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Biomedical subjects

Y Inaba

Publications and source records attributed to Y Inaba.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

The cause of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum revealed by CT during arterial portography.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the cause of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum revealed by CT during arterial portography (CTAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty patients who simultaneously underwent CTAP and CT during hepatic arteriography of the common hepatic artery formed the basis of our study. The frequency, site, and shape of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum on CTAP and the findings on CT during hepatic arteriography were determined. In 13 patients in whom nontumorous portal perfusion defects were observed on CTAP, CT was performed during selective angiography via the gastric artery, pancreaticoduodenal artery, or both. RESULTS: Nontumorous defects of portal perfusion were detected in 49 regions in 33 of the 160 patients (dorsum of segment IV, n = 30; dorsum of the lateral segment, n = 11; segment I, n = 8). Of the 33 patients, 16 had two defects each. Of the 49 nontumorous defects of portal perfusion, 38 showed enhancement on CT during hepatic arteriography. In the 13 patients who underwent CT during selective arteriography, enhancement due to nonportal venous inflow was seen in 16 of the 19 areas of decreased nontumorous portal perfusion (dorsum of segment IV, nine of 11; dorsum of the lateral segment, four of five; segment I, three of three). CONCLUSION: The main cause of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the hepatic hilum revealed by CTAP is decreased portal inflow due to nonportal supply via the parabiliary venous system. Thus, such lesions were also enhanced at a high frequency on CT during hepatic arteriography.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Screening of prostate cancer with PSA and transperineal six sextant biopsy].

OBJECT: The objectives of this study are to examine how many cancer patients we can detect among the outpatients whose PSA values are above 4.0 ng/ml, and to compare the usefulness of transperineal six sextant biopsy (ss-biopsy) with that of transrectal one. METHODS: All the male outpatients (above 50 years old) were inspected Tandem-R PSA levels and digital rectal examination (DRE). Among them, 129 patients showed more than 4.0 ng/ml of PSA values and/or positive finding of DRE, and underwent subsequent transperineal ss-biopsy. RESULTS: Cancers were detected in 52 patients (40.3%) without major complications. Among 64 gray zone (PSA 4.1-10.0 ng/ml) patients, 17 (26.6%) were found to be cancer by ss-biopsy, meanwhile only 2 cancer patients (8.9%) were detected from 23 gray zone ones by traditional directed biopsy. Application of PSA density could not be found practicable to eliminate unnecessary biopsies in the gray zone group. CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer could be found nearly a fourth in the gray zone group of the outpatients. To enhance the detection rate, obtaining at least 6 core samples are recommended from either perineal or rectal root.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Syphilitic orchitis: a case report].

Syphilitic orchitis is recently a rare disease in Japan. A 75-year-old man was referred to our hospital with the complaint of persistent swelling of the left scrotal contents in spite of prior antibiotic therapy. We suspected a testicular tumor because of lack of pain, and performed high orchiectomy. The specimen showed wide-ranged necrosis with a non-specific inflammatory change of the testis on hematoxylin-eosin stain. After performing analysis using a polymerase chain reaction method, we reached the final diagnosis of syphilitic orchitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Investigation of the antibacterial activity of faropenem against Streptococcus pneumoniae].

We evaluated the antibacterial activity of faropenem against penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PSSP) and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP). It was shown that the minimum inhibitory concentrations against 90% of the clinically isolated strains (MIC90) of faropenem, penicillin G, cefaclor, cefcapene, and cefditoren against PSSP were 0.032, 0.063, 2, 0.25, and 0.125 micrograms/ml, respectively. While those against PRSP were 0.5, 2, > 128, 1, and 1 micrograms/ml, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the bactericidal activity, at the level of 1/4, 1, and 4 MIC, of faropenem and the above four reference antibacterial agents against PSSP and PRSP. Against PSSP No. 127, a sensitive strain to both penicillin G and cefcapene, faropenem showed almost the same bactericidal activity as those of reference agents. Against PSSP No. 108, a penicillin-susceptible and cephem-resistant strain, and PRSP No. 57, a resistant strain to both of penicillin and cephem, faropenem of 1 MIC showed bactericidal activity, but reference agents needed 4 MIC to show bactericidal activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Cellular localization of interleukin-5 expression in rectal carcinoma with eosinophilia.

