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Biomedical subjects

Y Koike

Publications and source records attributed to Y Koike.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Distribution of mannosamine and mannosaminuronic acid among cell walls of Bacillus species.

The distribution of mannosamine, mannosaminuronic acid, and the enzymes responsible for the formation of these saccharides was studied in nine species (18 strains) of Bacillus. Whereas UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity was detected in all of the strains examined, UDP-N-acetylmannosamine dehydrogenase, as well as the activity incorporating N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid residues from UDP-N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid into polymer, was found only in four strains of B. megaterium and one strain each of B. subtilis and B. polymyxa. The cell walls prepared from the six above-named strains were shown to contain mannosaminuronic acid in amounts of 135 to 245 nmol/mg. In contrast, mannosamine had a wide distribution. The cell walls from two strains of B. cereus and one strain each of B. circulans, B. polymyxa, B. sphaericus, and B. cereus subsp. mycoides contained mannosamine in amounts of 370 to 470 nmol/mg. In addition, the cell walls from five strains of B. subtilis, two strains of B. megaterium, and one strain each of B. cereus. B. coagulans, and B. licheniformis also contained this amino sugar in amounts as small as 10 to 35 nmol/mg. On the basis of analytical data, it is suggested that the mannosamine present in small amounts may be a common constituent of linkage units between peptidoglycan and other cell wall components such as glycerol teichoic acid.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1982

The conduction velocity of slower and the fastest fibres in infancy and childhood.

Motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve was measured in 54 infants of various ages. Conduction velocity of slower fibres was measured using Hopf's technique, and maximal conduction velocity was measured with the usual method. Both maximal conduction velocity and conduction velocity of slower fibres increased with maturation. The former was about 65 m/s at the age of about 3-5 years, but thereafter it decreased slightly to about 60 m/s. Conduction velocity of slower fibres increased gradually until about 3 or 4 years of age, and then ranged about 40-50 m/s. The difference between the two velocities increased until 7 or 9 months of age; during the next 8 years, it tended to decrease to about 8-16 m/s. The increasing difference in size between the largest and the smallest myelinated fibres with maturation correlated with the developmental increase of the difference between maximal conduction velocity and conduction velocity of slower fibres. The anatomical evidence of the slight decrease of the axon diameter of the large fibres at the age of 7-14 years may correspond to the slight reduction of maximal conduction velocity after about 5 years of age.

Child↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical investigations of cefotaxime in neonates].

Fundamental and clinical investigations of cefotaxime were carried out in neonates. The following results were obtained. 1. Seven neonates with serious infections caused by identifiable pathogens, including Group B streptococcal meningitis and Group A streptococcal sepsis, were treated by intravenous bolus injection of 20-200 mg/kg of cefotaxime 2 or 3 times daily (60-400 mg/kg/day). The clinical efficacy of cefotaxime was assessed to be good in 6 patients and fair in 1 patient. Bacteriological efficacy was evaluable in 4 patients, all of whom displayed complete eradication of pathogens. 2. Among 22 neonates administered cefotaxime, adverse reactions appeared in 3 patients. Adverse reactions consisted of a transient skin rash in 1 patient and elevation of GOT in 2 patients. 3. Serum concentrations of cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime were investigated in 8 mature infants and 5 immature infants on days 0-7 postpartum. A single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg produced peak serum concentrations of 31.8-49.7 mcg/ml, associated with a half-life of 1.38-4.47 hours, in mature infants and peak serum concentrations of 35.5-55.0 mcg/ml, associated with a half-life of 3.22-6.43 hours, in immature infants. On days 0-2 postpartum the half-life was longer than on subsequent days. This tendency was particularly remarkable in immature infants. Serum concentrations of desacetyl cefotaxime displayed high individual variations; no consistent trends were noted. 4. Cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime serum concentrations were studied in 3 neonates undergoing exchanged transfusion (exchanged volume 177-180 ml/kg) on 1-4 days postpartum. Serum concentrations of cefotaxime after exchanged transfusion were equivalent to 32.6-63.9% of the pretransfusion level, while those of desacetyl cefotaxime were 75.2-106% of the pretransfusion level. 5. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBCs) of cefotaxime were determined against clinical isolates. MICs for inoculum sizes of 10(8)/ml and 10(6)/ml were respectively 3.13-25 mcg/ml and 3.13-25 mcg/ml against S. aureus, 0.024 mcg/ml and 0.012 mcg/ml against Group A Streptococcus, 0.05 mcg/ml and 0.05 mcg/ml against Group B Streptococcus and 0.39 mcg/ml and 0.1 mcg/ml against E. coli. MBCs for an inoculum size of 10(6)/ml were 3.13-100 mcg/ml or over against S. aureus, 0.012 mcg/ml against Group A Streptococcus, 0.39 mcg/ml against Group B Streptococcus and 1.56 mcg/ml against E. coli.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical results of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)].

