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Biomedical subjects

Y Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kojima.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Endoscopic ultrasonography of gastric myogenic tumor. A comparative study between histology and ultrasonography.

In order to find a correspondence between the sonographic findings of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and the histology of gastric myogenic tumors, histologic specimens (24 cases) and preoperative ultrasonograms (10 cases) were examined. Histologically, the incidence of necrosis within the tumor was more frequent and the area of necrosis was larger in leiomyosarcoma than in leiomyoma. Liquefaction necrosis was observed only in leiomyosarcoma. By EUS, myogenic tumors originating from the proper muscle were delineated as clearly demarcated hypoechoic tumors arising from the fourth layer. Irregularly shaped sonolucent areas within the tumor corresponded to liquefaction necrosis. Thus, sonolucent areas may be indicative of leiomyosarcoma.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Physiological identification and property of afferents from the masseter muscle to the caudal part of the trigeminal nucleus in rat.

The present study was to identify the physiological properties of the afferent fibers from the masseter muscle to the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of rat using a microelectrode technique. When electrical stimulation was applied to the masseter muscle, the evoked potentials were recorded with a shorter latency (the S-response) or a longer latency (the L-response). The threshold current intensity of the S-response was lower than that of the L-response. There were statistical significant differences between the S-response and the L-response in latency and in threshold current intensity. Both the S- and L-responses could follow by stimulation of low frequencies (10 to 30 Hz), indicating that the evoked responses were the component of the secondary neuron activities. On the anatomical and physiological assumption, the conduction velocities of the S- and the L-responses were calculated and they were in the range of that of A-delta fibers. We also observed that both the S- and the L-responses could not follow high frequency stimulation of the masseter muscle. This effect may reflect the phenomenon of fatigue in the finely myelinated fibers or polymodal nociceptors. Thus, the present study suggested the involvement of the afferents from the masseter muscle to the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the transmission and the relay of the masticatory muscle pain.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1989

[Significance of "on-off phonation test" to detect oral diadochokinesia in dysarthric patients].

Oral diadochokinetic abilities in 6 patients with ataxic dysarthria (ATAXICs), 6 with spastic dysarthria (SPASTICs), 3 with parkinsonism (PARKINs), and 6 normal subjects (NORMALs) were investigated using repetition of monosyllable /pa/ and "on-off phonation test" in which they had been requested to repeat interrupted vowel /a/ as fast as possible. Oscillographic as well as photographic records of the speech acoustic signal were obtained to analyse interval for a syllable, which consisted of voiced and unvoiced intervals, and peak-value of voiced interval. The results were as follows: 1) ATAXICs and SPASTICs showed prolonged interval for a syllable, yet that of PARKINs was within normal range, when tested either in /a/ or in /pa/. 2) Standard deviation and coefficient of variation for intervals of syllable and those of peak-values in voiced interval could not distinguish their characteristics among ATAXICs, SPASTICs, and PARKINs. 3) In "on-off phonation test", ATAXICs showed prolonged unvoiced intervals, while SPASTICs did prolonged voiced intervals. Results suggested that hypotonic laryngeal muscles in ATAXICs might result in prolongation of unvoiced interval, but that prolonged voiced interval related to biased hypertonus of laryngeal adductor. It is concluded that "on-off phonation test" could, with reasonable sensitivity, reflect the phonatory dynamics of laryngeal muscles in dysarthric patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Uncommon calcification of a pheochromocytoma: a case report].

A 62-year-old man with a 2-year history of hypertension was referred for evaluation of severe back pain, but his blood pressure was normal during his hospital stay. Plain radiography and excretory urography demonstrated central and eggshell-like calcification in the left suprarenal area. Computed tomographic scan confirmed similar shapes for the left adrenal calcifications. Laboratory examination revealed that the urinary normetanephrine was elevated. Left adrenal venography showed that the mass was in the middle to lower portion of the left adrenal gland. The most likely diagnosis was, calcified pheochromocytoma. The left adrenal tumor was removed surgically through a thoracolumbar incision on September 19, 1985. The blood pressure rose to 186/102 mmHg at the time of tumor manipulation. The tumor was a markedly hard mass, which was 3.5 x 3.5 x 3.0 cm and weighed 20 g. The histopathologic diagnosis was calcified pheochromocytoma. The patient remained symptomless after the operation.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[A study on gastric and small intestinal aberrant pancreas by endoscopic ultrasonography--with special reference to comparison with histological appearance].

To obtain characteristic findings of gastrointestinal aberrant pancreas by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), we made comparison between endoscopic ultrasonograms and histological findings in 5 cases (6 lesions) of resected gastric aberrant pancreas and 1 case (1 lesion) of small intestinal one. By EUS, gastrointestinal aberrant pancreases were delineated as hypoechoic masses with blurred boundary containing fine scattered hyperechoic spots, and also there were thickening of the fourth layer below the mass. Occasionally, there were some duct-like structures within the mass or marginal lobular structures. Moreover, the ultrasonographic patterns of aberrant pancreases were classified into 2 types, that is, M and S types. On histological examination, M type cases, in which the mass attached to the thickened fourth layer by EUS, were corresponded to acinar type and the pancreatic acinar cells penetrated into the proper muscle layer of the gastrointestinal wall, whereas S type cases, in which the mass was separated from the fourth layer, to ductal or mixed type. We conclude, therefore, that not only making the accurate diagnosis of aberrant pancreas but also drawing an inference of its histological type might become possible by EUS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Role of X-ray computed tomography in the staging of cervical carcinoma].

