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Biomedical subjects

Y Homma

Publications and source records attributed to Y Homma.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Comparison between pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis: an assessment by selective alveolo-bronchography.

In order to elucidate the interrelationship between pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis, 23 adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were examined during life by selective alveolo-bronchography. They were classified according to radiologic criteria as centrilobular or panlobular emphysema or chronic bronchitis and according to clinical criteria as A, B or X types. A and B clinical types proposed by Burrows and Fletcher were almost in agreement respectively with emphysema and chronic bronchitis based on x-ray criteria. However, no correlation between A-type and panlobular emphysema or between B-type and centrilobular emphysema were observed. Centrilobular emphysema was diagnosed in 4 patients who had no history of findings of bronchitis. This suggests that inflammation of airways is not necessarily a cause of centrilobular emphysema. As a result, selective alveolo-bronchography was thought to be useful method to diagnose the type and severity of emphysema.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

A compound possessing antitumor and interferon-inducing activities derived from the common antigen (OEP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

OEP, a component consisting mainly of protein with small amounts of lipids and sugars, has been isolated from the autolysate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and purified by physicochemical methods. It possesses remarkable biological properties, showing antitumor and interferon-inducing activities. As regards the antitumor activity of the sample, the ED50 value against ascites sarcoma-180 was 1 microgram/kg mouse/day, and its interferon-inducing activity amounted to 15 units at a concentration of 0.01 microgram/ml. Both activities increased after protease digestion, reaching about ten times those of the sample which had not undergone digestion. The protease-treated OEP contained 17% protein, 14.5% total sugars, 31% lipids, 12.5% hexosamine, 3.8% KDO, and 2.7% phosphorus. Neutral sugars consisted of 12.4% rhamnose, 2.7% mannose, 66.9% glucose, and other unidentified material. Total lipids derived from OEP consisted of 65% loosely-bound and 35% covalently-bound lipids; the former contained C14:10, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, and C15:1 acids and the latter, beta-OH C10:0, C12:0, alpha-OH C12:0, beta-OH C12:0, C16:0, and C16:1 acids. The antitumor and interferon-inducing activities of OEP remained after the removal of loosely-bound lipids from OEP.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

[Production of 123I by alpha and 3He irradiation of natural tellurium].

In order to determine the optimum irradiation condition to produce 123I for nuclear medical use, excitation curves and thick-target yield curves were measured by means of stacked foil technique for alpha and 3He reactions producing 123Xe, 123I, 125Xe and 130I, both from natural tellurium. The 123Xe yields from natural tellurium are too low for routine production. However, by bombarding 76.5% isotopically enriched 123Te target with 30MeV 3He particles, 724 micronCi/micronAh of 123I would be obtained, whereas the level of 125I contaminat would be about 0.14%. 130Te contaminant in enriched 123Te target produces 130I alpha and 3He bombardment, although it has not been reported in the past. The 130I contaminant can be easily eliminated.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMed1977

[Radiochemical purity of 123I for medical use (author's transl)].

123I for use in clinical diagnostic procedures has been produced by bombarding antimony with 40 MeV 3He particles. The purity of 123I was measured with a Ge(Li)spectrometer and a low energy Ge(Li) detector. The 123I-product was followed for 1.5 months with a well-type NaI scintillation counter to establish the half-life and confirm the identity of the nuclides. In order to minimize the yield of 121I the optimum cooling time and chemical procedures are presented. After 20 h cooling, the 121I, 124I and 125I contaminants were about 1.8, 4.3 and 0.04% respectively. These values were in agreement with those calculated from the thick-target yield curves. The calculated absorbed dose to the thyroid by the 123I and by-product nuclides were only 4.3 and 7.3% of 131I. 123I could be measured at the window of 99mTc of a NaI scintillation camera and a curie-meter with an error of 10%.

Half-Life↗
PubMed1976

Effect of dietary polyunsaturated pork on plasma lipids and sterol excretion in man.

Pork, enriched in linoleic acid content, was compared iwth conventional pork in the diet of three human subjects with respect to the plasma cholesterol concentration and the excretion in feces of neutral sterols and bile acids. Since the fatty acids in pork glyceride have an unusual positional distribution, the redistribution that might occur during the absorption and disposition of a fat meal was also studied. The plasma cholesterol was lower with polyunsaturated pork, the difference, 14 mg/100 ml plasma, being of the order expected from the change in polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio. On average, the excretion of neutral sterols was 57% greater with polyunsaturated than with conventional pork in all three subjects, and in this respect the results resembled the findings with polyunsaturated ruminant fats. During the absorption of pork fat, the high proportion of palmitate in the 2 position of lard triglyceride served as a useful marker, since human triglyceride carries mainly unsaturated fatty acids in that position. There were stepwise changes in the fatty acid composition at the 2 position of triglyceride as the fat was absorbed, transported through, and cleared from plasma, the palmitate being gradually replaced by oleate and linoleate. By contrast, the total fatty acid profile in the triglyceride changed relatively little, implying selective reacylation with palmitate at the 1 and/or 3 position. During the clearing of dietary triglyceride, the porcine triglyceride was thus converted to the form occuring in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effects of ethanol on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism.

The effects of ethanol on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on the fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids were studied in three patients with ethanol-induced hyperlipidemia and in four normolipidemic men. In the three patients, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were much higher with ethanol than during periods when ethanol was isocalorically substituted with either carbohydrate or both fat and carbohydrate. In the normolipidemic subjects, plasma lipids especially in very low density lipoproteins, were higher with ethanol consumption only in comparison with a balanced diet but not when compared with carbohydrate-rich diets. Triglyceride enrichment of low density lipoproteins occurred uniformly with ethanol. Total sterol excretion, measured by isotope dilution and chemical assay, was similar during ethanol and control periods in two out of the three hyperlipidemic subjects. However, the proportion of bile acids was increased in all three hyperlipidemic subjects but in only one normolipidemic subject while on ethanol. Since cholesterol turnover did not appear to be necessarily influenced by ethanol, as judged either by total endogenous sterol excretion or from the slope of the plasma cholesterol specific radioactivity-time curve, the ethanol-induced increase in bile acid excretion amy not be analogous to other clinical disorders in which increased bile acid excretion and hypertriglyceridemia are associated with raised sterol production.

Adult↗