 times as high as that in NP. Protein composition resembled in both extracts except for several apparent protein bands with high molecular weight observed in NP. These results suggest that in MM with chronic inflammation, mucosal destruction induced by excess lysosomal granuloproteases overwhelming protease inhibitors would occur, being much related to the formation of its irreversible lesion.
Cathepsin B↗
[Pathogenesis of upper respiratory viral infection in protein deficient chickens].
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Animals↗
Purification and characterization of tissue-type plasminogen activator in maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) was purified from maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation and compared with urokinase. Purification procedure consisted of the extraction from delipidated mucosa with 0.3M potassium acetate buffer (pH 4.2), 66% saturation of ammonium sulfate, zinc chelate-Sepharose, concanavalin A-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatographies. The molecular weight of the TPA was approximately 58,000 +/- 3,000. Its activity was enhanced in the presence of fibrin and was quenched by placental urokinase inhibitor, but not quenched by anti-urokinase antibody. The TPA made no precipitin line against anti-urokinase antibody, while urokinase did. All these findings indicate that the TPA in maxillary mucosa with chronic inflammation is immunologically dissimilar to urokinase and in its affinity for fibrin.
Adult↗
[Superselective continuous intra-arterial infusion therapy via superficial temporal artery for head and neck tumors].
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Aged↗
Interaction between mucociliary transport and the ciliary beat of chicken nasal mucosa.
We studied the relationship between the mucociliary transport time and the ciliary beat frequency in the chicken nares following water deprivation and topical administrations of cocaine, atropine, and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Dehydration produced progressive decelerations of mucociliary flow but not ciliary beat frequency. In vivo 5% cocaine resulted in decreased sinus mucociliary transport time, while application of 20% cocaine to in vitro tissues caused ciliary paralysis within 5 min. Topical atropine was seen to affect both mucociliary flow and the ciliary beat frequency. NDV infection induced deceleration of the turbinate clearance time after 72 h, but did not change ciliary beat frequency. By day 12, mucociliary flow remained unchanged although ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly. Our results support the general concept that mucus is more important than are the cilia in normal nasal mucociliary function.
Animals↗
Antibody assay of rabbit sera for outer membrane vesicles of Haemophilus influenzae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against outer membrane vesicles (OMV) antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b. In this ELISA system, IgG antibody titers were about 40 fold higher than those in indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). The IgG antibody titers by this ELISA of rabbit sera obtained after immunization were comparable with those by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of the same sera. A significant correlation was established between these two assays (r = 0.973, P less than 0.001).
Animals↗
Partial purification and characterization of the tissue plasminogen activator in nasal mucosa and nasal polyp.
Tissue plasminogen activator was partially purified from the inferior turbinate and nasal polyp, and its biochemical properties were investigated. Similar TPA peak positions were seen in the gel filtration chromatography of both tissues, and the molecular weight was approximately 65,000, which was comparable to TPA of pig heart (55,000-60,000). Activity of TPA from inferior turbinate was higher than that from nasal polyp. TPA from both tissues was completely inhibited by trans-aminomethyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid, dithiothreitol, and diisopropylfluorophosphate and had similar inhibition profiles to TPA from pig heart. All these findings indicate that TPA from both tissues is undoubtedly a plasminogen-activating enzyme and serine-type protease and would be biochemically identical.
Chromatography, Gel↗