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Biomedical subjects

Y Inaba

Publications and source records attributed to Y Inaba.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

A cross-sectional study on the relationship between leisure or recreational physical activity and coronary risk factors.

Several researchers have investigated the relationship between physical activity and coronary risk factors. Little is known about the strength of the relationship between physical activity and each coronary risk factor. The aim of this study is to determined the strength of the relationship between leisure or recreational physical activity and selected coronary risk factors. The subjects were 781 male Japanese office workers who underwent an annual physical examination in 1999, including interview about the type and frequency of their leisure or recreational physical activities, other lifestyle questionnaire, and biological measurement, calculated a physical activity index (PAI) for each subject. To investigate the strength of the relationship between PAI and each coronary risk factor, we carried out multiple regression analysis. Smoking habit, log triglycerides, self-rating depression scale (SDS) score, alcohol habit and left ventricular hypertrophy were significantly related to the physical activity (partial R2: 0.031, 0.018, 0.016, 0.0092, 0.0075, respectively). Smoking habit was the strongest determinant of the physical activity. Furthermore, we found the inverse relationship between SDS score and physical activity independently.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2000

Revealing hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: value of combined helical CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography with a unified CT and angiography system.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the use of combined helical CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography in the preoperative assessment of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer using a unified CT and angiography system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer preoperatively underwent combined CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography using the unified CT and angiography system. Three radiologists independently and retrospectively reviewed the images of CT during arterial portography alone, CT hepatic arteriography alone, and combined CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography. Image review was conducted on a segment-by-segment basis; a total of 432 hepatic segments with (n = 103) 118 metastatic tumors ranging in size from 2 to 160 mm (mean, 25.8 mm) and without (n = 329) tumor were reviewed. RESULTS: Relative sensitivity of combined CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography (87%) was higher than that of CT during arterial portography alone (80%, p < 0.0005) and CT hepatic arteriography alone (83%, p < 0.005). Relative specificity of CT hepatic arteriography alone (95%, p < 0.0005) and combined CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography (96%, p < 0.0001) was higher than that of CT during arterial portography alone (91%). Diagnostic accuracy, determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, was greater with combined CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography than with CT during arterial portography alone (p < 0.05) or CT hepatic arteriography alone (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Using a unified CT and angiography system, we found that combined CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography significantly raised the detectability of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A high level of physical fitness during thirties is a negative risk factor for colonic polyps during fifties.

This case-control study examined the relationship between the occurrence of colonic polyps in men in their fifties and the level of their physical fitness while in their thirties. The subjects consisted of 51 male Japan Self-Defense Forces officials in their fifties who had colonic polyps, as diagnosed by colonoscopic examination, and 46 control individuals. As an indicator of physical fitness between 30 and 39, we selected the best time recorded for each individual during that decade of life for the 1,500 meter Physical Fitness Test run. We calculated the odds ratio for polyps according to selected risk factors (including physical fitness), and a logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for possible confounding variables. Odds ratio (95% confidence interval, p value) for colonic polyps with physical fitness in the thirties was 0.36 (0.16-0.82, p < 0.05). With adjustment for the subjects' maximum Body Mass Index in both their thirties and fifties, and serum total cholesterol, the odds ratio was 0.39 (0.15-0.99, p < 0.05). We suggest that the occurrence of colonic polyps in men in their fifties can be reduced by maintaining a high level of physical fitness while in their thirties.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Supplementary motor area epilepsy associated with ADHD in an abused history].

A 6-year-old girl with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who had been abused by her mother in infancy developed supplementary motor area (SMA) epilepsy. The seizure was characterized by bilateral tonic seizure of the upper and lower extremities, speech arrest, preserved consciousness and a lack of postictal confusion. The duration of the seizure was usually 10-60 seconds. The seizures sometimes clustered. She was diagnosed as having SMA epilepsy based on the characteristic clinical symptoms, interictal EEG, ictal video-EEG and ictal SPECT. Though her seizure was initially improved by anti-epileptic drugs, the symptoms appeared again after discharge. Since her clinical course indicated that her seizure was aggravated by her mental state, treatment included both medication with anti-epileptic drugs and the adjustment of her living environment in cooperation with a child guidance clinic. Thereafter both her epileptic seizure and ADHD symptoms improved. These changes may be related to each other, because both conditions are associated with frontal lobe dysfunction. It was interesting that the adjustment of the environment improved frontal lobe epilepsy, which in turn ameliorated ADHD symptoms.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed2000

[Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer].

