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Biomedical subjects

Y Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Aoki.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[5-FU concentration in tumor tissue and the antitumor effect in patients with gastric cancer after oral administration of UFT].

Serum and tumor tissue concentration of FT, 5-FU and uracil were measured in 23 patients with gastric cancer who were administered UFT preoperatively. The degeneration of cancer cells was evaluated histologically and the correlation between 5-FU concentration in the tumor tissue and the antitumor effect was assessed. The average concentration of 5-FU in tumor tissue (0.122 microgram/g) was significantly higher than that in normal gastric tissues. Serum 5-FU concentration was very low, suggesting no accumulation of 5-FU in blood. A positive correlation between the concentration of 5-FU and uracil in tumor tissues was found. A 5-FU level higher than 0.05 microgram/g was frequently demonstrated in tumor tissue, resulting in moderate degeneration of cancer cells in many cases. When tumors were classified according to histological type, intratumoral 5-FU concentration was not always correlated with degeneration of cancer cells. The above results suggested that UFT was a very effective drug for stomach cancer because of high tumor affinity for 5-FU, but that it is necessary to consider the sensitivity of tumor cells to antitumor drugs in order to obtain an excellent antitumor effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Present status of high LET radiation therapy--fast neutron radiotherapy in Japan].

More than 1,900 patients of advanced and inoperable malignant tumor were treated with fast neutron radiotherapy using 30 MeV (d-Be) and 14 MeV (d-Be) beams at NIRS and IMS between 1975 and 1986. Protocols were largely nonrandomized. Some results have been obtained: 1) results with mixed beam studies for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix have been equivocal compared with the photon controls. 2) some trends of local control have been observed in the trial of esophageal cancer, early cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung and malignant melanoma. 3) significant better results were observed in the pancoast type lung cancer and osteo sarcoma which was treated by the systemic multimodal treatment. It is concluded that neutrons are efficacious for certain specific tumor types owing to some biological effects, however the problem of inferior dose distribution was the weakness of neutron therapy at present.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

[Medullasin].

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Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Detection of metallothionein on nitrocellulose membrane using Western blotting technique and its application to identification of cadmium-binding proteins.

A convenient method for detecting metallothionein (MT) and other cadmium-binding proteins (Cd-BPs) in tissue cytosol was established. A sample that contains MT was separated on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and then electrophoretically transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane after reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on the gel. The membrane was incubated in a buffer containing 109Cd and then subjected to autoradiography. MT-I and -II in rat liver cytosol were detected as radioactive bands together with a Cd-BP of 60,000 Da. On the other hand, three Cd-BPs of 40,000, 29,000, and 24,000 Da were detected in the cytosol when the reduction with 2-ME was omitted.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Brugia pahangi: stage-specific antigens on microfilariae detected by serum from infected jirds or by monoclonal antibodies.

Experiments were carried out to determine whether there are stage-specific antigens on microfilariae of Brugia pahangi, using sera from Mongolian jirds infected with B. pahangi and monoclonal antibodies against microfilariae of B. pahangi. These studies showed that microfilariae have both stage-specific and nonspecific antigens. The nonspecific antigens were also present on adult worms and on infective larvae. Among monoclonal antibodies, 6 out of 14 clones produced antibodies against the microfilarial stage-specific antigens, and 8 clones produced antibodies against nonspecific antigens. These monoclonal antibodies could not distinguish between adults, microfilariae, or infective larvae of B. malayi and B. pahangi.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Infantile digital fibromatosis after web construction in syndactyly.

A case of infantile digital fibromatosis with an unusual onset is reported. A Japanese girl, with a simple syndactyly of the right ring and little fingers, had an operation at the age of 2 1/2 years. Three months after the operation, multiple nodules appeared at the skin graft edge. The nodules were excised but soon recurred. When the patient was 8 years old, a large-scale excision of the tumors was performed. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were shown by phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin stain, and the case was diagnosed as infantile digital fibromatosis.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Conformational changes of papain induced on interaction with thiol proteinase inhibitors from newborn rat epidermis.

The conformational changes of the papain molecular on interaction with two thiol proteinase inhibitors (TPI(1) and TPI(2] from newborn rat epidermis were studied by measuring circular dichroism (CD), the difference absorption spectrum, and the fluorescence spectrum due to tryptophan residues in papain. The far-ultraviolet CD band of papain between 210 and 230 nm was distinctly reduced on interaction with both inhibitors. Also, the near-ultraviolet CD spectrum of TPI(1)-bound papain changed between 285 and 320 nm as well as that of the TPI(2)-bound enzyme. The difference absorption spectrum for TPI(1)-bound papain exhibited two distinct peaks at 276.5 and 282 nm, indicating perturbation of aromatic amino acid residues. The fluorescence intensity of papain was significantly decreased on interaction with both inhibitors, which showed pH-dependency on an ionizable group, with pK values of 8.5 and 7.9 for TPI(1) and TPI(2), respectively. The complex formation of papain with both inhibitors caused a reduction of the susceptibility of a tryptophan residue, probably tryptophan-177, to chemical modification with N-bromosuccinimide. These results suggest that the active site involving histidine-159 in the papain molecule was much influenced by the alteration of the microenvironment of tryptophan-177 as a part of the interaction site for these two thiol proteinase inhibitors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

T cell-mediated inhibition of haematopoiesis in aplastic anaemia: serial assay of inhibitory activities of T cells to autologous CFU-E during immunosuppressive therapy.

T cell-mediated inhibition of autologous erythroid colony formation was found in two patients with aplastic anaemia. Each patient was treated separately with ALG and methylprednisolone. Peripheral blood T cells were cryopreserved serially during the course of the disease. The inhibitory activity of T cells was assayed after remission using autologous bone marrow. The inhibitory activity of T cells was lost following the treatment and preceded haematopoietic recovery.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1986

Familial supernumerary non-satellited microchromosome.

A small, non-satellited and metacentric supernumerary chromosome was ascertained in an amniotic fluid cell culture. The supernumerary chromosome was present in four of seven family members karyotyped. Of these four carriers, two were phenotypically normal, while the other two, the fetus and its elder sister, suffered from methylmalonic acidemia. The supernumerary chromosome was apparently stable, being transmitted through three generations without causing mosaicism. It had a single C band, seven G bands and was silver staining negative, a hitherto undescribed situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Early cancer and related lesions in the bronchial epithelium in former workers of mustard gas factory.

The bronchial epithelium in stepwise transverse sections was examined histologically in 66 male autopsy cases, composed of the groups of 19 mustard gas (MG) ex-workers with lung cancer, 17 MG ex-workers with non-lung cancer, 10 non-MG lung cancer cases, and 20 non-MG non-lung cancer cases. Foci of moderate or severe atypical cellular lesion or dysplasia, or of carcinoma in situ (CIS) in total slides of each group, were counted as 146 in 3,485, 72 in 2,226, 70 in 3,797, and 18 in 4,611, respectively. The relative frequency of moderate or severe dysplasia and CIS in MG exposed non-lung cancer cases resembled that found in lung cancer cases of both MG and non-MG exposed. Seven CIS lesions were detected from among all MG-exposed cases and one CIS was found in a non-MG lung cancer case. Six out of eight CIS examples were adjoined by dysplasia. A multi-variate analysis revealed a significant correlation between the incidence of atypical lesions and MG exposure, though the incidence of atypical lesions was also influenced significantly by age, smoking, and chronic bronchitis. The incidence of atypical lesions was significantly higher in cases of squamous cell lung cancer than those of other histological types, particularly small cell cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