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Biomedical subjects

Y Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Aoki.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Successful treatment of acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia.

2 patients with acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKBL) were successfully treated with a combination of aclarubicin hydrochloride (an anthracycline), enocitabine (a derivative of cytosine arabinoside) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) or 6-thioguanine (6-TG). They achieved a complete remission following 1 or 2 courses. They remained well and in complete remission throughout 3 courses of consolidation therapy, a total of 9 weeks. The results of remission induction therapy of AMKBL have been reviewed in the literature. 4 of 7 adult patients, including our cases, treated with 3 drugs, anthracycline, cytosine arabinoside or its derivative and 6-TG or 6-MP, achieved a complete remission. AMKBL may not have so poor a prognosis as previously believed.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1986

Sex determination of the human skull based upon line drawing from roentgen cephalograms.

The shape of the human skulls was studied with the aid of a personal computer to establish sex differences in quantitative anatomical terms. On the roentgen cephalograms from 50 adult males and 50 adult females, the lateral profile was transcribed onto an acetate sheet, on which the contour from the nasal apex to the forehead was digitized on a tablet digitizer into a series of dots which were input into the computer system. After this chain of dots was simulated by a spline function, the places most typically reflecting sex difference were determined in the profile based on the radius of curvature computed at each dot. The eminence of glabella and the nasal root, shown to be the places of skull apparently most characteristic of sex, were approximated to circular arcs with the least squares method, the radii of which were expected to serve for sexing. In both places, Student's t-test revealed a significant difference between the male and female groups (p less than 0.01). It was thus demonstrated that in male the eminence of glabella and the nasal concavity develop much more markedly than in female, presenting as a clear skeletal difference between both sexes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Heat and chemical stability of blood group-specific immunoglobulins in the state of immunecomplex.

Immune agglutinin or precipitin loses its reactivity with the corresponding antigen by heating or some chemicals. A. Se group saliva or M group blood stain was sensitized with human IgM anti-A or rabbit IgG anti-M serum, respectively. After being washed with saline, the stains were heated or treated with formalin or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) of various concentrations. The immunoreactivity of the antibodies in the state of immunecomplex was examined by the mixed agglutination or elution test, indicating IgM and IgG antibodies in the state of immunecomplex were proof against heating up to 150 degrees C for 10 min and against formalin and 2-ME of high concentrations. It is considered that IgM and IgG acquire a new property of heat and chemical stability by formation of immunecomplex although they are substantially heat and chemical labile.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Transmigration of mitochondrial GOT in cholestatic liver injury.

Cholestatic liver injury was experimentally induced in rats by administration of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and the peak activity of mitochondrial L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (m-GOT) released in the serum was found to precede the peak of total GOT activity. To investigate the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane to m-GOT, liver mitochondria obtained from rats given ANIT were fractionated into two subfractions: one containing the matrix and the inner and outer membranes, and the other containing the intermembrane space, and the m-GOT in these fractions was determined. As a result, 12 hours after ANIT administration, the relative activity of GOT in the subfraction containing the matrix and the membranes was significantly lower than the control value. In the same period, the ratio of GOT activity to the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, which is a marker enzyme for the matrix, and the ratio of GOT activity to the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, which is a marker enzyme for the inner membrane, were both decreased by half. In contrast, the relative GOT activity for the subfraction containing the intermembrane space was significantly increased 12 hours after administration. Also, the ratio of GOT activity to the activity of adenylate kinase, a marker enzyme for the intermembrane space, was doubled. These results suggest that m-GOT, which is originally located in the mitochondrial matrix, transmigrated to the intermembrane space via the inner membrane under the effect of ANIT administration.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate↗
PubMed1986

Changes in polyamine metabolism in rat liver after oral administration of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate.

Changes in the levels of urea cycle enzymes and polyamine metabolism in the liver of rats treated with alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), an inducer of experimental cholestasis, were studied. Activities of arginase increased approximately two-fold compared to the control values during the period of 24-72 hours after oral administration of ANIT (100 mg/kg), while activities of ornithine carbamyltransferase and ornithine aminotransferase decreased. The activity of ornithine decarboxylase was elevated by approximately 20- and 10-fold at 12 and 60 hours, respectively, after ANIT administration. Putrescine concentration doubled 24-48 hours after the ANIT administration, but spermidine level rose more slowly and reached the level of 1.5-fold of the control level in 36-72 hours. Spermine concentration decreased initially but increased in 96 hours. These results suggest that the increased activity of urea cycle accounts for the increase in the ornithine content and that the putrescine and spermidine acts as the initiator of recovery of the liver damaged by ANIT treatment.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate↗
PubMed1986

The mechanism of activation of human natural killer cells by medullasin.

