Eight hepatocellular cancer patients and eighteen metastatic liver cancer patients were treated with intrahepato-arterial infusion of CDDP (cis-diamminedichloro-platinum II) plus 5-FU (5-fluorouracil); CDDP (0.8-1.0 mg/kg) was given once every 7 or 10-14 days, while 5-FU (250-100 mg/day) was infused daily. A partial response was obtained in 5 of 8 patients with primary liver cancer and in 9 of 14 evaluable patients with metastatic liver cancer. However, severe complications due to bone marrow suppression were observed in 4 patients, 3 of whom died of septicemia and one of enterocolitis. This combined intra-hepato-arterial chemotherapy exerts a synergistic anticancer effect on malignant liver tumors, although the bone marrow suppression associated with it remains to be overcome.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Clinical MRI in disease. 1) Nervous system diseases. b. Cerebrovascular disorders].

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Cerebrovascular Disorders↗

PubMed1986

[MRI of intracranial hemorrhage].

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Adult↗

PubMed1986

Observations on the cerebellum of normal-reeler mutant mouse chimera.

The normal-reeler chimera mouse (+/+ in equilibrium with rl/rl) provides an experimental system in which an analysis of the migration of immature neurons in the cerebellum can be accomplished. In the present study, five chimera mice were produced from embryos of the wild-type control (C57Bl/6N) and the reeler mutant mouse (BALB/c) by the aggregation technique. The isozyme pattern of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) revealed that the brain tissue in the chimera contained both isozymes of the BALB/c (reeler) and C57Bl/6N (normal) strains, implying that internal mosaicism of the cerebellum truly existed. We found no abnormality in the cerebellum of the chimera mouse: the neuronal and glial subpopulations revealed no difference from those of the control. Such normalization of the cerebellum in the chimera suggests that the disturbance of neuronal migration in the reeler is attributable to an abnormal cell-to-cell interaction between migrating young neurons and the radial glial cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

A naturally occurring deaminated neuraminic acid, 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid (KDN). Its unique occurrence at the nonreducing ends of oligosialyl chains in polysialoglycoprotein of rainbow trout eggs.

An unknown deaminated sialic acid has been isolated from Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout) egg polysialoglycoprotein. A combination of structural methods including gas-liquid chromatography, chemical and enzymatic analyses, mass spectrometry, and 400-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the structure as 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (= 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid; KDN). This structure has been confirmed by comparison with a chemically synthesized authentic sample of KDN. The natural occurrence of deaminated sialic acid in biological material has not been previously reported. A series of KDN-containing oligosialic acids were isolated from the polysialoglycoprotein after pH 4.7-catalyzed hydrolysis. Structural studies including methylation analysis, mass spectrometry, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and chemical reactivity were also used to confirm the structures of the sialyloligosaccharides as KDN alpha 2[8NeuGc alpha 2-]n (n = 1-7). The exclusive location of KDN at the nonreducing termini in polysialoglycoproteins protects oligo(poly)sialyl chains from exosialidases. Terminal capping of these chains may be important in egg activation in salmonid fishes.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Characterization of pulmonary carbonyl reductase of mouse and guinea pig.

Carbonyl reductases were purified from mouse and guinea pig lung. The mouse enzyme exhibited structural and catalytic similarity to the guinea pig enzyme: tetrameric structure consisting of an identical 23 kDa subunit; basicity (pI of 8.8); low substrate specificity for aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds; dual cofactor specificity for NADPH and NADH; stereospecific transfer of the 4-pro S hydrogen of NADPH; and sensitivity to pyrazole, 2-mercaptoethanol and ferrous ion. Although 3-ketosteroids were extensively reduced by the mouse enzyme but not by the guinea pig enzyme in the forward reaction, the two enzymes similarly oxidized some alicyclic alcohols such as acenaphthenol, cyclohex-2-en-1-ol and benzenedihydrodiol in the presence of NADP+ and NAD+. A partial similarity between the two enzymes was observed immunologically, using antibodies against the purified guinea pig enzyme. The lung enzymes differ in several aspects from other oxidoreductases from extrapulmonary tissues. The immunoreactive protein was detected only in lung of the tissues of the two species.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗

PubMed1986

Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehydes in yeasts. Possible role of glycolytic bypath as a detoxification system in L-threonine catabolism by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

L-Threonine catabolism by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied to determine the role of glycolytic bypath as a detoxyfication system of 2-oxoaldehyde (methylglyoxal) formed from L-threonine catabolism. During the growth on L-threonine as a sole source of nitrogen, a large amount of aminoacetone was accumulated in the culture. The enzymatic analyses indicated that L-threonine was converted into either acetaldehyde and glycine by threonine aldolase or 2-aminoacetoacetate by NAD-dependent threonine dehydrogenase. Glycine formed was condensed with acetyl-CoA by aminoacetone synthase to form 2-aminoacetoacetate, a labile compound spontaneously decarboxylated into aminoacetone. The enzyme activities of the glycolytic bypath of the cells grown on L-threonine were considerably higher than those of the cells grown on ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source. The result indicated the possible role of glycolytic bypath as a detoxification system of methylglyoxal formed from L-threonine catabolism.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗

PubMed1986

Characterization of O2 evolution by a wheat photosystem II reaction center complex isolated by a simplified method: disjunction of secondary acceptor quinone and enhanced Ca2+ demand.