After randomized studies of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) versus systemic chemotherapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer in the 1980s, the role of HAIC has been unclear and there is still no evidence to support it as the treatment of choice. The high local control, the differences in techniques between Japan and Western countries, the difficulty of detecting pre-treatment extra-hepatic metastases and the fact that HAIC does not control extra-hepatic lesions are the most important points in considering clinical trials of HAIC. Clinical studies on the combination of HAIC using 5-FU and systemic chemotherapy using CPT-11, and then randomized trial of systemic chemotherapy with/without HAIC is required in Japan to reveal the role of HAIC in the management of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. We should understand the importance of our role in this field.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1999

Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by dermatan sulfate.

The effect of dermatan sulfate (DS) on the treatment of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was examined. DS, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan, has been reported to exhibit anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activities. DS treatment (50 mg/kg/day) facilitates recovery from the clinical manifestations of EAE. In this study, the fibrinolytic activity was higher in DS-treated rats than in saline-treated rats. Although the degree of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration in the spinal cord was not suppressed in DS-treated rats compared to that in saline-treated rats, perivascular fibrin deposition was markedly suppressed in DS-treated rats. These findings suggest that DS would act as an effective therapeutic agent for EAE by preventing fibrin deposition.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

IgG subclass switching is associated with the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide in NOD mice.

We have recently shown that a single dose of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35-55 produces a relapsing-remitting demyelinating disease similar to multiple sclerosis (MS) in Lewis rats. In this study we have assessed the possibility that a subclass of anti-MOG35-55 antibodies influences the clinical outcome of these diseases by examining the classes and isotypes of anti-MOG35-55 antibody produced during the course of MOG35-55-induced demyelinating disease in NOD mice. Following immunization, 7 of the 21 injected mice had only mild diseases, while the 14 others had severe progressive and/or relapsing-remitting diseases. There were no differences in anti-MOG35-55 IgG, IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3 antibody titers between the severe and mild symptoms groups. High levels of IgG2b antibody to MOG35-55 were detected in all mice with severe symptoms. In contrast, none of the mice which contracted a mild disease produced anti-MOG35-55 IgG2b. These results suggest that in NOD mice, the IgG2b antibody response to MOG35-55 is associated with the severity of this MS-like demyelinating disease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Fat-suppressed T2-weighted MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastases: comparison of conventional spin-echo, fast spin-echo, and echoplanar pulse sequences.

The purpose of our study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fat-suppressed T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with conventional spin-echo (SE), respiratory-triggered fast SE, and breath-hold multishot SE echoplanar (EP) sequences for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastases. Images obtained with the three sequences in 17 patients (15 with cirrhosis) with 31 hepatocellular carcinomas and 14 patients with 45 metastases were retrospectively analyzed. Image review was conducted on a segment-by-segment basis; in all, 248 liver segments were reviewed separately and independently for detection of solid, malignant lesions. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated with receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Diagnostic accuracy for hepatocellular carcinoma as determined by ROC curve analysis was better by a statistically significant amount for conventional SE (Az = 0.95) images when compared with respiratory-triggered fast SE (Az = 0.83, P < 0.05) and breath-hold multishot SE EP (Az = 0.80, P < 0.05) images. Conventional SE MR sequences should not be replaced with respiratory-triggered fast SE or breath-hold multishot SE EP sequences for T2-weighted MR imaging of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis, unless sufficient contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging is subsequently performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The protective effect of good physical fitness when young on the risk of impaired glucose tolerance when old.

