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Biomedical subjects

X Martin

Publications and source records attributed to X Martin.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Renal failure caused by renal artery stenosis: effects of revascularization].

From 1972 to 1986, 22 patients underwent surgical treatment for severe renovascular hypertension and rapidly progressive renal failure caused by atherosclerotic disease of the renal artery or dysplasia (group A), or by post-transplant renal artery stenosis (group B). 1. Group A (n = 16): These patients were assessed preoperatively with the measurement of serum creatinine and blood-urea levels (means 271 +/- 204 mumol/l and 15.6 +/- 10.3 mmol/l respectively) and renal clearances. 5 patients underwent aorto-renal bypass (bilateral in one case) and 11 patients were treated by autotransplantation of the kidney. Operative mortality was 6.2%. Improvement in renal function was statistically significant at 1 and 6 months postoperatively (p less than 0.05). After a mean follow-up of 31 +/- 12 months, renal function was normal in 8 patients, improved in 4, unchanged in 1 and worse in 2. At short and long-term, 81% of the patients were normotensive without medication of with an improved blood pressure (p less than 0.001). 2. Group B (n = 6): Transplant revascularisation was performed on average 10 +/- 8 months after renal transplantation. 5 patients had renal function impairment (mean serum creatinine 241 +/- 96 mumol/l, mean blood-urea 16 +/- 17 mumol/l) and 1 patient a posttransplant anuria. Resection of anastomotic (n = 2) or post-anastomotic (n = 4) lesions was carried out in all case with a new anastomosis (n = 2) or a "crossed" anastomosis (n = 4). On the 24th hour one patient underwent a second revascularization because of immediate postoperative anuria secondary to another anastomotic stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

[Local cholinergic agonists and paradoxal systemic reactions].

In relation to two cases of paradoxal systemic reaction following instillation of pilocarpine and acetylcholine, we discuss risk factors which promote these reactions and propose an etio-pathogenical hypothesis. Furthermore, as one of the patients presented also a hypersensitivity to epinephrine; he associated two manifestations which, to our knowledge, have not yet been reported in the same patient.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

[Endoscopic treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux].

Submucosal injection of Teflon for treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (the sting of O'Donnell) was used in 43 patients (66 ureters-21 bilateral cases). 14 patients were on dialysis and reflux was diagnosed at medical evaluation during pretransplantation work-up; correction of reflux was indicated as a preparation for renal transplantation. In another group of 24 patients with normal renal function reflux appeared as a simple congenital abnormality. 5 patients had reflux secondary to TUR or ureteral reimplantation. The procedure was performed under general or epidural anesthesia. Ultrasound examination of kidneys was performed 24 hours after the procedure, cystography and UIV was performed after 30, 100 days and one year. No ureteral obstruction were observed. In the first group of patients (on dialysis) correction of reflux was effective in 40% of cases. In the second group (congenital vesicoureteral reflux) correction was observed in 85% of cases (30/35 controlled cases). In the third group correction of reflux was observed in 83% of cases (5/6). Results in the first group of patients may be due to technical difficulties while injecting of Teflon in small, thickened sclerotic bladders. Though longterm results are still to be evaluated. The sting may be beneficial in patients on dialysis waiting for a renal transplant as it obviates the need for bilateral nephrectomy. In simple congenital reflux short and middle term results are excellent.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Revascularization of the renal artery in renovascular hypertension with progressive renal insufficiency].

