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Biomedical subjects

Y Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kojima.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[The correlation between plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide levels (ANP) and cardio-pulmonary function during the perioperative period of esophageal cancer].

The present study examined the influence of subtotal esophagectomy through r-thoracal and abdominal approach on plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and postoperative cardiopulmonary function using the Swan-Ganz Catheter in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. The cardiac output (CO), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide levels (ANP) were measured during the perioperative period till the 3rd day. Subjects were divided into 2 groups by preoperative PVR values, those over 100 dynes.sec.cm-5 (PVR group), and those less than 100 dynes.sec.cm-5 (N group). Significant correlations were observed between ANP and CO (r = -0.63, P = 0.028), PVR (r = 0.66, P = 0.018), LVSWI (r = -0.71, P = 0.0009) and SVR (r = 0.71, P = 0.009) at 3 hours after operation. And the correlations between ANP and CO (r = 0.54, P = 0.049), PVR (r = -0.69, P = 0.019) and LVSWI (r = 0.65, P = 0.031) were observed on the 2nd POD. Moreover, the patients indicating high PVR values preoperatively showed significantly higher PVR values than those seen in the N group during the postoperative days. Postoperative complications were significantly seen in the PVR group. Primary water and sodium balance tended to be the higher accumulation in the PVR group than those of the N group, and the cardiovascular parameters in the PVR group revealed hypodynamic characteristics in the early period after the operation. With these results, it is suggested that perioperative fluid therapy and respiratory management should be performed more strictly in the PVR group.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Renal pelvic tumor in chronic renal failure: report of a case].

A 44-year-old female was admitted because of gross hematuria six years after beginning hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. There was a past history of hematuria one year before admission. Retrograde pyelography, computed tomographic scan and angiography had been performed, and a probable malignant tumor of left renal pelvis had been found in 1986. We recommended surgery at the time, but she refused treatment and was followed up. On June 22, 1987, the patient had a second attack of gross hematuria resulting in bladder tamponade, and hematuria from the left ureteric orifice was confirmed at cystoscopy. Ultrasound showed left obstructive nephropathy. Left nephrectomy was performed because of the presumptive diagnosis of malignant tumor. The histological diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma of the left renal pelvis. Two courses of M-VAC (methotiexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) chemotherapy were accordingly given postoperatively. The incidence of renal pelvic tumor and its chemotherapy in patients with chronic renal failure are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of postoperative hypertonic sodium infusion in the patients with total gastrectomy for gastric cancer].

In 17 patients with gastric cancer undergoing total gastrectomy, the effect of postoperative hypertonic sodium infusion were studied. The subjects were divided into 2 groups by concentration in the postoperative infusions. Group 1(Na group): over 5.0 mEq/Kg/day of sodium were infused in the postoperative days (POD). (End of operation to POD-4), Group 2 (Control group): 2.0-2.5 mEq/Kg/day of sodium (End of Op. to POD-1), 1.5-2.0 mEq/Kg/day (POD-2-4). 2.0-2.5 mEq/Kg/day were infused after POD-5 in both groups. In the Na group, NAG-Index, FENa and BUN were higher than those of control group. And cumulative primary Na balance (from end of operation to POD-5) indicated positive balance in Na group, and negative in control group. Furthermore, the cumulative infused sodium dose correlated with cumulated urinary sodium dose, potassium dose and cumulative NAG dose (from end of operation to POD-5). Significant difference was observed between two groups in urinary nitrogen. These findings suggest that the sodium dose in the postoperative infusion were suitable with 2.0-2.5 mEq/Kg/day.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Anatomical variation in mast cell nerve associations in the rat small intestine, heart, lung, and skin. Similarities of distances between neural processes and mast cells, eosinophils, or plasma cells in the jejunal lamina propria.