BACKGROUND: The role of physical activity or fitness on preventing impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) has not been widely investigated. The present case-control study examined the relationship between the occurrence of IGT in men in their 50s and the level of their physical fitness while in their 30s. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 38 male Japan Self-Defense Forces officials in their 50s who had IGT, as diagnosed by the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, and 60 control individuals. Nine diabetics were included in the IGT cases. As an indicator of physical fitness between the ages of 30 and 39 years, we selected the best time recorded for each individual during that decade of life for the 1,500-m physical fitness test run. We calculated the odds ratio for IGT in relation to selected risk factors (including physical fitness), and a logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for possible confounding variables. RESULTS: The odds ratio (95% confidence interval, P value) for IGT with physical fitness in their 30s was 0.25 (0.11-0.58, P < 0.05). With adjustment for a parental history of diabetes and body mass index in both their 30s and their 50s, the odds ratio was 0.31 (0.11-0.86, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the occurrence of IGT, including diabetes, in men in their 50s can be reduced by maintaining a high level of physical fitness while in their 30s.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cross-sectional study on the relationship between smoking or smoking cessation and trait anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: The relationships between trait anxiety, or anxiety proneness, and smoking and between trait anxiety and smoking cessation, among an adult population were investigated. METHODS: The subjects were 2,669 male Japanese personnel working for a Japanese government agency. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on smoking and smoking cessation status and other habits. Trait anxiety was evaluated with the trait anxiety part of the standardized Japanese version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Trait anxiety is regarded as the long-term, more endogenous general type of anxiety. Odds ratios of the single 2 x 2 table were calculated and a logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for age. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, high trait anxiety did not increase the risk of smoking and was not related to success in abstaining from smoking. More subjects with high trait anxiety had planned to stop smoking (adjusted odds ratio: 1.39, P = 0.01) but did not actually succeed in doing so. CONCLUSION: The present study did not support the hypothesis that high trait anxiety increased the risk of having a smoking habit and that high trait anxiety increased the chance of abstaining from smoking. However, the study did show that high trait anxiety was related to the planning of smoking cessation, but not to actually giving up the smoking habit.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

MR findings of bowlegs in toddlers.

BACKGROUND: Toddlers with severe physiologic tibial bowing are considered to be at risk for the development of Blount's disease. Objective. To correlate MR findings of the knee with the clinical outcome in toddlers with severe physiological tibial bowing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR findings were evaluated in 22 affected legs of 14 children with severe tibial bowing (mean age 1.9 years). In 18 affected legs, MR findings were compared with the transition of the tibial metaphyseal-diaphyseal angle (MDA) and tibiofemoral angle (TFA) measured serially between 2 and 3 years of age. RESULTS: MR findings of severe tibial bowing comprised undulation of the posteromedial physis of the tibia (3/22), signal alterations in the medial tibial metaphysis (10/22), T2 prolongation in the posteromedial tibial epiphyseal cartilage (14/22) and signal changes in the medial menisci (18/22). The decrease in the TFA was different in the legs with and without increased signal in the epiphyseal cartilage, and the decrease in the MDA was different in the legs with and without physeal undulation. CONCLUSION: MR imaging findings can predict the retarded resolution of tibial bowing, which may be a risk factor for the development of Blount's disease.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed1999

Clinical outcome of microsurgery for obstructive azoospermia.

BACKGROUND: Recent technical advances in microscopy have greatly improved the reconstruction of the seminal tract in cases of obstructive azoospermia. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical outcome of 28 patients with obstructive azoospermia who underwent microsurgical reconstruction (i.e. vasovasostomy or unilateral epididymovasostomy). Diagnoses included postvasectomy (n = 9), childhood inguinal herniorrhaphy (n = 10) and cases of unknown cause (n = 9). Six of the unknown cases proved to be inoperable. We analyzed the outcome of the surgical reconstructions of operable cases according to the causes of obstruction, duration of obstruction, quality of the fluid obtained from the distal seminal tract (concentration, morphology and motility of sperm) and the histologic findings of the testis. RESULTS: The surgical outcome was analyzed with regard to the incidence of patency and pregnancy. The incidence of patency achieved in nine vasectomy cases was 89%, while the incidence of pregnancy was 44%. In contrast, the incidence of patency in the nine operable cases with herniorrhaphy was 44%, while the pregnancy rate was 0%. Of four cases of unknown cause who underwent epididymovasostomy, the incidence of patency was 100% and the incidence of pregnancy was 75%. The outcomes were worse in post-vasectomy cases with long-term obstruction of more than 10 years; however, this was not statistically significant. The outcome was significantly worse in cases with low sperm concentrations. There was no significant relationship between histologic findings and surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical outcome of vasovasostomy of postherniorrhaphy cases was significantly worse than that of post-vasectomy cases. With regard to epididymovasostomy, a unilateral repair was clinically evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Treatments of generalized pustular psoriasis: a multicenter study in Japan.