Eosinophilia often occurs in malignant diseases. This report concerns a female patient aged 76 years, diagnosed with rectal carcinoma with eosinophilia. Sera were obtained at two different periods (at diagnosis and after the operation) for the evaluation of levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5). The serum IL-5 level increased to 264 pg/mL, and returned to an undetectable level after the operation. The serum at diagnosis enhanced the viability of normal eosinophils in vitro, and this activity was inhibited by antihuman IL-5 polyclonal antibody. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that stromal eosinophils contained IL-5 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA), but no IL-5 transcripts were detected in eosinophils attached to carcinoma cells. In situ detection of apoptosis showed that several eosinophils attached to tumor cells underwent apoptosis and lost their eosinophil secreted cationic protein (ECP) and major basic protein (MBP). These results may suggest that activated eosinophils by IL-5 play an important role in host defense mechanisms, releasing their toxic granule proteins on adjoining tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Epidemiology of bovine ephemeral fever virus infection in Taiwan.

Sick animals with excessive nasal discharges and protruding tongue as a result of dyspnea were observed in the August of 1996. Eight strains of BEF virus were isolated from heparinized blood samples of the affected cattle. Most of the affected cattle were difficult to be treated and had a poor prognosis. A total of 516 farms in the 9 districts of Taiwan were affected in 1996. Among a population of 110,247 dairy cattle, 14,993 (13.6%) cattle were found to be clinically ill. During the epidemic, 1,685 (11.3%) affected cattle were culled or dead after the onset of the disease. Furthermore, a strain of Ibaraki virus was isolated from the blood sample of a sick cattle that showed pyrexia, labored respiration and solitary behavior in the affected farm. The cattle with Ibaraki virus infection had typical symptoms of BEF at the early stage of the disease, but neither stomatitis nor pharyngoesophageal paralysis was observed at the onset of the disease. The outbreak was presumably brought about by the low level or non-immune status of a large cattle population due to the negligence of BEF vaccination. Therefore, the disease easily recurred in Taiwan after a typhoon episode in the August of 1996, which resulted in the proliferation of biting midges in the field. No difference in the antigenicty was found between the new and the previous isolates of BEF virus. As analyzed by cross neutralization test, the isolated BEF viruses showed no relationship to the Kimberley and Berrimah viruses that were isolated from the blood of cattle and related to BEF virus in Australia. We have tried to advise farmers that they must vaccinate their cattle annually to prevent BEF outbreak in the future.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Pigmented viral warts: a clinical and histopathological study including human papillomavirus typing.

Although clinical, histological and viral correlations have recently been established among pigmented warts, homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and related types of human papillomavirus (HPV) (HPV 65, 4 and 60), the causes of the pigmentation remain unknown. In this study, comparative histological and histochemical analyses were performed with 53 pigmented (34 HPV 65-induced, 12 HPV 4-induced and seven HPV 60-induced) and 73 non-pigmented warts (27 HPV 2-induced, 23 HPV 1-induced, 12 HPV 63-induced, six unknown HPV-type induced and five HPV 60 induced) to clarify the causes of the pigmentation. Electron microscopy was also used to examine the pigmented warts. Many melanin blockade melanocytes were identified in all of the pigmented warts with Masson-Fontana staining and electron microscopy, and increased melanin in keratinocytes was also noted in 22 pigmented warts, suggesting that the dispersion of melanin granules in the dendrites of the melanin blockade melanocytes and the increased melanin granules in keratinocytes are the primary contributors to the pigmentation of the warts. The homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies might also play a part in the darkening of the warts, as only the cases which had the inclusion bodies as well as the melanin blockade melanocytes were clinically pigmented. Although melanin blockade melanocytes were seen in a few cases of HPV 1- and HPV 2-induced warts in which the homogeneous inclusion bodies were not observed, the warts were not clinically pigmented. Melanin blockade melanocytes were not seen in any of the HPV 63-induced non-pigmented warts. In conclusion, the pigmented warts were associated with one of the related types of HPV (HPV 65, 4 and 60), and the pigmentation of the lesions is thus thought to be caused primarily by melanin blockade melanocytes. The homogeneous intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies might also play a part in the darkening of the lesions. This is the first report dealing with the pigmentary disorder associated with specific types of HPV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Increase in glutamine-non-amidated muropeptides in the peptidoglycan of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain Mu50.

The peptidoglycan compositions of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strain Mu50 (MIC 8 mg/L) and hetero-VRSA strain Mu3 (MIC 3 mg/L) were compared in order to understand the mechanism of vancomycin resistance. As compared with Mu3, the cell wall of Mu50 had increased amounts of glutamine-non-amidated muropeptides and decreased cross-linking of peptidoglycan with a greatly decreased dimer/monomer ratio of muropeptides. In agreement with this observation, the peptidoglycan of Mu50 bound 1.4 times more vancomycin than that of Mu3. The increase in non-amidated muropeptides and the reduced cross-linking of the cell-wall peptidoglycan may contribute to the vancomycin resistance by increasing the consumption of vancomycin by the pre-existing cell wall of Mu50 and reducing the amount of vancomycin reaching the cytoplasmic membrane where the vital targets of the antibiotic are situated.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1998

Focal hepatic lesion detection: comparison of four T2-weighted MR imaging pulse sequences.