Sixteen patients underwent surgical treatment for severe renovascular hypertension with rapidly progressive renal failure. These patients were assessed preoperatively with the measurement of serum creatinine and blood-urea levels (means 271 +/- 204 mumol/l and 15.6 +/- 10.3 mmol/l respectively), and renal clearances. 5 patients underwent aorto-renal bypass (bilateral in one case) and 11 patients were treated by autotransplantation of the kidney. Operative mortality was 6.2%. Early results were assessed at 1 and 6 months postoperatively. Renal function was normal in 8 patients, improved in 5 (p less than 0.05), unchanged in 1 and worse in 1 by aorto-renal bypass thrombosis. At long-term with a minimum follow-up of 12 months (mean 31 +/- 12 months), the initial improvement in renal function remained steady in 12 patients whilst 1 patient has gone on to hemodialysis. At middle and long-term, 81% of the patients were normotensive without medication or had improved blood pressure (p less than 0.001). These good results confirm the reversibility of renal ischemic lesions and support an aggressive attitude towards the use of revascularization in the surgical treatment of such patients with renovascular hypertension and renal failure.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

Ultrasound stone localisation for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

An extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor using an ultrasound scan head pantograph location system has been designed. The shock wave ellipsoid reflector position is adjusted to the stone with a computer assisted positioning device. Seven dogs with stones implanted into the renal pelvis were treated and stone fragmentation occurred in all cases. Subsequently, 45 patients with stones were treated. The stones ranged in size from 5 to 29 mm (mean 16). Radio-opaque as well as poorly opaque or radiolucent stones were treated and fragmentation was achieved in 85% of cases. An additional endoscopic procedure was performed in four cases. No fragmentation occurred in four patients. Further shock wave treatment was necessary in two patients who presented with stones larger than 2 cm. Both radio-opaque and poorly opaque stones can be treated with this system. Ultrasound localisation and the ellipsoid positioning device avoid the need for expensive fluoroscopic equipment and a hydraulic patient positioning system.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ophthalmia nodosa and the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud.

We present a case of ophthalmia nodosa and Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome in a patient scratched by a cat six and a half months previously and who gave a positive result to an antigen test for cat scratch disease. In conjunctival swabs were also found urticarial hairs, tracheal fragments, processionary caterpillar oenocytes, and a grain of pollen. The pathogenic part played by each of these foreign bodies is discussed, as well as the possibility of the oculoglandular syndrome being due to the reactivation of a latent virus, the organism of cat scratch disease. So far as we know, this work provides the first description of the association of ophthalmia nodosa with the oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Extracorporeal lithotripsy by shock waves. Initial results (322 cases)].

Results of 322 patients treated with extracorporeal shock wave desintegration are reported (277 patients treated with the Dornier lithotripter, 45 patients treated with Solonithe using ultrasonic stone location). Lesions treated included 168 caliceal, 111 pyelic, 23 ureteral and 21 coralliform calculi. 45 patients presented multiple and 28 bilateral renal lithiasis. Stones were mainly between 10 and 20 mm in diameter (157 patients) but were less than 10 mm in size in 110 cases and more than 20 mm in 55. For poorly opaque stone, lithotripsy was performed after ultrasound localization with the Sonolithe apparatus. The Dornier machine was used to treat 277 patients during 308 sessions, equivalent to an 11% repeat rate. Fragmentation was excellent in 84% of cases after a single session, and 5% of stones could not be fragmented and required complementary therapy. Out of 200 patients reviewed after 3 months, only 8% had residual fragments (92% success rate), 5% having to undergo auxillary endoscopic manoeuvres: stenting ureteral catheter (4 cases); percutaneous nepholithotomy (3 cases); ureteroscopy (7 cases). Septic complications (6 patients) responded well to antibiotic treatment. Renal colic or pain was recorded in 25% of cases. One kidney was non-functional at 3 months due to distal ureteral obstruction without subsequent dilatation of the collecting system. Out of 45 patients treated with the Sonolithe, 3 (6.6%) were failures of fragmentation and 85% had satisfactory results. After a minimum follow up of 3 months, 20/22 patients were free of residual calculi, and there were no complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Extracorporeal replacement of the renal artery: techniques, indications and long-term results.

