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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohtsuki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohtsuki.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Ileal lymphoma in swine.

Eleven cases of alimentary lymphoma affecting the ileum were observed among 26 cases of swine lymphoma detected by meat inspection in Kochi, Japan. The ileal lymphomas were located in the Peyer's patches, along with early involvement of regional lymph nodes, and showed a characteristic pattern of follicular invasion leading to diffuse growth. Following the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation, 10 neoplasms were classified as diffuse, large, noncleaved cell lymphomas and one neoplasm was a diffuse, mixed, small to large cell lymphoma. Both types of lymphoma featured numerous intermingled "starry sky" histiocytes. The lymphoma cells tended to infiltrate into the muscular layer of the ileum in an "Indian file" pattern. Two cases also showed transserosal metastasis into the abdomen and leukemic change. The lymphoma cells showed membrane positivity for alkaline phosphatase and diffuse cytoplasmic staining for acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. Monoclonal intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins were demonstrated in nine neoplasms (IgM-lambda in seven, IgG-lambda in one, and IgG-kappa in one). In the areas of follicular invasion, an attenuated network of follicular dendritic cells was visualized via an antiserum against the beta subunit of S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally, strands of dilatated rough endoplasmic reticulum and scattered or clustered dense bodies were noted. When compared with feline and human alimentary lymphoma, including Burkitt's lymphoma, the present neoplasms possessed distinctive features, such as originating in Peyer's patches, transserosal metastasis, and predominantly large B cell type with IgM-lambda type immunoglobulin expression, although some features were similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Primary splenic lymphoma in a horse.

A well-demarcated solitary splenic mass (20 x 20 x 15 cm in size) containing hemorrhagic and necrotic foci was observed in a 4-year-old Thoroughbred stallion. Histologically, the mass consisted of lymphoma cells of the diffuse large non-cleaved type, with a high mitotic index and scattered macrophages that formed a starry sky pattern. The lymphoma cells revealed diffuse positivity for acid phosphatase and alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase, and were also positive for intracytoplasmic IgM on occasion, and mostly for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Ultrastructural examination revealed moderately-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum sometimes with dilated cisternae. Thus, the diagnosis was a primary splenic lymphoma of B cell origin, but the exact reason for the absence of invasive growth or metastasis despite the high proliferative activity of this neoplasm was unclear.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Localized polyarteritis nodosa in the forearm and epididymis.

We report localized polyarteritis nodosa in a 31-year-old man who had painful nodules in the left forearm and scrotum. Histopathological findings of both tissues revealed distinct arteritis. However, he had no clinical evidence of any systemic disease. We finally diagnosed this case as a localized polyarteritis nodosa occurring in both the left forearm and epididymis. This form of polyarteritis nodosa has not been reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with bilateral pulmonary arterial thrombosis found at autopsy].

A 73-year-old woman admitted to the hospital with dyspnea on exertion. Chest radiography revealed a diffuse interstitial shadow; PaO2 was 72 Torr, and PaCO2 was 41 Torr. Laboratory examination results were compatible with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Prednisolone relieved the dyspnea, but tapering of the drug led to a recurrence of this symptom. Pulse therapy was started and azathioprine was added to the corticosteroid. Over the course of 6 months of treatment, the patient's respiratory function remained fairly stable. Then respiratory distress was induced by an attack of atrial fibrillation, with relief provided by anti-arrhythmic drugs and large doses of corticosteroids. The patient died suddenly 3 weeks later. An autopsy revealed large thrombi in both pulmonary arteries with 90% stenosis. Parts of the thrombi were organized, which suggests that 2-3 weeks had elapsed since initial thrombus formation. Histological examination of lung tissue showed usual interstitial pneumonia. Pulmonary thromboembolism should be considered in patients with IPF if respiratory distress suddenly and unexpectedly worsens.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Relationship between two types of organization in idiopathic organizing pneumonia and their clinical features].

Idiopathic organizing pneumonia (OP) was classified pathologically into two types, and the clinical profiles were compared. Cases in which fibrin in Masson bodies, alpha-sm-actin and m-actin antibodies were negative were regarded as type I (14 cases), and those in which they were positive as type II (7 cases). No significant differences in age and sex were observed between the two groups. As to clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, dyspnea and CRP positivity were observed more frequently and inflammatory reactions were stronger, in type II than in type I. The two groups could not be distinguished by chest X-ray findings. With regard to treatments and outcome, chest X-ray shadows disappeared completely after steroid therapy in type I, and no deaths occurred despite recurrence in some cases. In type II, chest X-ray shadows partially remained in all cases even after steroid therapy, recurrence was rare, and death occurred in some cases due to exacerbations of the initial episode. These observations suggest that there are two pathological types of OP and that the differences in clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, treatments, and prognosis between the two types must be taken into consideration in treating OP.

