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Biomedical subjects

Y Hiraga

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hiraga.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Changes in the peripheral vasculature of various organs in patients with sarcoidosis--possible role of microangiopathy.

Vascular involvement in sarcoidosis is briefly reviewed with emphasis on the outcome of a 10-year project-study by the Sarcoidosis Research Committee of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. Examples of vascular disorder associated with sarcoidosis are presented, including basal lamina layering of the capillaries in the skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and lung, glomerulopathy in the kidney, vascular changes in the ocular fundus and bronchi, and impaired peripheral circulation that could be detected by thermography. According to our tentative definition, all of these disorders should be collectively called microangiopathy. The possible role of microangiopathy in the pathogenetic mechanism of sarcoidosis is also discussed. Although microangiopathy in sarcoidosis is a comprehensive term, it should be included, in addition to systemic granulomatous disease, as part of the clinicopathological entity of sarcoidosis.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1986

Subretinal neovascularisation and snow banking in a case of sarcoidosis: case report.

A 49-year-old Japanese man presented with chronic granulomatous uveitis in his left eye. Later he developed macular subretinal neovascularisation. The chest x-ray showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopy and gallium-67 scanning were positive, PPD skin test negative, and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels increased. Ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography of the left eye showed perivasculitis, retinochoroidal exudates, snow banking, and vitreous opacity. On these findings, the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. Treatment was based on topical corticosteroids, mydriatics, beta blockers, and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. After 15 months the visual acuity decreased in the left eye, and a neovascular membrane was observed in the macula. Fluorescein angiography confirmed subretinal neovascularisation. Almost two years later the patient still has the neovascular membrane in his left eye.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1986

[A phase II study of intravenous VP-16-213 in small cell and non-small cell carcinoma of the lung].

A phase II clinical trial of VP-16-213 was carried out in 71 patients with small cell and non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. Forty-eight evaluable cases consisted of 36 small cell carcinomas, 7 epidermoid carcinomas, 4 adenocarcinomas and one unclassified carcinoma. VP-16-213 was administered by drip infusion at dosages of 60-100mg/m2/day for 5-consecutive days at 3-4 week intervals. Twelve of 36 (33.3%) small cell carcinomas had partial responses, while no responses were obtained in non-small cell carcinomas. Median duration of responses was 46 days (range 31-133 days). The dose limiting toxicity was leukopenia. Median number of days to nadir was 14 days and median numbers of days for recovery was 11 days. Nausea (38%), vomiting (12%), anorexia (45%) and alopecia (74%) were major clinical toxicities although these were mild or reversible. We concluded that VP-16-213 was useful in the treatment of small cell lung cancer and the dose schedule used in this study was recommendable with small dose reduction for further trial of combination chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of astromicin by intravenous drip infusion. Report I. Bacterial infections in the field of internal medicine].

Intravenous drip infusion of a new aminoglycoside agent, astromicin (ASTM), was used against various infections in the field of internal medicine, and its clinical efficacy and safety were studied. Clinical effects were evaluated in 105 among 111 patients administered with ASTM. Almost all the patients were given 200 mg of ASTM twice a day by intravenous drip infusion for 60 minutes. Among 105 cases, clinical effects of ASTM were excellent in 15, good in 56, fair in 10 and poor in 24. The number of cases who were judged as excellent or good was 71, and the efficacy rate was 67.6%. Efficacy rates classified by diseases were as follows; 80% (4/5 cases) in sepsis, 55.6% (5/9 cases) in urinary tract infections, and 68.1 (62/91 cases) in respiratory tract infections (RTI). In 91 cases with RTI, clinical effects of ASTM were excellent in 14, good in 48, fair in 9 and poor in 20. The efficacy rates classified by diseases of RTI were 77.3% (34/44 cases) in pulmonary parenchyma infection and 59.6% (28/47 cases) in chronic RTI and others. As subjective and objective side effects, tinnitus and malaise were observed in 5 (4.5%) of 110 patients evaluated for side effects. But, either symptom was mild and disappeared after the end or withdrawal of administration. Slight elevations of S-GPT, BUN and others were observed in 7 cases (6.4%) as abnormal laboratory test values. Safety and efficacy of intravenous drip infusion of ASTM were confirmed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of guanidino compounds using ninhydrin reagent. II. Guanidino compounds in blood of patients on haemodialysis therapy.

