Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Hiraga

Publications and source records attributed to Y Hiraga.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[An optimum dose-finding study of HR810 (CPR) in chronic respiratory tract infections].

In order to determine the optimal dose of cefpirome sulfate (HR810, CPR) against respiratory tract infections (RTI), an optimal dose-finding study was conducted on cases of chronic RTI, and the clinical properties of the drug were compared with those of ceftazidime (CAZ). Inpatients with chronic RTI were randomly assigned to 3 groups: an HR 0.5 g group, receiving 0.5 g X 2/day of CPR an HR 1.0 g group, receiving 1.0 X 2/day of CPR and a CAZ group, receiving 1.0 g X 2/day of CAZ. As a rule, the drugs were administered by intravenous drip infusion for 14 days, after which period clinical efficacy, bacteriological response, safety, and utility were investigated. Of the total 121 cases, 106 were subject to analysis of clinical efficacy, including 38 cases in the HR 0.5 g group, 32 in the HR 1.0 g group, and 36 in the CAZ group. Efficacy rates in the assessment by the committee were 84.2% for the HR 0.5 g group, 75.0% for the HR 1.0 g group, and 86.1% for the CAZ group, without any significant difference between the 3 groups. The bacterial elimination rates were 73.9%, 75.0% m and 88.5%, respectively, without any significant difference between the 3 groups. Associated reactions were noted in 2 of 36 cases in the HR 1.0 g group (eruption and diarrhea), but not in the other 2 groups. The incidence of abnormal clinical laboratory findings was 23.1% in the HR 0.5 g group, 22.2% in the HR 1.0 g group, and 22.5% in the CAZ group, without any significant difference between the 3 groups. Utility rates were 84.2% for the HR 0.5 g group, 74.2% for the HR 1.0 g group, and 86.1% for the CAZ group, without any significant difference between the 3 groups. The HR 0.5 g and 1.0 groups showed no difference in clinical efficacy, bacteriological response, safety, and utility against RTI, and the results of both groups were about equal to those of the CAZ group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of scopolamine upon delayed radial-arm maze performance in rats].

Behavioral impairment induced by the muscarinic anticholinergic drug, scopolamine (SCP) has been widely used to make preclinical evaluation of nootropic drugs. To further investigate the disruptive effect of SCP on memory-related behavior, male Wistar-Imamichi strain rats were tested in the 8-arm radial maze task with a delay interval between choices 4 and 5. In this task, the animals were first allowed to obtain 4 food rewards out of 8 arms and then removed from the maze. They were replaced on the maze to collect the remaining 4 pellets after a delay interval, during which they were kept in their home cages. In experiment 1, a 1-6 hr delay interval was imposed. SCP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered immediately after choice 4. In experiment 2, a delay interval was always 4 hr, but SCP was administered 0-2 hr after choice 4. In both experiments, SCP significantly reduced the number of correct choices in choices 5-8, but did not show any effects depending on delay intervals or drug-administration time. These results suggest that the performance deficits induced by SCP might be due to its effects on the primary stage of information processing rather than those on the consolidation or storage process of memory.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical applications of Brånemark system implant in the Nippon Dental University Hospital. A 5-year report].

A clinical review was performed on patients who requested implantation and visited the Nippon Dental University Hospital during the five years from April 1985 to June 1990. This report describes patient characteristics and treatment results. 1. The total number of new patients was 127 (68 males and 59 females). Their ages ranged from 20 to 80 years. 2. The number of patients who were diagnosed with an indication for implantation and completed the 1st stage operation was 39 (30.7%). An additional 23 patients (18.1%) entered preoperative treatment and are waiting for their operation. Overall, implantation was indicated in 48.8% of all new patients. 3. The ages of patients at fixture installation ranged from 20 to 79 years (mean 60.54, S.D. 11.21) among the 39 patients (20 males and 19 females) who completed the 1st stage operation. As for the number of jaws, implantation was indicated in 40 jaws (21 in male patients and 19 in females). Maxillary implants were indicated in 8 jaws and mandibular implants were indicated in 32 jaws (1 male patient had indications in both jaws). 4. The total number of implanted fixtures was 198, of which 39 were installed in the maxilla, and 159 in the mandible (1 female patient was 5 mandibular fixtures installed at the University of British Columbia, Canada). 5. Of the fixtures implanted in 40 jaws, 94.9% of maxillary fixtures and 98.1% of mandibular fixtures remained stable after the 1st stage operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of BMY-28100 for bacterial pneumonia in comparison with cefaclor in a double-blind study].