Actins↗
PubMed1993

Prophylaxis against a Melanesian variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in rabbits using HTLV-I immune globulin from asymptomatically infected Japanese carriers.

Molecular variants of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), which diverge significantly from the so-called cosmopolitan prototypes, have been discovered in Melanesia. In this study, HTLV-I IgG (I-IgG) prepared from seropositive healthy Japanese carriers was evaluated for its protective effect against a Melanesian isolate, HTLV-IMEL5, in rabbits. Normal IgG (N-IgG) prepared from seronegative healthy Japanese was used as control. Both preparations contained 50 mg/mL of IgG and I-IgG had a high neutralizing antibody titer, as determined by vesicular stomatitis virus--HTLV-I pseudotype assay. Of four experimental groups (A, B, C, and D), each with three rabbits, groups A and B were infused with 10 mL of N-IgG and I-IgG, respectively, and animals were challenged immediately by transfusion of 5 mL of blood from a rabbit infected with HTLV-IMEL5. Animals in groups C and D were immunized with 10 mL of I-IgG 24 and 48 hours, respectively, after being transfused with 5 mL of blood from the virus-infected rabbit. HTLV-I infection, as determined by seroconversion and verified by polymerase chain reaction, occurred in all rabbits in groups A and D after 2 to 6 weeks, but in none of the animals in groups B and C. These data indicate that I-IgG is protective against HTLV-IMEL5 infection when administered before or within 24 hours of transfusion with virus-contaminated blood. Moreover, our study shows that the neutralizing domains of the so-called cosmopolitan and Melanesian strains of HTLV-I are functionally indistinguishable.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

High-risk human papillomavirus infections and overexpression of p53 protein as prognostic indicators in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

Ninety Japanese patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were investigated for tumor incorporation of DNA for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, and 33 by in situ hybridization with biotinylated DNA probes. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein expression was performed with an antibody to p53 protein. Twenty-eight tumors were positive for HPV DNA, and multiple HPV infection was detected in 17 cases. Positive nuclear staining of cancer cells by the antibody to p53 protein was detected in 32 cases. DNA for HPV 16, 18, and/or 33 and the overexpression of p53 protein were simultaneously observed in 6 tumors by using a mirror section method. The overexpression of p53 protein was frequently detected in invasive and nonpapillary tumors (P < 0.05) and in high grade tumors (P < 0.05). In contrast, HPV infection was more common in noninvasive and papillary tumors (P < 0.01). The patients with tumors positive for HPV DNA and/or p53 antibody had a significantly worse survival rate (P < 0.05). These results suggest that HPV infection or overexpression of p53 protein may be related to tumor behavior and may indicate a relatively poor prognosis in patients with transitional cell carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic significance of human papillomavirus genomes (type-16, -18) and aberrant expression of p53 protein in human esophageal cancer.

The presence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA or of increased expression of the p53 protein were determined in 71 patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) by in situ hybridization with biotinylated DNA probes for HPV-16, -18, -31 and -33, and immunohistochemical techniques using antibody to p53 protein. Of 71 patients from Kochi prefecture, 24 (Group I) were positive for HPV DNA, including 10 for HPV type-16 and 14 for HPV type-18; in contrast, none were positive for HPV-31 or -33. Of the remaining 47 patients, 24 (Group II) showed positive nuclear staining in cancer cells with p53 antibody. The group of 23 patients with neither HPV nor p53 expression (Group III) had a significantly better survival rate than Group I or II. These results suggest that HPV-16 and -18 may play a role in the pathogenesis of esophageal SCC, particularly with regard to its striking geographical distribution; that esophageal cancers do occur in the absence of HPV infection when over-expression of p53 is present; and that the presence of HPV infection and over-expression of p53 may each be a factor indicating a relatively poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Central nervous system involvement of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma with multinucleated giant cells in the brain, skin, and kidney.

BACKGROUND: A case of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) with multinucleated giant cells (MNGC) is presented. METHODS: A 48-year-old woman with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibody titer had multiple focal brain symptoms and skin eruptions without lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or increased abnormal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. No spastic paraparesis of the lower limbs was found. The encephalopathy was progressive, and she died 5 months later despite repeated intrathecal administration of methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and prednisolone and monthly systemic chemotherapy with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone. RESULTS: Postmortem examinations identified unusual ATLL lesions composed of marked infiltrations of atypical mononuclear cells and bizarre MNGC with histiocytic granulomatous reactions in the leptomeninges, brain tissues along the Virchow-Robin spaces, skin, and kidney. Immunohistochemical stains confirmed the T-cell nature of such mononuclear cells and partially T-cell and partially macrophage nature of the MNGC, although no evidence of HTLV-I expression was found. CONCLUSIONS: ATLL presenting with CNS symptoms is rare. It was assumed that the direct cytopathic effects of HTLV-I were responsible for the formation of the MNGC after considering the similarity with MNGC in encephalopathy caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.