PURPOSE: To evaluate T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with conventional spin-echo, breath-hold fast spin-echo, respiratory-triggered fast spin-echo, and breath-hold multishot spin-echo echo-planar sequences for detection of focal hepatic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2-weighted MR images obtained with the four sequences in 56 patients with 107 solid and 124 nonsolid lesions were retrospectively analyzed. Image review was conducted on a liver segment-by-segment basis; a total of 408 liver segments were reviewed separately and independently for solid and nonsolid lesions by three radiologists. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: Lesion-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio was highest with multishot echo-planar images of both solid and nonsolid lesions. Diagnostic accuracy for solid lesions was statistically significantly better with conventional spin-echo images than with any other type of image (P < .0001). Diagnostic accuracy for nonsolid lesions was statistically significantly better with respiratory-triggered fast spin-echo images than with any other type of image (P < .0001). Image quality was best with breath-hold fast spin-echo images. CONCLUSION: Conventional spin-echo MR imaging should not be replaced with breath-hold fast spin-echo or multishot spin-echo echo-planar imaging, despite the shorter acquisition times that are possible with the latter two sequences.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Extrahepatic arterial supply to the liver: observation with a unified CT and angiography system during temporary balloon occlusion of the proper hepatic artery.

PURPOSE: To evaluate routes of potential extrahepatic arterial supply to the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients with liver tumors underwent computed tomographic (CT) arteriography of extrahepatic arteries before and after temporary balloon occlusion of the proper hepatic artery. The right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA), left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA), superior mesenteric artery (SMA), celiac axis, and left gastric artery (LGA) were evaluated. RESULTS: During temporary balloon occlusion of the proper hepatic artery, extrahepatic arterial supply was immediately evident in 22 of 23 patients (96%). The liver was supplied by the RIPA in 17 of 20 patients (85%), by the LIPA in five of six (83%), by the SMA in eight of 16 (50%), by the celiac axis in two of 10 (20%), and by the LGA in one of six (17%). There was no apparent relationship between the enhanced zones supplied by extrahepatic arteries and the presence or absence of nearby tumors. CONCLUSION: Extrahepatic arterial supply to the liver was readily evident in a large proportion of patients during temporary balloon occlusion of the proper hepatic artery. This finding suggests a need for consideration of extrahepatic arterial supply when angiographic intervention for liver tumors is contemplated.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Focal fatty change in segment IV of the liver occurring after gastrectomy.

In some cases, focal fatty change of the liver parenchyma has been attributed to local systemic venous inflow replacing the portal venous supply. However, no reports of focal fatty change in the dorsal portion of segment IV of the liver caused by direct inflow of an aberrant pancreaticoduodenal vein (APDV) through the parabiliary venous system (PVS) are available. We report a 60-year-old woman with focal fatty change in segment IV of the liver which occurred after gastrectomy with APDV shown on CT performed during selective gastroduodenal arteriography.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMed1998

Effect of heparin on hemagglutination by equine arteritis virus.

Heparin inhibited hemagglutination (HA) by equine arteritis virus (EAV) as well as did HA by Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), but failed to inhibit HA by parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3). The minimal concentration of heparin required to inhibit 8 HA U of EAV was 0.1 U/ml. In addition, most EAV hemagglutinin was retained by heparin acrylic beads, as was ADV hemagglutinin, but was not PIV-3 hemagglutinin. Mouse erythrocytes failed to combine with the HA inhibitory factor of heparin. However, mouse erythrocytes treated with heparinase had greatly reduced agglutinability by EAV. All these findings suggest that a heparin-like molecule on the surface of mouse erythrocytes serves as the virus-cell receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Hemagglutination with crane herpesvirus.

A crane herpesvirus (CrHV) grown in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells was tested for hemagglutination (HA) with erythrocytes from a variety of species at 4 degrees C, room temperature and 37 degrees C. HA was observed at all temperatures with erythrocytes from mouse, ddY and BALB/c strains, but not with those from cattle, sheep and chicken. Mice, ddY strain, showed an individual variation in agglutinability of their erythrocytes and erythrocytes from BALB/c gave a higher HA titer. The HA activity was inhibited by the sera obtained from naturally infected cranes, experimentally infected duck and immunized rabbit with CrHV. HI antibody titers of these sera showed a closely positive correlation with their neutralizing antibody titers.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of exercise at different ages on bone density and mechanical properties of femoral bone of aged mice.