Several studies have indicated that mast cells occur in close proximity to enteric nerves in the gastrointestinal tract of rats, man, and other mammalian species, and such intimate associations have been proposed as one of the anatomical bases of communication between the immune and the nervous systems. However, the specificity of anatomical associations between enteric nerves and mast cells, as opposed to other bone marrow-derived or lymphoid cells normally present in mucosal sites, is unclear. We used transmission electron microscopy to quantify the distances between mast cells and neural processes (nerve terminals or axons) in the small intestinal mucosa, right atrium, skin, and pulmonary parenchyma of normal rats, and in the small intestinal mucosa and lung parenchyma of rats that had undergone hyperplasia of the mast cell populations in these sites as a result of infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In the jejunal mucosa of normal rats, 8.0% of mast cells occurred within 100 nm of neural processes and an additional 11.0% between 101 and 500 nm of these structures; the corresponding figures for eosinophils were 3.3% (N.S. vs. mast cell value) and 23.3% (p less than 0.05 vs. mast cell value) and for plasma cells were 8.5% and 14.6% (N.S. vs. mast cell values). In the right atrium, 1.2% of mast cells occurred within 100 nm and an additional 13.4% within 101 and 500 nm of neural processes, whereas no mast cells were observed within 500 nm of neural processes in the pulmonary parenchyma or ear skin. Infection with N. brasiliensis increased by 61% the proportion of mast cells within 500 nm of neural processes in the jejunal mucosa and resulted in the appearance of mast cells in close association with these structures in the jejunal muscularis propria, but had no effect on the proportion of mast cells within 100 or 500 nm of neural processes in the pulmonary parenchyma. Acetylcholine esterase staining demonstrated dense networks of neural processes in the three sites where some mast cells were closely associated with these structures (jejunal mucosa and muscularis, right atrium) but not in the pulmonary parenchyma or ear skin. Taken together, our findings indicate that mast cells occur in close proximity to neural processes in sites where these structures are abundant, but that anatomical associations as close as those between mast cells and neural processes can also occur between such structures and other bone marrow-derived cells (eosinophils) or lymphoid cells (plasma cells) resident in the small intestinal mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Aperiodic analysis of EEG in children during halothane anesthesia].

The difference according to age of EEG was studied during halothane and nitrous oxide anesthesia in 33 children ranging from neonate to 14 year old, using the Lifescan EEG Monitor (Neurometrics). The EEG of 12 infants younger than 6 months showed dominant slow waves, and did not show any activation with the stimulus induced by peritoneal retraction, while EEG of older children showed the high-voltage slow wave responding to such stimulus. Some of teen-agers showed the fast wave predominant response to such stimulus, which is observed in adults. When the EEG monitor is used to examine the depth of anesthesia, we always have to consider the differences according to age, especially in children.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Nerve supply to the posterior longitudinal ligament and the intervertebral disc of the rat vertebral column as studied by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. I. Distribution in the lumbar region.

The nerve supply to the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and the intervertebral disc (IVD) of the lumbar vertebra was investigated by acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme histochemistry in the rat. The meningeal branch of the spinal nerve (the sinuvertebral nerve) enters the vertebral canal and divides into ascending and descending branches which fuse with those from adjacent vertebrae. They give off transverse branches, connecting with those from the opposite side to form the superficial nerve fibre network in the intervertebral segment, which spreads to the vertebral segment of the PLL. Apart from this superficial nervous network, many nerve fibres enter through the posterolateral portion of the annulus fibrosus (AF) and form a dense, fine nerve fibre network in the deep layer of the intervertebral portion of the PLL and the superficial layer of the AF. Nerve fibres and terminals cannot be found in the deep layer of the AF or the nucleus pulposus. In the central part of the deeper nerve network there are few nerve terminals whereas there are abundant free nerve endings in the peripheral zones. It is suggested that these abundant nerve fibres may be correlated with various functions characteristic of this region and that they may be important in the regulation of movement and posture in the vertebral column.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

Nerve supply to the posterior longitudinal ligament and the intervertebral disc of the rat vertebral column as studied by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. II. Regional differences in the distribution of the nerve fibres and their origins.

Regional differences of the distribution and the origin of the nerve fibres of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and the intervertebral disc (IVD) were investigated by acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme histochemistry in the rat. The deeper nerve network was well-developed at the lower thoracic and the upper lumbar vertebral levels, but it was hardly seen at the mid-thoracic level. This difference can be correlated with the extensibility of the PLL. The experimental study revealed that the AchE-positive nerve fibres in the PLL and the IVD were mostly derived from the spinal ganglia, that the superficial nerve network was supplied by the spinal ganglia bilaterally and polysegmentally, and that the deeper nerve network was supplied bilaterally but unisegmentally.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

[A surgical case of cor triatriatum complicated by arterial multiple embolism in adult].

