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Biomedical subjects

Y Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to Y Inoue.

At least 1,729 records · Page 96Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Polysialoglycoproteins of Salmonidae fish eggs. Complete structure of 200-kDa polysialoglycoprotein from the unfertilized eggs of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

Polysialoglycoproteins (PSGP) we first isolated from the unfertilized eggs of rainbow trout (Salmo gairderi) and now found to be a ubiquitous component of Salmonidae fish eggs are a novel type of glycoprotein. PSGP from rainbow trout has a molecular weight of 200 X 10(3), a low protein content (about 15% w/w), and a high sialic acid (N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc] content (about 60%, w/w). In any evaluation of the biological functions of PSGP, information about the complete structure of this unique macromolecular component is relevant. We have now completed the determination of the overall structural organization of the 200-kDa PSGP, and this is the first report of the complete structural analysis of this novel class of glycoprotein: (Asp)0-2-Ala-Thr*-Ser*-Glu-(Ala-Ala-Thr*-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gly-Asp-Asp-Ala-Thr *-Ser*- Glu)n-Ala-Ala-Thr*-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gly where * indicates the amino acid residues to which oligo- and/or polysialylglycan units are attached and n = 25. Thus the most outstanding structural features of PSGP isolated from the unfertilized eggs of rainbow trout are now the occurrence of (a) tandem repeats of a tridecapeptide and (b) an alpha-2----8-linked oligo(poly)sialyl group on each of the core oligosaccharide chains, i.e. GalNAc- beta 1----4(NeuGc alpha 2----3)GalNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Gal beta 1----3[----8NeuGc alpha 2)n----6)GalNAc alpha 1----Ser (or Thr), Fuc alpha 1----3GalNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Gal beta 1----3[----8NeuGc alpha 2)n ----6)GalNAc alpha 1----Ser (or Thr), GalNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Gal beta 1----3[----8NeuGc alpha 2)n----6)GalNAc alpha 1----Ser (or Thr), Gal beta 1----4Gal beta 1----3[----8NeuGc alpha 2)n----6)GalNAc alpha 1----Ser (or Thr), and Gal beta 1----3[----8NeuGc alpha 2)n----6) GalNAc alpha 1----Ser (or Thr).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Fertilization (activation)-induced 200- to 9-kDa depolymerization of polysialoglycoprotein, a distinct component of cortical alveoli of rainbow trout eggs.

Polysialoglycoprotein, a novel type of glycoprotein found in the eggs of rainbow trout has been shown to undergo dramatic depolymerization (200- to 9-kDa) upon fertilization of the eggs. Molecular mechanism of this depolymerization has been elucidated to be the result of proteolysis catalyzed by a highly specific protease induced at fertilization. The low molecular weight polysialoglycoprotein obtained from the fertilized eggs accounted for about 85% of total polysialoglycoprotein and comprised glycotridecapeptides with a uniform peptide sequence which was determined to be Asp-Asp-Ala-Thr*-Ser*-Glu-Ala-Ala-Thr*-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gly, where * indicates the site of glycosylation. This glycotridecapeptide constitutes a repeating unit of the 200-kDa polysialoglycoprotein in the unfertilized eggs: (Asp) 0-2-Ala-Thr*-Ser*-Glu-Ala-Ala-Thr*-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gly-(Asp-Asp-Ala-Thr*-Ser *-Glu- Ala-Ala-Thr*-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gly)n (n = 25) (Kitajima, K., Inoue, Y., and Inoue, S. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 5262-5269). The fertilization-induced depolymerization of polysialoglycoprotein appeared to be completed within 5 min postfertilization. The same reaction was also induced by parthenogenetic activation of the eggs by immersing in fresh water or nonelectrolyte solutions. Thus the phenomenon is closely associated with the exocytosis of cortical vesicles (alveoli) of the eggs.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Depolymerization of chondroitin 6-sulfate and dermatan sulfate with diazomethane in the presence of a small proportion of water.

Chondroitin 6-sulfate (sodium salt), dermatan sulfate (sodium salt), and their methyl esters were depolymerized into mixtures of methylated, even-numbered oligosaccharides having a 4,5-unsaturated uronic acid, nonreducing end-group, respectively, with excess diazomethane in the presence of a small proportion of water. The methyl ester of chondroitin 6-sulfate was more effectively cleaved than the sodium salt, whereas the methyl ester of dermatan sulfate was depolymerized at a rate slightly higher than the sodium salt. About half of the acetamido group in the depolymerized product of the methyl ester of these polysaccharides was N-methylated.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pretibial epidermolysis bullosa. Successful therapy with a skin graft.

A patient with pretibial epidermolysis bullosa was successfully treated with a skin graft. Ultrastructural examination revealed a decreased number of and rudimentary anchoring fibrils (AFs) in the pretibial area in contrast to normal AFs in the grafted skin obtained from a nonpredilection site. Our results indicate the importance of AFs in the pathogenesis of pretibial epidermolysis bullosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immunocytochemical localization of parathormone in the mammalian parathyroid gland using the protein A-gold technique.

Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry for the demonstration of parathormone in parathyroid chief cells was performed in adult male rats, gerbils, mice, and dogs, using the protein A-gold technique. Protein A-gold particles were detected over both large and small secretory granules in all the animals examined. In the former, they were concentrated not only over type-I granules with a large core, but also over type-II granules with a small core. They were also located over atypical granules, including heterogeneously dense granules, granules having vesicles in a finely particulate core, and distorted granules. All labelled secretory granules were characterized by the presence of a clear halo of varying width around the core. Occasionally, Golgi cisternae as well as Golgi vacuoles with a finely particular content were also labelled. The labelling of the secretory granules was strong in dogs, moderate in rats and gerbils, and weak in mice. In addition, it was more intense in the non-osmicated preparations than in the osmicated preparations. The frequency of both types of large granules showed species differences. The possible factors involved in these differences are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and its mode of action.

The antibacterial activity of ofloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was comparable to norfloxacin and enoxacin, and far exceeded the activity of pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid. The activity of ofloxacin was two to eight times less than that of ciprofloxacin. Ofloxacin was more active against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., Legionella spp., and Bacteroides fragilis, than norfloxacin, enoxacin, pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid, and the activity of ofloxacin was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. Ofloxacin was two to seven times more effective than norfloxacin in systemic infections in mice with S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and P. aeruginosa. Ofloxacin strongly inhibited DNA supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase purified from E. coli KL-16. There is a parallel relationship between antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and its inhibitory action against DNA gyrases from ofloxacin-susceptible and ofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of E. coli. These results indicate that the high bactericidal action of ofloxacin and the related new quinolone agents can be explained by their potent inhibitory activities against DNA gyrase in bacterial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Does preoperative radiation for thoracic esophageal cancer promote intramural lymphatic invasion?

Between 1976 and 1983, 43 patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus underwent esophagectomy in the Department of Surgery, Tottori University. Of these 43, 22 received a total dose of 30 to 40 Gy of Co60 (2 Gy/day) preoperatively: 21 were not given preoperative irradiation treatments. The spread of intramural lymphatic cancer invasion into the esophageal wall was compared in these two groups. The preoperatively irradiated patients manifested a significantly lower rate of lymphatic cancer invasion and the depth of invasion tended to be less than in the non-irradiated patients. However, in preoperatively irradiated subjects, the horizontal cancer spread into the extra-radiation field anal to the cancer site was greater than in the other group. In addition, a significantly higher intra-abdominal lymph node metastasis rate was found in the irradiated group than in the non-irradiated group. Our findings suggest that patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who are treated with preoperative radiotherapy must be carefully monitored for the occurrence of intramural lymphatic cancer invasion and distant lymph node metastasis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

Alteration of the primary pattern of central myelin in a chimaeric environment--study of shiverer----wild-type chimaeras.

Using chimaeras produced from the shiverer mutant with a BALB/C background (white coat color) and normal mice of the C57BL/6N strain (black coat color) by the aggregation method, the morphological patterns of the central myelin sheaths were examined by electron microscopy, with special reference to the structure of the myelin lamellae of the one genotype in an environment dominated by the other genotype. The results obtained may be summarized as follows. The oligodendrocytic processes of both genotypes are able to interact independently with the axon unrelated to its genotype. The lamellar structure of the myelin sheath, i.e., whether or not it is composed of alternating major dense and intraperiod lines, is primarily determined by the genotypes of the oligodendrocytes concerned. The processes of shiverer oligodendrocytes can spirally enwrap axons in the chimaeric CNS which shows dominance of the normal genotype. In contrast, in the environment of shiverer dominance, the spiral arrangement of the oligodendrocytic processes of the normal genotype is often disturbed, probably by the oligodendrocytic processes of the shiverer genotype. Thus, the primary pattern of the myelin sheaths can be altered under the chimaeric condition, and the formation of the myelin sheaths depends essentially on the behavior of the oligodendrocytic processes, which is determined by the genetic specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Projections of the group y of the vestibular nuclei and the dentate and fastigial nuclei of the cerebellum to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal.

Experiments were performed to study the projection of the group y of the vestibular nuclei and the dentate and fastigial nuclei of the cerebellum to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) in cats by using retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and electrophysiological methods; and to study the vestibular responses of such projection neurons. Following injections of HRP into the unilateral INC, with partial involvement of the surrounding reticular formation, including the nucleus of Darkschewitsch (ND), many retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the dorsal part of the group y nucleus contralateral to the injection site. Labeled cells were also seen in the contralateral dentate nucleus, frequently in its caudal-ventral part, and in the contralateral fastigial nucleus at all rostrocaudal levels, but most frequently in its caudal part. In electrophysiological experiments performed on cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose or N2O and paralyzed with gallamine, group y, dentate and fastigial nuclei neurons were antidromically activated by weak stimuli that were confined to the contralateral INC. Depth-threshold curves for antidromic activation of such neurons revealed that the lowest threshold points were within the INC, but not in the ND. The INC-projecting neurons in the group y and dentate nuclei did not respond to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral or contralateral vestibular nerve, indicating that they do not receive direct labyrinthine inputs. On the contrary, many fastigial neurons projecting to the INC responded to labyrinthine stimulation, suggesting that they may be involved in the vestibular reflexes. These results suggest a difference in properties of INC-projecting neurons in these nuclei.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Circadian cycles in VIP content and VIP stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in the rat pineal gland.