The efficacy, safety and usefulness of BMY-28100 for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia were compared with those of cefaclor (hereinafter referred to as CCL) in a double-blind study. The daily dosages were 750 mg for BMY-28100 and 1,500 mg for CCL, divided into 3 administrations daily. These drugs were administered orally for at least 14 days. A total of 172 cases were enrolled in this study. Of these, cases which deviated from the protocols were excluded from evaluations. Thus, clinical efficacy was evaluated in 124 cases, adverse reactions were evaluated in 160 cases, and abnormal laboratory test values were evaluated in 146 cases. The following results were obtained. 1. Efficacy rates ("good" or better responses) in bacterial pneumonia cases as evaluated by the subcommittee were 81.7% (49/60) in the BMY-28100 group and 89.1% (41/46) in the CCL group, thus no significant difference was found between the 2 groups. 2. Efficacy rates ("good" or better responses), as evaluated by investigators, in the same bacterial pneumonia cases which were subjected to the evaluation by the subcommittee were 83.3% (50/60) in the BMY-28100 group and 88.9% (40/45) in the CCL group, thus no significant difference between the 2 groups was found also. 3. Bacteriological response rates in bacterial pneumonia cases were 86.2% (25/29) in the BMY-28100 group and 85.7% (18/21) in the CCL group with no significant difference between the 2 groups. 4. Incidences of subjective/objective clinical adverse symptoms were 3.5% (3/85) in the BMY-28100 group and 1.3% (1/75) in the CCL group, and no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. No significant difference was also found between the 2 groups in incidences of abnormal laboratory test values, as abnormalities were found in 21.1% (16/76) of the cases in the BMY-28100 group and 25.7% (18/70) in the CCL group. 5. As for overall usefulness of the drug in bacterial pneumonia cases, utility rates ("useful" or better evaluations) as evaluated by the subcommittee were 83.6% (46/55) in the BMY-28100 group and 90.5% (38/42) in the CCL group, and the rates as evaluated by investigators in cases judged as evaluable by the subcommittee were 78.3% (47/60) and 82.2% (37/45), respectively. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups. The utility rates as evaluated by investigators in cases in which diseases were diagnosed as bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess by investigators were 78.3% (47/60) in the BMY-28100 group and 82.2% (37/45) in the CCL group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[CT in eosinophilic granuloma of the lung].

We analyzed the chest CT findings in nine patients with biopsy-proven eosinophilic granuloma. Multiple cystic lesions with relatively thin walls seems characteristic of this disease. Small nodular lesions and increased density were observed in many cases. Pleural or subpleural lesions were found in all cases. In seven cases, the distribution of the lesions were predominantly in the upper or upper and middle lung fields. In the remaining two cases however, lesions were found homogeneously throughout the whole lung. In order to analyze the site of the lesions in the secondary pulmonary lobule, a specimen obtained from an open lung biopsy was inflated and fixed using fixative by Heitzman's method. Observation of the slices of the specimen by dissection microscope and their soft X-ray radiographs demonstrated that the lesion existed in the central area of acini. However, CT of the patient before open lung biopsy didn't showed centriacinar distribution. The disparity is because a certain number of lesions lobule is necessary to identify the centriacinar pattern by CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Pulmonary involvements of sarcoidosis].