Medullasin, a serine protease in granulocytes, has been shown to stimulate human natural killer cell activity through its proteolytic activity, without interferon induction. The protease is considered to exert its effect directly on large granular lymphocytes, because firstly the extent of activation of natural killer cell activity by medullasin was the same between peripheral blood lymphocytes and purified large granular lymphocytes, and secondly, addition of medullasin-treated lymphocyte fractions containing few large granular lymphocytes to the large granular lymphocyte fraction failed to enhance the natural killer cell activity of that fraction. Studies employing inhibitors of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis showed that both RNA and protein synthesis, but not DNA synthesis of lymphocytes are necessary for the enhancement of natural killer cell activity by medullasin. These results indicate that medullasin in granulocytes enhances the natural killer cell activity by directly stimulating large granular lymphocytes to induce certain protein(s).

DNA↗
PubMed1986

Serum creatine kinase release and alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.

Changes in the serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and the mechanism of its release after administration of two kinds of beta-blockers to rats were studied in order to determine the mechanism of the increase in serum CK accompanying administration of beta-blockers. When pindolol or propranolol was administered at a dose of more than 10 mg/kg of body weight, the serum CK activity was increased in proportion to the dose. Also when an alpha-stimulator or an alpha, beta-stimulator such as noradrenaline and adrenaline was administered, the serum CK activity was increased. When the beta-stimulator isoproterenol or the alpha 1-blocker prazosin was administered, there was no increase in the serum CK activity. In terms of consecutive administration of a combination of beta-blockers and adrenaline, the serum CK activity was not increased by the second and succeeding administrations. As for the use of adrenaline alone, on the other hand, the serum CK activity after the second administration was equal to that after the first administration. The increase in CK activity after administration of adrenaline as the second treatment following administration of a beta-blocker as the first treatment was approximately the same as that after single administration of adrenaline. From the fact that the serum CK activity in rats was increased by administration of an alpha-stimulator and of a beta-blocker, it is possible that CK release in the blood is due to the action of alpha-receptors rather than beta-receptors. In the case of consecutive administration of a beta-blocker, the serum CK activity was not increased after the second administration. However, the serum CK activity was increased by the administration of an alpha-stimulator. This finding suggests the possibility that CK release is due to the disturbance of the balance between alpha-receptor and beta-receptor. Most of the CK isoenzymes released in the blood after administration of a beta-blocker were of the MM type.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Treatment for osteosarcoma--a study of thirty-two patients treated with systemic chemotherapy and radical surgery.

Thirty-two patients with osteosarcoma of the femur and the tibia were treated with systemic chemotherapy and radical surgery between 1976 and 1984. Adriamycin (ADR) alone, ADR plus high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor (HD-MTX-CF) (protocol A) and ADR plus HD-MTX-CF plus cis-platinum plus bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and actinomycin-D (BCD) (protocol B) were given as chemotherapeutic regimens. Twenty-nine out of 32 patients received chemotherapy both preoperatively and postoperatively, and eleven of 29 patients had a good response. Amputation was performed on 19 patients and en bloc resection on 13 patients. No local recurrence was detected in any of the 32 patients. The disease-free survival rate was 35%. Disease-free survival rate of patients treated with protocol A and protocol B was 25% and 91% respectively. Fourteen out of 17 patients who developed pulmonary metastasis underwent thoracotomy. Survival rate after thoracotomy was 50%. The overall survival rate of 32 patients with osteosarcoma was 56%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Age-related changes and sex differences in bone resorption in the mouse femur: a light and scanning electron microscopic study].

Bone resorption surfaces can be identified as rough areas by scanning electron microscopy. In this study, for understanding the principle of bone resorption and influences of gonads on the bone resorption in long bones, osteoclasts and bone resorption surfaces in the femur were qualitatively and quantitatively examined by light and scanning electron microscopy in 250 dd-mice of both sexes at 4, 7, and 14 weeks of age; some of the animals were gonadectomized at 4 weeks and examined at 7 and 14 weeks. The numbers of osteoclasts and bone resorption surfaces on the distal trabecular bones in the femur were large at 4 and 7 weeks and became smaller at 14 weeks. The area-proportion of the bone resorption surfaces in the distal trabecular bone region was large at 4 weeks and decreased with age. The number of osteoclasts and the number and area-proportion of the bone resorption surfaces were greater in females than males at 7 and 14 weeks. The sex-differences after puberty were large at 14 weeks than 7 weeks. After gonadectomy, the above values were not changed in females but significantly increased in males. In gonadectomized mice, the values were greater in males than females at 14 weeks. The results suggest that bone resorption activities change corresponding to the growth rate of the femur and receive inhibitory influences by male gonadal products, possibly androgenic hormones.

Aging↗