Brain↗
PubMed1993

Establishment and characterization of a new human clear-cell sarcoma cell-line, HS-MM.

We have established and morphologically characterized a new human clear-cell sarcoma cell-line, HS-MM, from the pleural effusion of a 39-year-old man with pulmonary metastasis derived from the primary popliteal tumour. The HS-MM cells were round or spindle-shaped, with round nuclei containing extremely prominent nucleoli. Light microscopically, the heterotransplanted nude mouse tumours showed essentially the same features as those of the original sarcoma, revealing an alveolar pattern of tumour cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. Both in vitro and in vivo, the cells reacted with anti-S-100 protein and melanoma-specific HMB 45 antibodies by immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained round euchromatin-rich nuclei with large nucleoli revealing conspicuous nucleolonema, and a large amount of glycogen and a few lysosomal dense bodies, but no premelanosomes in their cytoplasm. The HS-MM cell line was thus fully proven to exhibit the unique characteristics of a clear sarcoma both in vitro and in vivo, being also compatible with an amelanotic melanoma. This cell line will therefore be extremely useful for clinicopathological and histogenetic studies on clear cell sarcomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Distribution of S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells and expression of HLA-DR antigen in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in relation to tumour progression and prognosis.

The distribution of S-100 protein positive dendritic cells (S100-DCs) in cancer nests and the expression of HLA-DR antigen on cancer cells in 90 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were studied immunohistochemically. A dense infiltrate of S100-DCs (more than 10 S100-DCs/high power field) was detected in 47 out of 90 cases, while in the remaining tumours the infiltrate was sparse. HLA-DR positive cancer cells (DR-CCs) were detected in 24 cases, including 16 with dense DR-CCs (more than 100 DR-CCs/high power field); no expression was observed in the remaining tumours. In terms of the numbers of S100-DCs infiltrating the following statistically significant differences were observed: tumour grading G1 > G3, depth of penetration pT0 > pT3; (p < 0.05), G2 > G3, lymphatic invasion - > + and venous invasion - > +; (p < 0.01). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the most important factor affecting prognosis was distant organ and/or lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01) the number of S100-DCs, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.26 (p < 0.01), and the number of DR-CCs with HR of 0.18 (p < 0.05); these were statistically significant. S100-DCs and DR-CCs may be regarded as independent prognostic factors of tumour growth and progression.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Morphological characterization of a new human epithelioid sarcoma cell line, ES020488, in vitro and in vivo.

A new human epithelioid sarcoma cell line (ES020488) was established from a cutaneous metastasis in 26-year-old man, and was morphologically characterized in vitro and in vivo by comparison with the original tumor. The ES020488 cells showed a male karyotype ranging from 39 to 83 chromosomes, with various abnormalities but no specific pattern. The cells were round, polygonal or spindle-shaped with abundant cytoplasm and round nuclei containing prominent nucleoli; they proliferated in a sheet-like pattern. Tumors transplanted into nude mice revealed essentially the same features as the original tumor. Both in vitro and in vivo, the cells immunohistochemically expressed vimentin, cytokeratin, and EMA, but not desmin and S-100 protein. Ultrastructural study revealed irregular or round nuclei containing abundant euchromatin and prominent nucleoli, many intermediate filaments running irregularly or around the nucleus, and a number of filopodia-like processes. ES020488 cells were thus proven to retain and exhibit the unique morphological characteristics of an epithelioid sarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. These cells are possibly derived from synovioblastic mesenchyme.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cutaneous plexiform schwannoma in a pig.