An O2-evolving photosystem II (PSII) reaction center complex was prepared from wheat by a simple method consisting of octylglucoside solubilization of Triton PSII particles followed by one-step sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The complex contained six species of proteins including the 33-kDa extrinsic protein with the same relative abundance as in the original PSII particles, one cytochrome b559, 4 Mn, and about 40 chlorophyll (Chl) per O2-evolving unit, and evolved O2 at a high rate of 1400-1700 mumol O2/mg Chl/h. O2 evolution by the complex was dependent on acceptor species, showing a hierarchy, ferricyanide greater than dichlorobenzoquinone greater than phenylbenzoquinone greater than dimethylbenzoquinone greater than duroquinone, and insensitive to DCMU, indicative of disjunction of the secondary quinone acceptor of PSII from the electron transport pathway. O2 evolution also showed a marked dependence on Cl- and Ca2+: about 10-fold acceleration by Cl- and an additional 2- to 3-fold by Ca2+. Comparison of the dissociation constants for Cl- and Ca2+ between the complex and NaCl-washed PSII particles revealed that octylglucoside treatment gives rise to a new Ca2+-sensitive site by removal of some unknown factor(s) other than the extrinsic 22- and 16-kDa proteins, while it preserves the Cl(-)-sensitive site as native as in NaCl-washed PSII particles. Analysis of the relationship between Cl- demand and Ca2+ demand revealed that Ca2+ absence noncompetitively inhibits the Cl(-)-supported O2 evolution, indicative of the independence of the binding site of these two factors.

Benzoquinones↗

PubMed1986

Successive appearance of glutathione S-transferase-positive cells in developing rat brain: choroid plexus, pia mater, ventricular zone and astrocytes.

Indirect immunocytochemical staining with antisera raised against purified glutathione S-transferase (GST) was employed to analyse astrogliogenesis in rat brain from embryonic day-16 (E16) rats to birth (which occurs at E20) and in postnatal rats to day 56 (P56). Some GST-positive cells are already recognized at E16 in the choroid plexus and pial surface. At a slightly older age--between E18 and birth--GST-positive cells are located in the ventricular zone. After this age, GST-positive cells are easily recognized in the subventricular zone and in astroglial cells of white and gray matter. On the other hand, neurons and oligodendroglial cells have never been stained all through the ages examined.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Correlation between astrogliogenesis and blood-brain barrier formation: immunocytochemical demonstration by using astroglia-specific enzyme glutathione S-transferase.

The formation of the capillary-glial complex of developing rat brain ranging in age from embryonic day 16 (E16) rats to birth, which occurs at E20, and in the postnatal rats to day 56 (P56) was determined by measuring the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity, which was exogenously injected and penetrated within the brain. The activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) which are located exclusively in astroglial cells was also determined. HRP penetrated into and resided within the central nervous system until birth, although after this age the tracers were rarely observed to be included. On the other hand, GST activity was first detected at E18, and after P5 it increased remarkably. The functional significance of astroglial cells located at the blood-brain or blood-ventricle interface is considered, and we suggest that the ontogenetic development of a blood-brain barrier is compatible with the corresponding appearance of GST.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Transplantation of bulk-separated oligodendrocytes into the brains of shiverer mutant mice: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies on the myelination.

Normal oligodendrocytes were separated from 7-day-old mouse (BALB/c) brains by the Percoll gradient method. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-galactocerebroside serum revealed that about 85% of the separated cells were oligodendrocytes. The oligodendrocytes were transplanted into the corpus striatum of 4-week-old shiverer mutant mice which are characterized by the lack of myelin basic protein (MBP). Myelination by the implanted oligodendrocytes was investigated immunohistochemically and electron microscopically 6 weeks after the operation. Certain areas in the corpus striatum were intensely stained with antiserum to MBP. Electron microscopic examination showed that some axons were surrounded by normal type myelin sheaths with major dense lines. These results clearly indicate that matured oligodendrocytes are able to survive and myelinate the host axons even in the adult brain.

Animals↗