MOM was administered at a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg q.i.d. orally to 65 pediatric patients. These consisted of 37 cases of acute feverish respiratory tract infection, 13 cases of Mycoplasma infection, 1 case of scarlet fever and 14 cases of whooping cough. Forty pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the 37 patients with acute feverish respiratory tract infection and 1 pathogenic bacteria was isolated from the patient with scarlet fever. Thirty-five of these clinical isolates disappeared as a result of MOM administration. For these 65 cases, the clinical efficacy was good in 51 cases (78.5%), fair in 5 cases (all whooping cough) and poor in 9 cases. Twelve strains of St. pyogenes were isolated from 12 cases and 3 of these isolates persisted (25%). Ten strains of S. aureus were isolated from 10 cases and 1 of these isolates persisted. Superinfection was observed in 3 cases, 2 of which were the same species. Although the clinical effect in the 40 mg/kg/day treatment group was superior to the effects in the 20 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day treatment groups, the difference was not statistically significant.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Changes in circadian rhythms of urinary catecholamine excretion in cold-stressed spontaneously hypertensive rats].

Investigations of the changes in ambulation and water drinking behavior of SHR were carried out and an attempt was made to determine the influence of cold exposure on the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary catecholamines excretion (UCA) in SHR. Twenty week old male SHR-Okamoto strain (approximately 350 g) were used. The automatic Ambulo-Drinkometer was used to determine ambulatory activity and water drinking in SHR. UCA was determined by the trihydroxyindole method using high performance liquid chromatography. Cold exposure was performed for a period of 24 hours in a room maintained between 0--3 degrees C. It was observed that ambulatory activity and water drinking of SHR in dark phase were higher than those in the light phase (P less than 0.001). Significant increases in urinary norepinephrine (UNE), urinary epinephrine (UE), and urinary dopamine (UDA) contents as well as in urine volume were observed in the dark phase as compared with those in the light phase. SBP was significantly elevated after cold exposure. It was also demonstrated that cold exposure produced a significant increase in UNE and UE both in light and dark phases. Significant increase in UDA in cold stressed SHR was observed in dark phase. Although at room temperature (20 +/- 2 degrees C) significant difference in UCA between light and dark phases was observed, during cold exposure no significant difference was apparent. These findings suggest that temperature modulation induces changes in circadian rhythms of urinary CA excretion in SHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of cefsulodin in Pseudomonas infections in children].

