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Biomedical subjects

Y Koike

Publications and source records attributed to Y Koike.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Clinical studies on cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)].

Cefroxadine dry syrup was administered to 57 children with acute febrile respiratory tract infections and 2 children with scarlet fever in the dose of 40 mg/kg/day q.i.d. for 2 approximately 7 days. 65 strains of organism were isolated as pathogen from the 59 patients, and 50 of the 65 strains (76.9%) showed bacteriologically good responses. Clinically, 55 children (93.2%) had good response. Out of 63 strains isolated from the 57 cases with respiratory infections, 48 strains (76.2%) showed good bacteriological response. As for the type of pathogen, all strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 86.4% of Streptococcus haemolyticus and 90.0% of Streptococcus pneumoniae had good response, but as for Haemophilus influenzae it was only 47.6%. In one child, Streptococcus pneumoniae appeared during cefroxadine treatment in addition to the preexisting Haemophilus influenza. From the 4 children having no response for their respiratory infections, H. influenzae were isolated in 3 cases and Streptococcus haemolyticus was isolated in 1 case, before starting the treatment. As for side effects, mild diarrhea developed in only 3 children.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1980

The body surface isopotential maps of the non-transmural infarctions--a simulation study of excitation spread in a ventricular model.

Simulation by a digital computer of excitation spread in a human ventricular model produced displays of body surface isopotential maps. Localization of model myocardial infarctions to non-transmural and transmural sites produced distinctive differences in these displayed isopotential maps. The body surface directly over the infarcted lesion was negative in potential only in the first half period of the QRS complex and then became positive. The model demonstrated that this later positive potential was due to delayed arrival of excitation to the subepicardial layer outside of the subendocardial lesion. While, in transmural infarction, the overlying body surface remained negative in potential throughout the QRS complex. It is expected that body surface isopotential maps will become clinically available and will permit helpful differential diagnoses between non-transumral and transmural myocardial infarctions.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

[Plasma catecholamine content in hypertensive subjects and spontaneously hypertensive rats using radioenzymatic assay (author's transl)].

The present experiments were undertaken to determine the plasma catecholamine content in normotensive, slightly hypertensive humans and spontaneously hypertensive rats using radioenzymatic assay. In addition, attempts were made to compare radioenzymatic assay with a fluorometric technique, using high performance liquid chromatography with respect to human plasma catecholamine content. Human plasma catecholamine content in normotensive subjects at rest was 250 +/- 61 pg/ml (mean +/- S.E.) for norepinephrine and 37 +/- 22 for epinephrine. Immediately after treadmill exercise, human plasma norepinephrine content significantly increased. In 14 patients with mild essential hypertension, plasma norepinephrine was 460 +2- 128 pg/ml with the subject in a supine position and 1030 +/- 151 in the case of treadmill exercise. Thus, there was a statistically significant difference. With regard to plasma catecholamine content in spontaneously hypertensive rats, the norepinephrine content was 816 pg/ml, epinephrine was 209 pg/ml and dopamine was 505 pg/ml, on an average. After comparing this method with the fluorometric technique using high performance liquid chromatography, we confirmed that the former requires much smaller sizes of samples and has much the same sensitivity as the latter.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of long-term administration and withdrawal of clonidine on activity of sympathetic efferent nerve unit in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Daily administration of clonidine for 5 weeks (approx. 300 micrograms/kg/day, p.o.) produced significant decreases in blood pressure and renal sympathetic efferent activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). After cessation of clonidine administration, blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity recovered rapidly from the depressed levels to the untreated control levels. These findings could indicate that clonidine-induced hypotension and its rapid recovery to control after withdrawal of clonidine are caused by corresponding changes in sympathetic efferent nerve activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular anterior wall motion in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Echocardiographic motions of right ventricular anterior wall (RVAW) were investigated in 71 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. According to the criteria of Rosenbaum et al the electrocardiograms were classified as type A in 35 patients and type B in 36. Sixteen type B patients exhibited abnormal RVAW motion, which was characterized by an early onset of the posterior movement before S1 andl also by a premature peak formation before S2. A small step or hump nearly coincident with S1 was observed in 10 of these 16 patients. These findings seem to suggest that both contraction and relaxation of RVAW begin earlier than normal due to anterior right ventricular pre-excitation. RVAW motion was normal in all of type A patients. Echocardiographic investigation of RVAW motion appears to be useful in non-invasive estimation of the site of pre-excitation, especially in type B WPW patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Caloric pattern test with special reference to failure of fixation-suppression.

Fixation-suppression of caloric nystagmus was studied in 1230 consecutive cases. An analysis of caloric nystagmus with failure of fixation-suppression (FFS) made it possible to classify patterns of FFS into three types: Type I: FFS was observed bilaterally in caloric nystagmus; Type II: FFS was recognized unilaterally on either side; Type III: FFS was seen in either direction of nystagmus. On the basis of these three types, the underlying neuroanatomical substrate responsible for FFS is discussed.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics of verapamil in man.

Verapamil was given intravenously (10 mg) and orally (120 mg) in six healthy subjects. After intravenous administration, the serum levels in all subjects declined bi-exponentially. Thereupon, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a two-compartment open model. The half-lives of distribution (T 1/2 alpha) and elimination (T 1/2 beta) phases showed 0.23 hour and 4.21 hour on an average respectively. The apparent volume of distribution [Vd (area)] showed 2.51 1/kg and body clearance (C1b) showed 500.64 ml/min on an average. Renal clearance was smaller than normal human creatinine clearance. After oral administration, the time to reach peak blood level (Tmax) was reached within 1.84 hour and the peak serum concentration showed 219.09 ng/ml on an average. The bioavailability was only 22.47% on an average. Verapamil produced a marked prolongation of PQ interval on electrocardiogram and the degree of PQ interval prolongation was closely related to the increase in serum concentration of this compound. QRS, QTc and RR interval were not changed by this compound.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Audiologic evaluation of patients with localized intracranial lesions.

A battery of audiological tests for retrocochlear disorders was performed of 79 cases with localized intracranial lesions confirmed surgically or neurologically. The Type III trace of Békésy audiometry was found to originate from pathologies in the brainstem and the Type IV from abnormalities in the first neuron of the VIIIth nerve or in the brainstem. It was suggested that an unusually large amplitude peak in the Békésy tracing indicates a lesion in the temporal lobe. Large values of differential limen for short increment (DLSI) were found in patients with brainstem lesions. A good speech discrimination with a poor filtered speech discrimination apparently indicated supratentorial lesions. The binaural separation test using dichotically presented digit sounds was found to be helpful for differential diagnosis between the supratentorial and subtentorial lesions.

Adult↗