We determined the bone density and mechanical properties of bone specimens from 5 groups of aged mice, which had been subjected to voluntary exercise at different ages. ICR 10-week-old female mice were divided into control (C), and exercise-trained during age periods of 10-70 weeks (EE), 10-30 weeks (GPE), 30-50 weeks (MPE) and 50-70 weeks (APE). It was found that in the exercise-trained groups body weight gain was suppressed during the exercise-training period, and that de-training accelerated weight gain. Bone density was significantly higher in all the exercise-trained groups than in the C group and cortical thickness index (CTI) was higher in the exercise-trained groups, except for the APE group. Maximum breaking force, ultimate stress and elasticity in the exercise-trained groups were higher than in the C group except for the APE group, whereas deformation in the APE group had a tendency to be higher than in the other groups. Blood C-terminal parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and calcium concentrations were similar among every group, but phosphorus concentrations tended to be higher in the exercise-trained groups than in the C group. These observations suggest that exercise-training at every age suppresses age-associated bone loss, and that the effect of exercise during youth is greater than that during old age. The results of this study suggest that the effect of exercise on bone at an older age is different from that at other ages.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Studies on lead-binding protein and interaction between lead and selenium in the human erythrocytes.

To clarify the function of Pb-binding protein and the interaction between lead and selenium in human erythrocytes, the following experiments were performed. (a) blood from a man who has not been exposed to lead occupationally, (b) blood from lead-exposed workers and (c) blood from control subjects working in the same plant were used. (a) was incubated with Pb and/or Se. Hemolysates of rinsed erythrocytes were applied onto a Bio-gel A 1.5 m column and eluted by 40 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.0). As the results, (1) Pb in erythrocytes was found in ALAD fraction. When Pb was added in vitro at 1.25 microM of final concentration, Pb content of ALAD fraction increased and the other Pb-containing fraction appeared at the position of a smaller molecular size than that of Hb fraction. When Pb dose added was increased to 2.5 or 10 microM, Pb contents in the newly appeared fraction was larger than that in ALAD fraction. The affinity of Pb with the protein in the new fraction was weak, and Pb was released from the protein by ultrafiltration. (2) There were main and sub-peaks containing Pb in erythrocytes from Pb-workers; the former was ALAD fraction and the others were smaller molecules than ALAD. The peak of Pb observed with the blood from a worker who has worked at the same plant for more than 20 years (chronic exposure) corresponded with the new peak which appeared in vitro Pb exposure. (3) As to the interaction between Pb and Se, there was no effect of Se added in vitro on the position of Pb-containing fraction and on Pb amounts in the chromatographic profile. When Se was incubated with blood, however, coexistence of Pb made Se concentration in erythrocytes high compared with the case of Se alone.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1998

Epidemiologic study of the relationship between schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum and liver cancer/cirrhosis.

In Yamanashi Prefecture, one of the former areas in Japan endemic for Schistosoma japonicum, there have been no cases of schistosomiasis since 1978. We attempted to find out in this study whether there was still a chronic effect of schistosomiasis, e.g., liver cancer or liver cirrhosis present in this region. The subjects studied were the population in Yamanashi Prefecture from 1973 through 1992. We divided the population into residents in an area endemic for schistosomiasis and those in a nonendemic area. We calculated the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for liver cancer and liver cirrhosis in both areas. The schistosome egg-positive rate of liver cancer and liver cirrhosis specimens from the patients in these two endemic areas was also calculated. Male SMRs for liver cancer in the endemic area were 188.5% in 1985 and 188.0% in 1990. Even today, many years after the last case of schistosomiasis, schistosome eggs can be found in the livers of deceased liver cancer and cirrhosis patients. The chronic effect of S. japonicum could contribute to the current high mortality rate for liver cancer in the endemic area, although we need to consider the other etiologic factors of liver cancer, e.g., hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and alcohol intake.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Treatment of patients with retrograde ejaculation in the era of modern assisted reproduction technology.

PURPOSE: We determined a rational strategy for treatment of patients with retrograde ejaculation in the era of modern assisted reproduction technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 7 consecutive patients medical treatment or retrieval of spermatozoa from the bladder was performed at a male infertility clinic. RESULTS: Antegrade ejaculation was restored in 3 patients, and spermatozoa were retrieved from the bladder and used for assisted reproduction in 3. Spermatozoa with good oolemma penetrating ability were collected by seminal vesicle massage. CONCLUSIONS: Modern assisted reproduction technology is a powerful treatment option for retrograde ejaculation when combined with a technique to retrieve spermatozoa of good quality from the bladder.

Adult↗