X-ray computed tomography (CT) was performed in 132 cases of untreated cervical carcinoma, and the CT findings were compared with operative findings and pathological specimens in surgically treated cases, and with post-therapeutic CT findings in irradiated cases. The results were as follows: 1) The cervical image was significantly (p less than 0.01) enlarged in the group in which the diameter of the cancer in the specimen was greater than 2.0 cm. Accordingly, a cervical area exceeding 12.6 cm2 was classified as enlargement of the cervix. 2) With respect to parametrial invasion in surgically proven cases (176 parametrial), the diagnostic value of CT was indicated by a sensitivity of 58%, a specificity of 90%, and an accuracy of 83%. 3) In detecting paravaginal and vesical involvement, CT was superior to conventional diagnostic methods, and the accuracy of CT in the detection of vesical involvement was 96% in surgically treated cases. 4) The diagnostic value of CT in evaluating lymph node metastases in surgically confirmed cases was indicated by a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 88%; although the sensitivity was only 29%, when lymph node images with a maximum diameter exceeding 2.0 cm were regarded as metastases. The above findings indicate that CT provides greater accuracy in the staging of cervical carcinoma, when used with conventional methods.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1989

[Benign ureteral polyps in a child].

A case of benign ureteral polyps at ureteropelvic junction in a 9-year-old boy is reported. He was hospitalized with episodes of gross hematuria and left flank pain. An excretory urogram showed the left hydronephrosis due to the ureteropelvic junction obstruction. At exploration, we found two polyps at the left ureteropelvic junction. Partial ureterectomy including the polyps and pyeloplasty were performed. Pathological examination showed fibrovascular polyps of the ureter. The patient still remains symptomless for one year after the operation with no signs of recurrent ureteral polyps.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Risk factors in relation to postoperative complications in patients undergoing esophagectomy or gastrectomy for cancer.

To clarify the risk factors contributing to postoperative complications in the elderly patients (over 70 years) undergoing esophagectomy and/or gastrectomy, 364 patients with primary cancer seen were evaluated. As a result, some characteristic patterns of stress response in the elderly could be detected as follows: the disorders of the vital organs were more important indices for the development of postoperative complications rather than age, and a reduction in the maximum response of the stress hormones to surgical procedures in aged patients was noted; moreover, the functional variability of target organ in the aged group was confirmed. Studies on the hormonal response to surgery suggest that the restriction of fluid replacement is advisable until the third postoperative day, maintaining the host on the dry side, to prevent cardiopulmonary complications. As the nutritional status in the patients with esophageal and gastric cancer goes from bad to worse with the advancing clinical stages, adequate perioperative nutrition is imperative to prevent complications such as anastomotic leakage, wound dehiscence, and/or infections. For the treatment of anastomotic leaks after esophagectomy and esophagogastrectomy, more than 45 kcal/kg/d must be provided, and the serum albumin level must be restored to 3.5 g/dL in order to achieve spontaneous healing of small anastomotic leakages.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Metabolic reduction of acetohexamide in rat kidney: sex difference and effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

The acetohexamide reductase activity in 10000 x g supernatant fluids of kidney homogenates was significantly higher in male than in female rats. Although difference in activity of acetohexamide reductase in the cytosol between the sexes was not observed, the activity in the microsomes was considerably higher in male than in female rats. These findings indicate that the microsomal enzyme plays an important role in the sex difference of acetohexamide reduction by 10000 x g supernatant fluids of kidney homogenates. The sensitivities to inhibitors of microsomal acetohexamide reductase were different from those of cytosolic acetohexamide reductase. Furthermore, streptozotocin-induced diabetes significantly decreased acetohexamide reductase activity only in the kidney microsomes of male rats, resulting in the abolishment of the sex difference of acetohexamide reduction by 10000 x g supernatant fluids of kidney homogenates.

Acetohexamide↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of water-electrolyte metabolism in patients with upper GI tract cancer--the dynamic status of secretion of alpha-hANP levels].

For the purpose of evaluation of the water-electrolyte metabolism in upper GI tract surgery, I measured alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) and other parameters of twenty-eight patients daily for seven days after operation. The subjects were divided in four groups as follows; 6 r-thoracal and abdominal esophagectomy (r-TA group); 4 l-thoracoabdominal total gastrectomy (1-TA group), 8 abdominal total gastrectomy (TMR group) and 10 partial gastrectomy (PMR group). Plasma alpha hANP levels in r-TA group were significantly higher than those in PMR group on the first, second, third and seventh postoperative days (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, those in 1-TA group were also significantly higher compared to those in PMR group on the second and seventh postoperative days (p less than 0.05). Significant correlation between plasma alpha hANP level and water balance was detected in transabdominal groups (TMR, PMR). However, this correlation was not found in thoracoabdominal groups (r-TA, l-TA). There was no correlation among alpha hANP level, heart rate and blood pressure. Serum and urinary Na/K ratio was lower in r-TA group, l-TA group, TMR group, and PMR group in descending order. Consequently, plasma alpha hANP level plays an important role in water-electrolyte metabolism during the perioperative period. A good group of the dynamic status of the secretion of alpha hANP levels might be a very useful index for the evaluation of the magnitude of surgical stress.

Aged↗