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Y Homma

Publications and source records attributed to Y Homma.

376 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Increased sterol excretion with polyunsaturated-fat high-cholesterol diets.

Previous studies have shown that polyunsaturated ruminant fats in the diets of human subjects cause an increase in cholesterol and bile acid excretion during the first 3 weeks of such diets. The present studies were designed to compare the effects of polyunsaturated (P) and conventional (S) ruminant fats at two levels of dietary cholesterol intake: a higher (HC) and lower (LC). Four study periods, each of about 3 weeks' duration, were conducted in 5 healthy subjects providing these dietary combinations: HCS, HCP, LCS, LCP. Neutral sterols and bile acids were measured in the feces, and sterol balances were calculated. Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly lower with P than with S diets at both HC and LC intakes. Changes attributable to differences in fatty acids and to differences in cholesterol intake appeared to exert independent effects. The major changes occurred in lipoproteins with density 1.019-1.045. Cholesterol absorption expressed as a percentage of the dietary intake was not significantly different with the four diets. Neutral sterol excretion of probable endogenous origin and bile acid excretion were significantly higher during the HCP than during the HCS periods, but the difference between LCP and LCS periods was less marked. Net sterol excretion was therefore significantly greater with HCP and LCP than with HCS and LCS diets, the differences being greater at HC than at LC intakes. Comparisons of diets with similar fatty acid but differing cholesterol intakes showed lower net sterol excretion with HCS than with LCS diets (presumably due to suppression by HC by cholesterol synthesis), but this difference was not seen between HCP and LCP diets. This finding, together with greater sterol excretion with HCP than with HCS diets, showed that enhanced sterol excretion with polyunsaturated fat was potentiated with higher cholesterol intake. This enhanced excretion was generally greater during the first than during the second 3-week period of polyunsaturated fat.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1968

[Aldolase].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in plasma lipoprotein constituents during constant infusions of heparin.

Constant infusions of heparin of 4 to 6 hours' duration were used to estimate the transfer of very low density lipoprotein constituents to other plasma lipoproteins. Eleven subjects were studied, 3 with Type III and the remainder with either Type IV or V hyperlipoproteinemia. Whereas only about 5% of the triglyceride lost from VLDL was recovered in the other lipoproteins, 44% of the cholesterol was retained in the circulation, in equal amounts within low density (d 1.019-1.063) and intermediate density (d 1.006-1.019) lipoproteins. By contrast, there was no apparent loss of protein, more than half of that originally in VLDL being recovered in high density lipoprotein. In subjects with Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, lipid and protein was lost from the intermediate density lipoprotein as well as from VLDL. In subjects with marked hypertriglyceridemia, cholesterol became redistributed from larger to smaller VLDL. The esterification of plasma cholesterol as measured in vitro, was apparently suppressed during the early phase of the heparin infusions, but tended to recover later.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Induction of transcription factor AP-2 by cytokines and prostaglandins in cultured mesangial cells.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Activator protein-2 (AP-2) is an important transcription factor for activation of growth- and inflammatory-associated genes. To detect AP-2 in the mesangium, the expression level of AP-2 was examined in cultured mesangial cells in response to various cytokines and prostaglandins. The level was also observed in kidney tissue samples obtained from patients with proteinuria and from a rat nephrosis model. METHODS: AP-2 was immunohistochemically detected with a specific antibody. The expression level was analyzed by immunoblotting. Human tissue samples were obtained from patients with proteinuria. Kidney samples were also obtained from rats with puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis. RESULTS: Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1 and IL-2, but not TNF-alpha, induced AP-2 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in cultured mesangial cells. PGE(2) and PGI(2) also induced AP-2 expression, while PGF(2 alpha) failed to induce this protein. High expression levels of AP-2 were observed in different cell types including mesangial cells of kidney samples from patients with proteinuria. Similar results were obtained from the rat nephrosis model. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the primary cytokines induce AP-2 protein in mesangial cells. AP-2 may act as a transcription factor to produce additional cytokines and growth-associated gene products, suggesting an important role for AP-2 for the function of mesangial cells in glomerular disorders.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progressive supranuclear palsy with limbic system involvement: report of a case with ultrastructural investigation of neurofibrillary tangles in various locations.

An autopsied case of a 65-year-old woman with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) characterized by dementia, hallucination and delirium is described. On neuropathologic examination, widespread neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) associated with neuronal cell loss and gliosis were observed in the basal ganglia, subthalamic nucleus and various brain stem nuclei, corresponding to the well-established pathology of PSP. In addition, a large number of NFTs with neuronal cell loss were shown in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdaloid nucleus, subcallosal area, anterior perforated substance, cingulate gyrus and anterior olfactory nucleus. Ultrastructurally, NFTs observed in the periaqueductal central grey, locus ceruleus and hippocampus were composed almost exclusively of straight tubules. On the other hand, those in the amygdaloid and anterior olfactory nuclei were composed mainly of twisted tubules of Alzheimer type. NFTs composed of twisted tubules alone were not observed. The present case was considered as a rare peculiar type of PSP which showed massive systemic appearance of NFTs in the so-called limbic system.

Female↗