We reported about intrathoracic changes and prognosis of 686 patients with sarcoidosis diagnosed in our hospital between 1963 and 1988. We evaluated CT findings in 135 patients with sarcoidosis and found pulmonary involvements in 81. We analyzed CT findings according to the classification by Tuengerthal which classified radiographic findings combining ILO classification of pneumoconiosis and characteristic findings of bronchovascular sheath with sarcoidosis. The CT findings were as follows: small opacities (44 out of 81 cases, 54.3%), large opacities (37 cases, 46.7%). Additional findings were as follows: peribronchial marking (42 cases, 51.9%), contraction (17 cases, 21.0%), pleural involvement (9 cases, 11.1%), bulla (5 cases, 6.2%). The characteristic CT findings of serious sarcoidosis were extasis of bronchus, thickening of the bronchial wall, unclearness of vascular shadow, atelectasis and thickening of pleura. Concerning the prognosis of pulmonary involvement, according to age, patients younger than 30 years old at initial diagnosis were better than those of 30 years and over in terms of disappearance of pulmonary involvements. According to stage, patients of stage I and stage II were better than those of stage III. Among the patients we were able to observe chest X-ray findings during five years according to the character of shadow, ill-defined shadow of small opacities and rounded shadows of large opacities had a higher disappearance rate of pulmonary involvements than irregular shadows of large opacities, atelectasis and contraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The cholinergic neurotoxin ethylcholine mustard aziridinium (AF64A) induces an increase in MAO-B activity in the rat brain.

Recently it was reported that there is an increase in monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity in post-mortem brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. It was postulated that this increase in MAO-B activity was due to gliosis associated with neuronal degeneration. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect on MAO of neuronal degeneration primarily affecting the cholinergic system. The specific cholinergic toxin AF64A (3 and 4.5 nmol) was injected bilaterally into the cerebral ventricles of rats. We then estimated MAO-A, MAO-B, dopamine (DA) uptake rates and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities in hippocampus, striatum and cortex, 1, 2.5 and 4.5 weeks after the injection. Marked long-lasting reduction in ChAT activities appeared only in hippocampus, consistent with previous reports. The MAO-A activity was unchanged as were DA uptake rates. Neither was there any change in MAO-B activity found 1 week after the injection. However, a significant increase in MAO-B activity appeared after 2.5 weeks and persisted after 4.5 weeks in all 3 brain regions investigated. This result is likely to reflect progressive gliosis after cholinergic neuronal degeneration. Previous results have shown an increased MAO-B activity with age and a further accelerated increase in Alzheimer's disease. Experimentally, hemitransection and injection of kainic acid have been shown to cause a similar increase. The present results show that changes in MAO-B activity also reflect degenerative processes in brain mainly affecting the cholinergic system.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage in the micronucleus test with mitomycin C in mice.

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and oral (p.o.) gavage were evaluated in the mouse micronucleus test with mitomycin C (MMC). The tests were carried out in 2 laboratories with the MS/Ae and CD-1 mouse strains. On the basis of a small-scale acute toxicity study and a pilot experiment, the full-scale micronucleus test was performed with a 24-h sampling time at doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg for both treatment routes. In both strains, a clear positive dose-response relation was shown by both routes. Although the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) was higher with i.p. on a mg/kg basis, this tendency was reversed when dose was expressed as a percentage of the LD50.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Double-blind comparative study of roxithromycin (RU 28965) and midecamycin acetate (MOM) in the treatment of pneumonia].

The clinical efficacy and safety of Roxithromycin (RU) were compared with those of Midecamycin acetate (MOM) in patients with pneumonia in a double blind study. RU and MOM were administered orally for 14 days with daily doses of 300 mg (150 mg b.i.d.) and 600 mg (200 mg t.i.d.), respectively. The following results were obtained. 1. RU and MOM were administered to a total of 204 patients (RU: 101, MOM: 103). The clinical efficacy was judged in 150 patients (RU: 70, MOM: 80), with 54 of the patients excluded from the total by the committee. 2. The clinical efficacy rates were 81.4% for RU and 70.0% for MOM on the basis of the committee's judgement. There was no significant difference between the two groups. In the evaluation of the clinical efficacy by the doctors in charge, the efficacy rates were 81.4% for RU and 67.5% for MOM, which constitutes a significant difference between the two groups (p less than 0.05). 3. No significant difference was found between the two drugs in bacteriological efficacy. 4. No significant differences were observed in either the incidence of side effects between RU (4.3%) and MOM (4.0%) or in abnormal changes in the laboratory findings. 5. Regarding the clinical usefulness judged by the committee, RU showed a significantly higher rate than MOM (79.2% vs. 67.9%). There was no significant difference in the judgement by the doctors in charge. From the above results, it was concluded that a daily dosage of 300 mg of RU was equal in usefulness to 600 mg daily of MOM in the treatment of mild to moderate pneumonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Mouse melanoma antigen recognized by Lyt-2- and L3T4- cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