Cefsulodin (CFS) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 14 children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The diagnoses included pneumonia (4), sepsis (1), presumed sepsis (4), acute postoperative ascending cholangitis (1), acute postoperative peritonitis with wandering pneumonia (1), acute enterocolitis with acute UTI (1), recurrent UTI (1), and acute cystitis (1). CFS was administered intravenously with a daily dose of 93 to 299 mg/kg in the cases with normal renal functions. CFS was effective in all but one case both clinically and bacteriologically. A case of pneumonia whose isolate was resistant to CFS responded poorly. Mild transient eosinophilia was observed in 3 cases, but no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Peak MIC values of 18 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were 1.56 mcg/ml, 0.39 to 0.78 mcg/ml and 12.5 mcg/ml for CFS, gentamicin, and sulbenicillin, respectively. A half life of the serum CFS levels was 1.09 hours after intravenous bolus injection of 20 to 25 mg/kg of CFS (n = 2). A cerebrospinal-fluid level and biliary levels measured in cases with inflamed meninges or with cholangitis were well above the MIC value. From the present study, CFS appeared to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible Pseudomonas infections. Combined use of another antibiotic should be considered in the case with polymicrobial infections because of the CFS's very narrow spectrum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Report of a case of precancerous primary duodenal polyp and a review of the related literature.

A 62-year-old woman with a precancerous duodenal polyp in the suprapapillary region of the second portion of the duodenum was surgically treated by pancreato-duodenectomy. The postoperative course and follow-up was uneventful. A statistical analysis of primary duodenal tumor cases (excluding tumors of the duodenal papilla) reported in Japan during the period from 1962 to 1977 was also reported.

Duodenal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Smooth muscle tumors of the stomach.

In retrospect, we analyzed 12 cases of gastric smooth muscle tumor, nine cases of leiomyomas and three of leiomyosarcomas. In only half the number of these patients was an adequate preoperative diagnosis made. Ulceration of the tumor apparently led to the misjudgment in some cases. Features more relevant to leiomyosarcoma than to leiomyoma were findings of a larger size, exogastric growth, ulceration and tumor in patients over 50 years of age. It is stressed that enucleation is the treatment of choice for leiomyoma and an extensive gastrectomy for cases of leiomyosarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Three cases of early stage carcinoma of the gallbladder.

Three cases of early stage carcinoma of the gallbladder are reported. In two cases, radiolucent shadow was demonstrated on cholecystogram. The masses were papillary adenomas with foci of adenocarcinoma. In the third case, the cholecystogram did not reveal particular findings except for shadows of numerous tiny gallstones. The malignancy was completely unexpected clinically, even after gross inspection of the organ. It was an incidental finding of microscopic examination, which disclosed abundant Rokitansky-Aschoff's sinuses associated with foci of cytologically malignant cells in the muscular layer. It was explained as malignant change of epithelium on one of the sinuses. All three patients underwent simple cholecystectomy. So far they have been free from evidence of metastasis or recurrence. The diagnosis and treatment of early carcinoma of the gallbladder are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Application of radionuclide imaging in the detection of acute myocardial infarction.

Radionuclide imaging was useful for noninvasively visualizing a location and size of infarction in two patients with acute myocardial infarction. In one patient, inferior subendocardial myocardial infarction was detected by 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigraphy and then inferior transmural infarction was observed as more intense radioactivity with a larger size. In the other patient with acute extensive anterior myocardial infarction, akinesis of the left ventricular wall and left ventricular aneurysm were confirmed by first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography and multigated equilibrium cardiac pool scan.

Diphosphates↗
PubMed1981

Effects of abrupt cessation of treatment with clonidine and guanfacine on blood pressure and heart rate in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Present experiments were undertaken to compare the effects of clonidine and guanfacine withdrawal on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Five week oral administration of clonidine at a dose of approximately 300 microgram/kg/day produced a significant hypotension. After acute interruption of clonidine administration, a marked blood pressure rise was observed. Peak blood pressure rise was reached within 24 hours after clonidine withdrawal. A significant increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration was observed when clonidine treatment was discontinued. On the other hand, long-term administration of guanfacine at a dose of approximately 3 mg/kg/day produced a significant hypotension. After a five week administration of guanfacine, abrupt cessation did not produce a rapid blood pressure rise. Catecholamine concentration in urine and plasma was not influenced either by guanfacine administration or its withdrawal.

Animals↗