Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Fujimoto.
A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital, complaining of gross hematuria and complete urinary retention. Right nephrectomy and suprapubic prostatectomy were performed under general anesthesia. On the second postoperative day, acute renal failure developed and peritoneal dialysis was begun. But, unfortunately he died the next day. Pathological diagnosis was malignant lymphoma infiltrating to the perirenal and periadrenal adipose tissue.
This report describes a 73-year-old male with early gastric cancer (type IIc) superimposed on infestation of a parasitic larva. Eosinophilic granulomas surrounding a dead worm were seen in the submucosa just beneath the intramucosal tubular adenocarcinomatous lesion measuring 1 X 1cm at the anterior wall in the acid-secreting area. The cancer cells showed lowered and altered mucin production in comparison with the surrounding non-cancerous fundic mucosa. The parasite was identified as an Anisakis-like larva by the presence of typical lateral chords. An immunohistochemical examination revealed that the cancer cells were more strongly positive for IgA and secretory component than the surrounding non-cancerous mucosa, and that IgG, IgA and IgM were detected in plasma cells around the granulomas but IgE and IgD were not. The possibility that the Anisakis-like larva preferentially infested the cancerous mucosa because of the change in mucin, local defect in acid secretion and/or other structural alterations in the area is discussed.
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Ultrastructural studies were conducted on the parathyroid glands (PTG) of 2- to 7-week-old nontreated control growing broiler chickens (group A, 6 chickens); the same aged chickens with experimentally induced vitamin D deficiency rickets (18 morbid chickens each from groups B, C, and D); and in 4- to 9-week-old chickens naturally affected with rickets (group E, 8 chickens). Four types of principal cells were classified in the PTG of clinically normal birds and in PTG of birds with secondary hyperparathyroidism as follows: Type I cell (small cell in the resting phase); type II cell (medium-sized cell with well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the synthesizing phase); type III cell (large cell with well-developed Golgi apparatus and cytoplasmic organelles in the packaging and secretory phase); and type IV cell (medium-sized cell with poor cytoplasmic organelles in the involuting phase). Many coated vesicles were observed in type II and type III cells. In young control chickens, principal cells of the PTG were considered in the resting phase; in older control chickens, there were increased numbers of cells in the synthesizing phase. In the vitamin D deficiency groups, principal cells were in the synthesizing and packaging and secretory phases. In birds with naturally occurring rickets, principal cells were in packaging and secretory phases, with a small number of cells in the involuting phase. The ultrastructural changes of the PTG from the initial to final phases in growing chickens with secondary hyperparathyroidism were demonstrated.
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Ascorbic acid (1 mM) plus Fe2+ (0.4 mM) and Ca2+ (4 mM) stimulated the release of arachidonic acid from rabbit kidney cortical slices. The release of arachidonic acid was inhibited completely by the addition of mepacrine (1.6 mM). Adrenalin (0.8 mM) enhanced the release of individual free fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:4). The release of fatty acids by adrenalin was not inhibited by mepacrine (1.6 mM), but was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (2 mM). These results suggest that the lipolytic process in kidney cortex may be mediated either through the activation of phospholipase A2 by Ca2+ and ascorbic acid plus Fe2+ or through an adrenalin-activated lipase system.
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Ascorbic acid and Fe2+ had a more powerful stimulatory effect on the lipid peroxidation of rabbit kidney medullar slices in 0.15 M KCl/0.02 M Tris-HCl buffer than in Krebs-Henseleit buffer. The lipid peroxidation induced by ascorbic acid and Fe2+ enhanced the release of unsaturated fatty acids from tissue lipids, but inhibited medullary generation of prostaglandin E. These results suggest that the lipid peroxidation induced by ascorbic acid and Fe2+ may inhibit the formation of prostaglandin E and that this inhibitory effect may be mediated by lipid peroxides via the inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase.
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1 The effect of lipid peroxidation on p-aminohippurate transport by rat kidney slices was examined. 2 Ascorbic acid and Fe2+ promoted lipid peroxidation of rat renal cortical slices in a dose-related manner. 3 Ascorbic acid (1.0 mM) and Fe2+ (0.4 mM) increased tissue water and decreased the accumulation of p-aminohippurate. 4 The addition of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (antioxidant), at a concentration of 1 x 10(-6) M, completely inhibited the peroxidation and recovered the accumulation of p-aminohippurate. 5 The apparent Km of p-aminohippurate uptake was increased by ascorbic acid and Fe2+ with no change in the apparent V. 6 These data suggest that ascorbic acid and Fe2+ can cause a significant alteration in p-aminohippurate and water transport of renal cortical slices and that these effects can be correlated with lipid peroxidation.
THe hemolytic and enzymic investigations of the crude venom from Heterometrus gravimanus scorpion have revealed the presence of both direct and indirect (phospholipase A) hemolysins. The direct hemolysins were isolated from the lyophilized crude venom extract by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, SP-Sephadex C-25 column chromatography, gel filtration of Sepharose 4B and Sephacryl S-300. The two direct hemolysins having high molecular weights, P (A) (M.W.: nearly 200 X 10(4)) and P (B) (M.W.: 22 X 10(4)), were obtained with the activity recoveries of 8% and 39.4%, respectively. P (B) was further separated into three fractions by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, namely F (A) (M.W.: 17 X 10(4), F (B) (M.W.: 4.5 X 10(4) and F (C) (M.W.: below 1 x 10(4), with the significant losses of direct hemolytic activities. However, F (B) had phospholipase A activity and this activity was partially inhibited by p-bromophenacyl bromide. F (B) and F (C) were soluble, even after the treatment of dialysis and lyophilization, in the isotonic saline and distilled water, and were homogeneous in polyacrylamide gels after going through disc and vertical plate electrophoreses. Furthermore, the schlieren pattern of F (B) also showed homogeneity of the preparation. The protein parts of hemolysins were found to be acidic ones. Although ultraviolet spectra of them were somewhat varied in accordance with their protein contents in the samples, the spectra of exitation and emission were almost identical. The direct hemolysins are presumably glycoproteins, since they are positive in the sugar reactions, and the difference between P (A) and P (B) is supposed to consist in the sugar part rather than that of proteins.
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