A 30 year old male developed sudden chest pain while driving his car and was subsequently admitted to our hospital. Cardiac catheterization and arteriography revealed multiple embolism in the right coronary artery, the right renal artery and the both popliteal arteries. Thrombus was also suspected in the left atrium by echocardiography. Emergent surgery was performed to prevent recurrence of embolism, IA type cor triatriatum (according to the Lucus-Schmidt classification) and 3 x 1 cm thrombus in the accessory chamber was found. The thrombus was extracted and the abnormal septum was satisfactorily resected. The postoperative course was favourable and the patient returned to the community after discharge. Cases of cor triatriatum complicated by multiple arterial embolism are very rare and have not been reported in Japan yet. For this reason we present this case with additional discussion from literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Influence of streptozocin-induced diabetes on reductive metabolism of acetohexamide in rat liver.

Streptozocin-induced diabetes significantly decreased acetohexamide reductase activity of 10,000 g supernatant of liver homogenates from both male and female rats. However, the decrease in activity from female rats was smaller than that from male rats, thereby eliminating the sex difference in the activity of the 10,000 g supernatant. In male rats, the diabetes markedly decreased acetohexamide reductase activity only in the microsomal fraction of liver homogenate, whereas in female rats, it decreased the activity only in the cytosolic fraction. These results indicate that the mechanism for the decreasing effect of the diabetes on reductive metabolism of acetohexamide in 10,000 g supernatant differs between male and female rats.

Acetohexamide↗
PubMed1989

Enhanced dopamine synthesis and release in vitro in the median eminence of rat hypothalamus are associated with involution of estradiol-induced pituitary tumors.

Changes in the functions of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons were investigated during the period when the involution of estradiol-induced PRL-secreting pituitary tumors was occurring. Dopamine synthesis and release in vitro by TIDA neurons were determined by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) accumulation in the median eminence and endogenous dopamine release from the median eminence, respectively. Three weeks after a single injection of 2 mg estradiol valerate into ovariectomized rats, there was a marked increase in the weight of anterior pituitaries and the concentration of serum PRL, but a decrease in K+-induced DOPA accumulation in vitro in the median eminence. Twelve weeks after estradiol treatment, by which time pituitary weights and PRL concentrations declined considerably, K+-induced DOPA accumulation in the median eminence rose 5-fold compared to that in control animals. This change in DOPA accumulation persisted for 24 weeks. Increases were observed at 12 weeks in K+-induced as well as basal and (Bu)2cAMP-induced DOPA accumulation in the median eminence. The increases in basal and (Bu2cAMP-induced DOPA accumulation were not altered by Ca2+ removal from medium. In parallel to the changes in DOPA accumulation, basal and K+-induced release in vitro of dopamine from the median eminence into the medium were decreased 3 weeks after estradiol treatment, but increased at 12 and, in part, 24 weeks. The increases in basal and K+-induced dopamine release were observed even after Ca2+ removal from medium. These results suggest that basal, extracellular Ca2+-dependent, and cAMP-dependent dopamine synthesis as well as basal and depolarization-induced dopamine release in TIDA neurons are stimulated during the period of involution of pituitary tumors associated with estradiol withdrawal.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

In vivo and in vitro binding of (-)-hydroxyhexamide, a major metabolite of acetohexamide, to rabbit serum.

The in vivo and in vitro bindings of (-)-hydroxyhexamide, a major metabolite of acetohexamide, to rabbit serum were examined by using an ultrafiltration method. The in vivo serum protein binding of (-)-hydroxyhexamide was much lower than the in vitro serum protein binding. The in vitro serum protein binding of (-)-hydroxyhexamide was strongly displaced by the addition of acetohexamide. Furthermore, the in vitro serum protein binding of (-)-hydroxyhexamide in the presence of acetohexamide and (-)-hydroxyhexamide at the same concentrations as those found 1.0 h after acetohexamide administration was approximately similar to the in vivo serum protein binding of (-)-hydroxyhexamide. These results lead us to conclude that acetohexamide, the parent drug of (-)-hydroxyhexamide, plays an important role in the in vivo serum protein binding of (-)-hydroxyhexamide.

Acetohexamide↗
PubMed1989

Stereoselective reduction of acetohexamide in cytosol of rabbit liver.