A mouse melanoma (B16) antigen was investigated at a cellular level by three blocking experiments using monoclonal antimelanoma antibodies, soluble melanoma antigen, and enzyme-treated B16 melanoma cells as inhibitors. The activity of antimelanoma cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) was specifically reduced by addition of the mixture of two monoclonal antimelanoma antibodies, one (M2590) recognizing the cross-species melanoma epitope on GM3(NeuAc) and the other (M562) reactive with the mouse melanoma-specific epitope on protein molecules. The CTL activity was also blocked by GM3 liposome as well as by the soluble antigen. However, 3,000 times more GM3 than the soluble melanoma antigen is required to obtain a similar inhibitory effect. When pronase-treated B16 melanoma cells, which have had protein molecules removed but GM3 left intact on the surface, were used as an inhibitor, their blocking activity was greatly reduced but was still partly observed at a high inhibitor/target ratio. These results indicate that the melanoma antigen is not GM3 itself but is composed of the GM3-protein complex. This finding was also supported by using an interleukin 2-dependent CTL clone whose activity was blocked by both M562 and M2590. Antimelanoma CTL were found to belong to a double-negative T-cell population with Thy-1+, Lyt-2-, L3T4- phenotypes. L3T4+ T-cells were also demonstrated to be necessary for induction of double negative antimelanoma CTL.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Benign ventricular tachycardia in systemic sarcoidosis--a case of false tendon.

A 22-year-old female patient was diagnosed as having systemic sarcoidosis with pulmonary, skin and ocular lesions, and ventricular tachycardia in resting ECG. Although cardiac sarcoidosis was strongly suspected at diagnosis, no clinical symptom such as palpitation or syncope developed during the three year observation period. Cardiac silhouette was unchanged in chest X-ray and 201thallium myocardial scintigraphy revealed no abnormality. Ventricular complex was suppressed by exercise or tachycardia. Two-dimensional echocardiogram showed abnormal fascicular bands attached from the mid-septum to the apex (false tendon). Therefore, it was concluded that this benign form of ventricular tachycardia might be due to the false tendon, rather than to the cardiac involvement of sarcoidosis. The cause of arrhythmia is important when evaluating the prognosis of a patient with a systemic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of S 6472 granule preparation (sustained-release cefaclor) in chronic bronchitis].

S 6472 granule preparation, a sustained-release cefaclor, was orally administered to 20 acutely exacerbated cases of chronic bronchitis at a daily dosage of 750 mg (titer) in 2 divided doses for a duration of 7-15 days and its clinical usefulness was evaluated. Clinical efficacies were good in 17 cases and fair in 3 cases, with a rate of efficacy of 85.0%. Organisms isolated from 13 patients were totalling 14 strains, i.e., 5 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, 2 strains of Streptococcus sp., 2 strains of Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 strain of Haemophilus influenzae and 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus. All these strains, except the strains of Streptococcus sp., disappeared upon the administration of the drug. With regard to the safety, no side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values were encountered.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Amino acid analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Automatic pre-column derivatization with activated carbamate reagent.

Succinimido alpha-naphthylcarbamate, an activated carbamate reagent, facilitated the simple and rapid pre-column derivatization of amino acids for fluorimetric detection. The method is based on the formation of naphthylcarbamyl derivatives of amino acids. The carbamylation of amino acids is completed within 1 min at room temperature, and the reaction mixture can be injected directly into a liquid chromatograph equipped with an octadecylsilyl reversed-phase column. The effluent stream is monitored fluorimetrically at 370 nm excited at 290 nm at the sub-picomole level. Naphthylcarbamyl derivatives of common protein amino acids were separated within 30 min by gradient elution with aqueous sodium acetate and acetonitrile. Excess of the reagent does not interfere with the analysis of amino acids, because it is hydrolysed in 2-3 min to give naphthylamine, which is more strongly retained than any amino acid derivatives.

Amino Acids↗