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Biomedical subjects

Y Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kodama.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in aging Slc: Wistar rats.

Spontaneous neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in 98 male and 100 female Slc: Wistar rats, which have been widely used in Japan for toxicological studies, were examined. As spontaneous tumors, the most frequent tumors in males were testicular interstitial cell tumors, followed by tumors of the hematopoietic organs, adrenal gland, thyroid gland, preputial gland, pituitary gland, liver and mammary gland. Those in females were tumors of the pituitary gland, mammary gland, hematopoietic organs, uterus and thyroid gland. The organ distribution and histological types of spontaneous tumors observed in Slc: Wistar rats were very similar to those in F-344/DuCrj rats, although the incidences of some tumors differed slightly in the two strains. Various non-neoplastic lesions were also observed in the heart, kidney, liver and many other organs. These results should be useful in evaluating the results of toxicological and carcinogenic studies on this strain of rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pyrrolomycins F1, F2a, F2b and F3, new metabolites produced by the addition of bromide to the fermentation.

New antibiotics, pyrrolomycins F1, F2a, F2b and F3 were produced by Actinosporangium vitaminophilum sp. nov. when bromide ion was added to the fermentation medium. Addition of other halide ions such as chloride, iodide and fluoride ion showed no effect on pyrrolomycin production, affording polychlorinated pyrrolomycins A, B, C, D and E, but no F components. All four new antibiotics contain 2 approximately 4 mol of bromine, and their substitutional position was determined by X-ray analysis and synthesis, supported by spectroscopic analysis. They are strongly active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

The effect of heparin on stress ulcer formation in rats.

The effect of heparin on acute gastric hemorrhagic lesions in rats induced by cold restraint stress was examined in relation to dose responsiveness. Prestress heparin with intravenous injection of either 50 or 500 U/Kg significantly reduced gastric bleeding (P less than 0.01). Treatment with the former dose inhibited the formation of gastric ulceration (P less than 0.01). Heparin poststress with both doses did not significantly affect either gastric bleeding or ulceration. In contrast, both heparin prestress and poststress at 5000 U/Kg intravenously markedly enhanced gastric bleeding (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). The results encourage the use of low-heparin prophylaxis for stress ulcers in patients at high risk, and support the concept of a thrombotic etiology for this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical significance of colorectal cancers arising after partial or total gastrectomy].

Among colorectal cancer patients operated at the 2nd Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Hospital between 1974 to 1980. 6 developed this cancer after partial or total gastrectomy for gastric cancer or ulcer. The interval between the gastric operation and colorectal surgery ranged from 15 months to 17 years. The colorectal cancers arose in the transverse colon (1) the sigmoid colon (2), there were 3 rectal cancers. Therefore, not only the occurrence of recurrent or primary cancer in the remnant stomach, but also the occurrence of colorectal cancer should be monitored carefully after partial or total gastrectomy for gastric cancer or ulcer.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Combined effect of prophylactic lymphadenectomy and long term combination chemotherapy for curatively resected carcinoma of the stomach.

Effectiveness of prophylactic extensive lymph node dissection (PELD) plus postoperative long term combination chemotherapy (PLCC) for patients with curatively resected gastric carcinoma was assessed in terms of the degree of serosal invasion and lymph node metastasis. Either the Group 1 and Group 2 lymph nodes were eradicated by PELD. PLCC included intermittent intravenous administration of mitomycin C (0.4 mg/kg intraoperatively followed by 0.2 mg/kg every 3 months) and oral administration of Tegafur (600-800 mg/day) and PSK (3.0 g/day), an immunostimulator, for as long a period as possible. PELD alone resulted in a cure when the malignancy was confined to the mucosal and muscular layers of the stomach as well as to the Group 1 lymph nodes. In cases when the carcinoma involved the serosa and/or the Group 2 lymph nodes, the 5 year survival rate was about 55 per cent the PELD and PLCC groups, such being significantly higher than about 27 per cent in the PELD alone group. Therefore, PELD plus PLCC is highly effective for advanced gastric carcinoma, under a condition of curative resection.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) extends life-span of non-curatively resected patients with stage IV gastric cancer.

Postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) with a combination of Mitomycin-C, Tegafur and PSK (an immunostimulant) was applied to non-curatively resected cases with stage IV gastric cancer (invading the adjacent organs and/or with metastasis to the liver, peritoneum, and/or distant lymph nodes). This approach has a significant life-prolongation effect. The two-year survival rate was 16.8 per cent in the PLCC group, such being higher than 6.7 per cent and 1.7 per cent in MMC and no chemotherapy groups (p less than 0.05). 50 per cent survival periods in those with liver metastasis were 8.3 months in the PLCC group, such being longer than 5.2 and 2.8 months in MMC and no chemotherapy groups (p less than 0.002) respectively. Combination therapy of PLCC and intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU through the proper hepatic artery prescribed for 8 patients with liver metastasis resulted in a 3-month prolongation of 50 per cent survival periods, compared with PLCC alone (p less than 0.05). In those with peritoneal dissemination the rate was 10.5 months in the PLCC group, that is longer than 6.5 months in the MMC group (p less than 0.02). In cases of invasion to other organs plus distant lymph node metastasis, the time was 11.0 in PLCC and 7.0 months in MMC groups (p less than 0.05). Thus, PLCC is a palliative approach for non-curatively resected carcinoma of the stomach.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic studies on severely handicapped patients in an institution.

Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic studies were performed on a group of 197 institutionalized patients with severe mental and physical handicaps in order to evaluate the contribution of chromosomal aberrations on the etiology of the condition, and to determine whether any association exists between the dermatoglyphics and the severe handicaps. There were 4 patients with trisomy 21 and 2 patients with a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation. In addition, 9 patients were found to have a pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv (9) (p11q13)). Other chromosome variations identified included inv (1) (p11q11) (one case), elongation of 1 qh (one case), and telocentric chromosome 13 (two cases). Dermatoglyphics from the patients excluding cases with Down syndrome were compared with those from 500 normal controls. Significant differences were observed in several dermatoglyphic characteristics, including simian crease, fingertip pattern, mean a-b ridge count, thenar/first interdigital pattern, hypothenar pattern, and hallucal pattern. The present study indicated that de novo balanced translocation as well as chromosome duplication or deficiency is causally related to the severe combined handicaps. This study also showed that the incidence of inv (9) (p11q13) in the patients was 4.2 times higher than that in the general Japanese population. If a real association exists between the inv (9) (p11q13) and severe handicaps, the increase of inv (9) (p11q13) in the patients may be explained by the concept of a risk factor. Moreover, the dermatoglyphic deviations found in patients may be evidence that pathological factors had been operating during early embryonic life in some of them.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of dipyridamole on experimentally induced stress ulcers.

Several doses of dipyridamomle were tested to assess a reduction in gastric bleeding and ulcer formation in rats exposed to cold stress restraint. When saline was compared to 12.5 mg/kg dipyridamole and 50 units/kg heparin, dipyridamole was significantly better than saline controls (P less than 0.05) in the reduction of both gastric bleeding and gastric ulceration, while the effects of heparin were not significant in either case. Finally, mean hematocrit, platelet count, and gastric acid secretion were not significantly affected by the dose of dipyridamole used (12.5 mg/kg). The results of this study show dipyridamole to be useful in the reduction of both stress ulceration and gastric bleeding induced in rats by cold stress restraint.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Establishment and immunologic characterization of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma cell lines metastasizing widely in mice and exhibiting distinct and selective propensities for the mode of metastasis.

Successive transplantations of metastatic secondary tumors of a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma in (C57BL/Ka X C3H/He)F1 male and female syngeneic mice resulted in the establishment of two unique tumor cell lines with enhanced metastatic potential. Moreover, each line showed distinct and selective propensities for the mode of metastasis. The 1101Pn tumor line, obtained by successive transplantations of metastatic pulmonary nodules, metastasized to many visceral organs via the bloodstream. Another tumor line, 1101Ln, selected by repeated transplantations of lymph node metastases, metastasized to almost all lymph nodes and to the lungs. When the metastatic pulmonary tumor of mice bearing 1101Ln was subcutaneously implanted on the backs of syngeneic mice, the tumor grew locally and eventually metastasized via the lymphatics, with systemic involvement of the lymph nodes. This finding is an indication that the intrinsic properties of tumor cells that form pulmonary metastases in 1101Ln tumor-bearing mice are distinct from those in 1101Pn tumor-bearing mice in terms of metastatic mode. The 1101Pn and 1101Ln tumor lines were nonimmunogenic or less immunogenic than the 505 tumor (the parental, nonselected tumor line). The growth and metastatic action of 505 tumors were enhanced by 400 R whole-body X-radiation, but no such effect was seen with 1101Pn tumors. Pretreatment of mice with OK-432, an immunopotentiator, retarded the growth and metastasis of 505 tumors but exerted little or no effect on 1101Pn tumors. The experimental results suggest that a tumor is composed of a heterogeneous cell population with respect to metastatic potential, metastatic mode, and tumor immunogenicity and that some intrinsic properties of the tumor cell have a primary role in the determination of the mode of cancer metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) on non-curative gastric cancer of stage IV].

We studied the effect of postoperative long-term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) on the survival of the patients with stage IV gastric cancer, subjected to non-curative resection. The study was carried out with 90 patients receiving the PLCC from 1970 to 1978, and 95 patients received intraoperative one shot I.V. injection of Mitomycin-C from 1964 to 1978, and 106 patients without chemotherapy from 1964 to 1970. The PLCC consisted of the following combination: MMC intermittent intravenous injection (20 mg of MMC during operation followed by 10 mg on the next day, 4th week and every 3 months respectively): postoperative oral administration of FT-207 (600 mg/day) and; PSK (3 g/day) for more than 4 months after operation. The background factors were not significantly different among 3 groups. Two year survival rate was 18.9% in PLCC group, significantly higher than that of 7.4% in MMC group and 2.0% in no chemotherapy group which was respectively (P less than 0.05). The PLCC also demonstrated its be effective mess in prolonging the survival of the patients with hepatic metastasis or peritoneal dissemination.

Antineoplastic Agents↗