The stereoselective reduction of acetohexamide, an oral antidiabetic drug, was studied by using the cytosol of rabbit liver. A major metabolite of acetohexamide was isolated in 41.5% yield from the enzyme reaction mixture, and identified as (-)-hydroxyhexamide by techniques including the melting point, thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectrometry and optical rotation. The enantiomeric purity of (-)-hydroxyhexamide was determined on the basis of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (400 MHz) spectrum of ester (diasteromer) derived by the reaction of (-)-hydroxyhexamide with (R)-(+)-alpha-methoxy-alpha-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride. The (-)-hydroxyhexamide isolated from the enzyme reaction mixture was almost 100% in that enantiomeric form. The metabolic reduction of acetohexamide in the cytosol of rabbit liver appeared to be catalyzed by some enzymes with the same stereoselectivity.

Acetohexamide↗
PubMed1989

Further studies on reductive metabolism of acetohexamide in heart.

Species and sex differences of acetohexamide reductase activity were investigated using the cytosolic fraction of heart homogenate. The activity in the rabbit was considerably higher than that in the other species (guinea pig, hamster, rat and mouse). No sex difference of the activity was observed in any of the species tested. Ketone-containing drugs (daunorubicin, befunolol and levobunolol) other than acetohexamide were little reduced in the cytosol of rabbit heart. Some aldehyde reductase inhibitors (phenobarbital, valproate and chlorothiazide) were found to decrease the acetohexamide reductase activity in the cytosol of rabbit heart.

Acetohexamide↗
PubMed1989

The role of serial angiography in the management of bacterial and fungal intracranial aneurysms--report of two cases and review of the literature.

The authors review 149 cases of bacterial and mycotic intracranial aneurysms reported since 1957 and describe two cases of bacterial aneurysms managed in their institution. The overall mortality rate was 39%. Bacterial aneurysms accounted for 0.49-4.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Among the reported cases, the mortality rate for patients treated with antibiotics alone was high, whereas it was low among those who underwent elective surgery. The authors conclude the following: 1) Distal aneurysms should be treated with high-dose antibiotics and followed with serial cerebral angiography at 7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after the initiation of therapy; 2) proximal aneurysms should be treated with high-dose antibiotics, and surgery is rarely indicated; 3) any significant associated hematoma should be evacuated and the aneurysm resected, if possible; and 4) if serial angiography shows enlargement of an aneurysm, surgery should be considered. The clinical features and management of mycotic and bacterial aneurysms are discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome with spinal arteriovenous malformation--case report.

A 28-year-old female with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome associated with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the spinal cord is reported. She was admitted to our hospital with a 4-month history of steadily progressive weakness and dysesthesia of the legs. A nevus flammeus, varices, hypertrophy and elongation of the left leg had been present since her infancy. These symptoms progressed and she became unable to walk and pass water by herself. Myelography disclosed a spinal AVM extending from Th11 to L2. Angiography confirmed the presence of stretched and tortuous vessels as well as an arteriovenous shunt in the left leg. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a high-intensity area extending from Th10 to L2. Following laminectomy from Th10 to L2 and resection of the AVM, her motor and bladder functions worsened. However, 6 months later, her motor function improved to the preoperative state and the bladder dysfunction disappeared. The coexistence of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome with spinal AVM, considered to be rare, is discussed, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. The case presented here is the first to have been surgically treated in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

CP-78,545, a new monocarboxylic acid ionophore antibiotic related to zincophorin and produced by a Streptomyces.

A new monocarboxylic acid ionophore antibiotic related to zincophorin, CP-78,545 (1), was found in the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. N731-45. CP-78,545 was extracted with organic solvents and purified by column chromatography. The metabolite, which is active in vitro against certain Gram-positive bacteria, as well as the anaerobe Treponema hyodysenteriae, and a coccidium Eimeria tenella, was isolated as a water insoluble magnesium salt (2) in 2:1 (ligand/metal) stoichiometry. The structure of CP-78,545 was elucidated by spectroscopic (NMR and MS) methods, and the relative stereochemistry was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis of the cadmium salt (3). CP-78,545, i.e., 24-dehydrozincophorin, is unique since its molecular backbone contains a terminal double bond previously not found in other polyether ionophores.

Animals↗