VIP content in the rat pineal gland and cyclic AMP accumulation in response to VIP in the daily light and dark cycle were examined. VIP content in the pineal varied significantly during the day and night; the content decreased during exposure to light and was lowest at the onset of darkness, 6 p.m. (mean +/- SE, 23 +/- 5 pg/pineal), and increased during the night and was highest at the onset of light, 6 a.m. (72 +/- 12 pg/pineal). Response of cyclic AMP accumulation to VIP varied with a periodicity inversely related to the daily light and dark cycle of VIP content; cyclic AMP accumulation in response to 10(-7) M VIP increased in proportion to periods of exposure to light and peaked at 6 p.m., and decreased with the onset of darkness.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Reconstruction of microtia with conchal remnant.

In microtia with conchal remnant (type B microtia), there are various degrees of deformity; consequently, different surgical procedures are required for individual cases. To clarify and simplify these complicated surgical techniques, type B microtia is divided into two types, type BI and type BII, from the standpoint of the emphasis on conchal creation. The methods of treatment are discussed.

Ear Cartilage↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical demonstration of amylase in endometrial carcinomas.

Cellular localization of amylase in 100 endometrial carcinomas was studied by the immunoperoxidase method using an antibody to human pancreatic amylase. Amylase activity was observed in 12 tumors, localizing in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. They were seven well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, one poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, one papillary serous carcinoma, two mucinous carcinomas, and one adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation. Of these, many amylase reactive cells were found in one well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, one papillary serous carcinoma, and one mucinous carcinoma. The remaining nine tumors contained a few to a moderate number of amylase reactive cells. Although serum levels of amylase were not examined in the present study, the results suggest that amylase may be a potential tumor marker for some endometrial carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Changes in Protein Composition and Mn Abundance in Photosystem II Particles on Photoactivation of the Latent O(2)-Evolving System in Flash-Grown Wheat Leaves.

Protein composition and Mn abundance were compared between the two photosystem II (PSII) particle preparations obtained before and after photoactivation of the latent O(2)-evolving system in intermittently flashed wheat leaves. The following results have been obtained: (a) nonphotoactivated PSII particles were devoid of two extrinsic proteins which corresponded to the 24 and 16 kilodalton proteins in spinach particles, although the particles contained all the intrinsic proteins and the 33 kilodalton extrinsic protein. (b) The two extrinsic proteins absent in nonphotoactivated PSII particles were present in nonphotoactivated thylakoids, but were easily removed by a hypotonic shock followed by brief sonication. Such removal of the proteins did not occur in photoactivated thylakoids. (c) Nonphotoactivated PSII particles contained 1.5 Mn/400 chlorophyll, while photoactivated particles contained 8 Mn/400 chlorophyll. (d) Nonphotoactivated thylakoids contained 6 Mn/400 chlorophyll, but most of them were removed from thylakoids by a hypotonic shock in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Such removal of Mn did not occur in photoactivated thylakoids.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Lectin-binding sites in eccrine sweat gland tumours.

Lectin-binding sites in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eccrine sweat gland tumours were investigated using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated peanut agglutinin (PNA), FITC conjugated Ricinus communis 1 agglutinin (RCA-1) and FITC conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). In 22 benign eccrine sweat gland tumours, lectin-binding sites were noted primarily on the cell surface, and in the secretions. In five malignant sweat gland tumours, all showed cytoplasmic lectin-binding sites in variable proportions of malignant cells in addition to cell surface staining. These results indicate that cytoplasmic lectin-binding sites may be a useful marker of neoplastic transformation of eccrine sweat gland tumours.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1986

Histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations of giant cell tumors of bone.

The origin and characteristics of so-called stromal cells (stromal cell) and the osteoclast-like giant cell series of 19 cases of giant cell tumor (G.C.T.) of bone were studied. Immunohistochemically, two interesting cases were found. The stromal cells of one case were alpha-1-antitrypsin positive and those of the other case were alpha-1-antichymotrypsin positive. The histiocytic stromal cells of the latter case seemed to be surely neoplastic since they showed mild to moderate cell atypism. There were foci consisting of fibroblastic cells or osteoid and osteoblasts within the tumor. Those cells in the foci were apparently continuous with the surrounding stromal cells, and they were, therefore, also considered to be neoplastic. These findings strongly indicate that the stromal cells originate from the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and may differentiate to osteoblastic, fibroblastic, and histiocytic cells. All cells of these three series were not stained for a high stable form of acid phosphatase (SAPhase). SAPhase activity was demonstrated only in osteoclast-like giant cells and some mononuclear cells, which are recently believed to be non-neoplastic. Therefore, the cell atypia of SAPhase negative stromal cells is considered to have a prognostic value.

Acid Phosphatase↗