An automated high-performance liquid chromatographic method using alkali-ninhydrin reagent for the post-column derivatization of guanidines has been developed. This procedure was applied to measurements made before and after haemodialysis. Among the guanidino compounds found in human blood, methylguanidine showed the lowest removal rate. The removal rate of guanidinosuccinic acid correlated with the plasma alpha 1-globulin fraction. The removal rate of each guanidino compound decreased with the period of dialysis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1985

Cleavage of des-Arg9-bradykinin by angiotensin I-converting enzyme from pig kidney cortex.

Fast and very slow hydrolyses of des-Arg9-bradykinin and angiotensin II by angiotensin I-converting enzyme were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The Michaelis constants of the enzyme, Km values, for des-Arg9-bradykinin and bradykinin were found to be 0.24 mM and 4.4 microM, and the maximum velocities, Vmax values (mumol . min-1 . mg protein-1) for these compounds to be 3.24 and 0.34, respectively. The enzyme also hydrolyzed Z-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ala to a tripeptide that was identified as dansyl-Gly-Pro-Ala by TLC on polyamide. These observations show that the enzyme hydrolyzes the peptides at the bond before the prolyl residue in the penultimate position.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1984

Effects of cholinergic and monoaminergic antagonists and tranquilizers upon spatial memory in rats.

To explore the pharmacological mechanisms of the spatial memory, performance on the radial arm maze was tested in rats under the following drugs, using a within-subject design; scopolamine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg), methylscopolamine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg), phentolamine (5 and 10 mg/kg), propranolol (10 and 20 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (1 and 2 mg/kg), and chlordiazepoxide (5 and 10 mg/kg). The number of correct choices was significantly decreased by scopolamine, while the other drugs, including methylscopolamine, showed no effects on the correct choices. Almost all drugs affected the running time. These findings indicate that the brain cholinergic system is involved in the spatial memory.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical studies of cefaclor for respiratory tract infections].

Cefaclor (CCL) was administered to 27 patients with acute pneumonia and the following results were obtained. CCL was given 500 mg t. i. d. for 6 to 23 days. The clinical effects of CCL were excellent in 2 cases, good in 14 cases, fair in 6 cases and poor in 5 cases, the efficacy rate was 59.3%. No adverse reaction was observed. We conclude that CCL is considerably useful in the treatment of acute pneumonia of outpatients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Recent advances in studies of rat memory in the radial-arm maze].

Radial-arm maze task provides a new experimental paradigm for assessing animal memory, which is different from those of the traditional mazes such as T- and Y-mazes. Radial-arm maze consists of a central platform and multiple (usually 8) arms extending radially from the platform. The animal (the rat in the most cases) is trained for one trial a day to eat pellets placed in the end of each arm, and after trainings for 1-2 weeks, it becomes to obtain the pellets efficiently, i.e., without reentering the arms already visited in that trial. The effective performance in this task is based on the following two kinds of memory components: "reference memory", which includes information about the configuration of extramaze (mainly visual) stimuli, and "working memory", which incorporates the chosen arms in that trial. The information in the reference memory is effective across the trials, whereas that in the working memory is only in a particular trial. A series of experiments have demonstrated that the septo-hippocampal system is involved in the performance of this task, especially in the working memory component. It has also been reported that central cholinergic system plays an important role in the performance. Recently, the task is employed as a useful tool in such research areas as the experimental gerontology and the behavioral teratology.

Aging↗