Extracorporeal repair of the renal artery was done in 24 patients for complex lesions extending to branches of the renal artery (9 dysplasias, 5 atheromas and 10 aneurysms). The renal artery and its branches were replaced by a hypogastric branched autograft in 20 patients and a saphenous vein graft in 4. Indications for an extracorporeal operation were hypertension, preservation of renal function against progressive deterioration and extension of the lesion to more than 2 branches of the renal artery. Of 76 peripheral anastomoses 68 were patent postoperatively. Two secondary nephrectomies were performed. Mean followup was 54 months. Hypertension was cured in 19 patients and improved in 2, while 2 failed treatment and 1 died. An extracorporeal operation may represent the best alternative for treatment of renal arterial lesions involving more than 2 branches.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bladder secretion of inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal growth.

Differences in calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibition were studied in normally voided urine (bladder urine) and in urine collected directly from the kidney (kidney urine) in nine dogs. Urine samples were collected before and 10 days after bilateral ureterostomies. Calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibition was measured in a standard seeded crystal growth system. The alcian blue-precipitable material of the urine samples was determined. Significantly lower values were observed in kidney urine than in bladder urine for calcium oxalate crystal inhibition (mean difference, 0.07 +/- 0.02 inhibitor units/mg creatinine; P less than 0.01) and for the alcian blue-precipitable material (mean difference, 0.07 +/- 0.02 mg/mg creatinine; P less than 0.01). We conclude that the bladder adds calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibition to urine. Glycosaminoglycans from the bladder mucosa may be responsible; however, other acidic polymers such as RNA fragments or glycopeptides have been shown to be a constituent of the alcian blue-precipitable material. These are potent inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal growth, and their participation in the increase of inhibition observed in bladder urine cannot be excluded. Total calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibition present in normally voided urine may be an overestimation of the actual inhibition present at the level of the kidney, where calculi usually form.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1985

[An oculoglandular syndrome and ophthalmia nodosa].

A case of ophthalmia nodosa associated with an oculoglandular syndrome is described. The patient, scratched by a cat six-and-a-half months earlier, presented a positive cat-scratch disease antigen test. The possibility that the oculoglandular syndrome is due to the reactivation of a latent virus, the cause of cat-scratch disease, is discussed.

Cat-Scratch Disease↗
PubMed1985

[A simple and precise measurement of ocular torsion].

The instrument, derived from Mariotte's blind-spot experiment, permits the anatomical ocular torsion of each eye to be measured separately in primary position. This method was evaluated in a group of normal subjects, by comparison with measurements on fundus photographs. It was established that it was simpler and more accurate than measurement with the Goldmann perimeter and indirect ophthalmoscopy assessment. It complements subjective methods of measuring torsion by the double Maddox rod test or with the synoptophore.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Aneurysms of the renal artery: surgical management with special reference to extracorporeal surgery and autotransplantation.

27 patients underwent surgical arterial reconstruction for renal artery aneurysms. Hypertension was present in 21 cases. The indication for surgery was the prevention of hemorrhagic rupture in association with hypertension. Extracorporeal surgery was performed 13 times for complex aneurysms involving several branches of the renal artery. Simple autotransplantation was performed 3 times for aneurysms located on the main renal artery. In situ surgery was performed on 11 patients (5 aneurysmectomy-arteriorrhaphies and 7 bypass operations). Results on high blood pressure showed that 10 of the 14 hypertensive patients operated by extracorporeal surgery and/or autotransplantation were cured. 1 delayed nephrectomy was performed in this group and 1 death was observed. 39 of the 46 peripheral anastomoses were patent postoperatively. All patients treated with aneurysmectomy-arteriorrhaphy were cured. In patients treated with bypass operations, 3 thromboses of the bypass and 2 failures on hypertension were observed. Aneurysmectomy and simple arterioplasty are preferred for simple renal artery aneurysms. For complex lesions involving several branches and of an intrarenal location, extracorporeal surgery and autotransplantation represent an effective treatment on hypertension and preservation of kidney function.

Adolescent↗