This study analyzed data from treatments of 385 cases of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) from 325 hospitals in Japan. Retinoid treatment was effective in 84.1% of patients, methotrexate in 76.2%, cyclosporine in 71.2%, oral PUVA therapy in 45.7%, and tonsillectomy in 16.7%. Short-term therapy with systemic corticosteroid for GPP during only the phase with severe systemic clinical findings may be also effective (75.4%). However, these treatments for GPP each differed in clinical effects, prognosis, and side effects. These findings may be useful in creating guidelines for treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis. Further studies based on these specific clinical effects are necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Correlation of a defect of portal perfusion in the dorsal part of segment IV of the liver on CT arterial portography with inflow of the aberrant pancreaticoduodenal vein.

The correlation between an aberrant pancreaticoduodenal vein and a portal perfusion defect in the dorsal part of segment IV as demonstrated on CT arterial portography (CTAP) was investigated. 14 patients with non-tumorous defects of portal perfusion in the dorsal part of segment IV of the liver parenchyma, shown on CTAP underwent CT during pancreaticoduodenal arteriography. The defect on CTAP was shown as an enhanced area resulting from non-portal venous inflow in eight (57%) of 14 patients on CT during pancreaticoduodenal arteriography. In conclusion, the non-portal venous supply via an aberrant pancreaticoduodenal vein occasionally causes a defect of portal perfusion in the dorsal part of segment IV on CT arterial portography.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt associated with a large abdominal tumour.

Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt (IPSVS) is relatively uncommon, and is usually associated with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. We present a case of IPSVS that was considered to be caused by increased blood flow from a large abdominal tumour. The characteristic intrahepatic haemodynamics were demonstrated by CT angiography.

Hepatic Veins↗
PubMed1999

[Sodium azide: a review of biological effects and case reports].

This report reviews the biological effects and case reports of suicidal or accidental ingestion of, and occupational exposure to sodium azide. Ingested doses of sodium azide were estimated for the 6 survival and 4 fatal cases studied. The lowest dose among survival cases was 5-10 mg. The patient reported headache, sweating, and faintness within approximately 5 minutes of ingestion. Four victims ingested 20 to 40 mg and recovered within 2 hours. However, a man who took 80 mg reported chest pain for 6 months after ingestion. The smallest doses among fatal cases were 0.7-0.8 g for women and 1.2-2 g for men. All victims suffered from hypotension, tachycardia, hyperventilation, diaphoresis, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. There is no antidote for sodium azide. Detoxicants for cyanide such as sodium nitrite or thiosulfate were tried, but were unfortunately, ineffective. Sodium nitrite may worsen the hypotension caused by sodium azide, and is not recommended. Occupational exposure to sodium azide is thought to be common, however, fatal exposure is rare. NIOSH "Recommended Exposure Limits" for sodium azide is 0.3 mg/m3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Does psychological stress improve physical performance?

The purpose of this study is to determine whether psychological stress enhances physical performance and how personality traits affect it. The annual physical test was chosen as the psychological stressor. Ninety three students ran 50 meters as part of the test and one week after that as a control. The pulse rate and time were measured and pulse rate was used as an indicator of psychological stress. All students took the anxiety-trait scale test of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The pulse rate was higher and the time record was better in the annual physical test compared with that of control. When we categorized the subjects by the anxiety-trait scale test, only the high anxiety-trait students could run faster when faced with higher stress. In conclusion, psychological stress can enhance the physical performance of certain students. It is possible that psychological stress and personality traits interact and both of them affect physical performance.

Adolescent↗