A plexiform schwannoma (PFS) observed as a solitary mass in the dermis of a 6-month-old pig consisted of schwannoma cells of Antoni A type and B type. Neoplastic cells in Antoni A type areas sometimes showed cord-like outgrowths or a neurofibromatous pattern. Neoplastic cells in Antoni B type areas showed erythrophagocytosis, some encircling the microvasculature. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein and vimentin. Peripheral parts of the nodules were cytokeratin (clone AE1/AE3)-positive, as in normal swine perineurial cells. Double immunostaining clearly demonstrated neoplastic cells doubly positive for both S-100 protein and cytokeratin, suggesting that S-100-positive Schwann cells and cytokeratin-positive perineurial cells are functional variants of the same cell type. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells in Antoni A type areas possessed characteristics of Schwann cells, such as cytoplasmic interdigitation, external laminae and intercellular junctions. At the periphery of the nodules, features of perineurial cells were detected. Neoplastic cells in Antoni B type areas seemed to be undergoing degenerative processes similar to those in Antoni A type regions and they contained many lysosomes. The neoplasm was generally similar in both location and histology to that seen in man, but there were some histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural differences. This is the first reported case of PFS in domestic animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A human T cell line with an abnormal trisomy 2 karyotype established by coculture of peripheral lymphocytes with an HTLV-II-infected simian leukocyte cell line.

A new human T cell line with a chromosomal abnormality (47,XY,+2), designated AS-IIA, was established by coculturing peripheral blood leukocytes of a healthy adult male with a lethally irradiated human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II)-infected simian leukocyte cell line (Si-IIA). A polymerase chain reaction method showed that this interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent cell line possessed the HTLV-II provirus genome; the cells also reacted with HTLV-II-positive human sera, anti-HTLV-I/II p24, and anti-HTLV-II gp46 antibodies. AS-IIA cells expressed the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell markers CD3+, CD4-, CD8+, CD25+, and HLA-DR+, with later conversion to CD8-. These cells showed better proliferation than other human HTLV-II-infected cell lines with normal karyotypes, but were not transplantable into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Virus production from AS-IIA was confirmed not only by electron microscopic examination, which revealed mature and immature type C virus particles, but also by the capacity of the line to immortalize human T cells. These results suggest that HTLV-II shows broad tropism for T cells including CD4+ or CD8+, and that not only Si-IIA, but also AS-IIA, are good sources of HTLV-II. The authors of the present study believe that AS-IIA may be a useful human T cell line for the investigation of HTLV-II in comparison with HTLV-I.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Heterotopic splenic tissue in the liver of a swine.

A heterotopic splenic tissue (HST) was observed in the diaphragmatic face of the right hepatic lobe of a 6-month-old, female mixed bred swine. Macroscopically, HST was a solitary, well-demarcated intrahepatic nodule, 1 x 0.5 x 0.5 cm in size. Other organs including original spleen showed no macropathological abnormalities. Histological findings of HST were essentially similar to those of the original spleen, receiving feeding blood vessels from hepatic portal vein. To our knowledge, the present case is the first report of HST in the liver not only of domestic animals but also of man.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic significance of simultaneous infiltration of HLA-DR-positive dendritic cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes into human esophageal carcinoma.

The distribution of HLA-DR-positive dendritic cells (DR+DCs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was investigated in 67 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. DR+DCs were chiefly present among the cancer cell nests, and few were seen in the stroma. As clusters, UCHL-1-positive T-cells (UCHL1-Ts) were detected in the tissue around the cancer cell nests and as individual cells within tumor nests. Some UCHL1-Ts in the tumor nests showed direct contact with DR+DCs. In addition, a few OPD4-positive helper/inducer T cells were found among cancer cells, and were densely present in the stroma. A correlation was demonstrated between the number of DR+DCs and UCHL1-Ts in each patient (R = 0.4547, p < 0.01). In addition, dense tumor infiltration by both DR+DCs and UCHL1-Ts within the cancer cell nests was related to a better prognosis (p < 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical and pathological studies of organizing pneumonia].

Clinical and pathological studies on organizing pneumonia (OP) were performed in 16 cases diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). All patients were elderly and poorly-nourished with underlying disease, and suffered from fever and various respiratory symptoms. Results of laboratory studies in these cases were positive for C-reactive protein, negative for tuberculin reaction and showed high complement levels. Pathological findings demonstrated that there were two kinds of organizing process classified according to whether fibrin exudation was detected in Masson bodies or not. Twelve of the 16 cases were treated with prednisolone, and two cases were observed without administration. In nine of the 16 cases, abnormal shadows in chest X-ray disappeared, although abnormal shadows remained in five. Regarding the relationship between pathological findings and shadows in chest X-ray, Masson bodies without fibrin were observed in nine cases in which abnormal shadows in chest X-ray disappeared, but Masson bodies containing fibrin were observed in five cases in which abnormal shadows remained. These results suggest that there are two kinds of organizing process in OP. Steroid therapy tends to be ineffective in OP demonstrating organization containing fibrin caused probably by infection. However, prednisolone is effective in the OP associated with a fibrosing process, similar to idiopathic BOOP, without or with unrelated fibrin exudation of unknown origin.

Adult↗