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Biomedical subjects

X Martin

Publications and source records attributed to X Martin.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Renal autotransplantation versus bypass techniques for renovascular hypertension.

From 1972 to 1983, 78 patients underwent surgical treatment for renovascular hypertension caused by a lesion limited to the trunk of the renal artery. Forty-five of these patients underwent aortorenal bypass (24 saphenous grafts and 21 arterial hypogastric grafts); 36 patients (80%) had either a relief of the hypertension or were improved. Graft closure occurred in five cases. Thirty-three patients were treated by autotransplantation of the kidney. After resection of the lesion, the renal artery was anastomosed end-to-end to the hypogastric artery or end-to-side to the common iliac artery and the renal vein and side-to-side to the iliac vein or the origin of the vena cava. In this group all patients but one (97%) had relief of the hypertension or were improved. No thrombosis was observed. Late angiography was performed 5 years after surgery in 19 patients (nine autotransplantations and 10 bypass operations): patients who underwent autotransplantation had no alteration of the renal vessels whereas four patients who underwent bypass operations had dilatation of the saphenous vein bypass. Renal autotransplantation was superior to the bypass technique in the surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension caused by lesions of the trunk of the renal artery and may represent a better alternative in the surgical treatment of this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Extracorporeal shockwave destruction of urinary calculi after ultrasonic localization].

Shock waves generated by an underwater spark gap discharge, focused by an ellipsoid can destroy most urinary stones extracorporeally. A device were stones are localized by ultrasound and where the ellipsoid itself could move to be positioned in the adequate position would obviate the need for a very expensive two fluoroscopes localisation system, and patient positioning device. A regular ultrasound probe was fixed on a multijointed metallic arm. From the measurements of the angles of every point it was possible to calculate the exact coordinates X, Y, Z, of the probe. This system, thought not extremely flexible allows to perform ultrasound examination of a kidney in the bathtub and localisation of stones in vivo in good conditions. When the stone was seen on the screen, the angles given to the joints were automatically recorded and the coordinates of the stone were instantly calculated with a personal computer. The computer program was able to calculate the displacement of the ellipsoid necessary to adjust its focal point on the X, Y, Z coordinates. The ellipsoid moved through a simple 3 motors system. Destruction of the stone was performed by shock waves. Progression of the disintegration was followed by plain X-rays performed in the bath tube with a portable X-ray apparatus. This device was tested in 7 dogs with stones surgically implanted in the renal pelvis. In every case, the stone was localised and disintegrated in fragments of the order of one millimeter using 700 to 2 000.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Role of renal autotransplantation in the treatment of renal arterial lesions].

112 patients with hypertensive lesions of the renal artery were studied. 33 patients with stenosis of the trunk of the renal artery were operated with autotransplantation. 10 patients had lesions of the main branches of the renal artery and in these cases autotransplantation with the anastomosis of the two main renal artery branches to the two main branches of the hypogastric artery was performed. 24 patients with complex lesions of renal artery branches were treated with autotransplantation associated with extracorporeal repair of the renal artery. 45 patients, with lesions of the trunk of the renal artery were operated by aortorenal bypass. For lesions of the main renal artery, results were better in the group of patients treated by simple autotransplantation (82% of patients cured versus 46% with bypass operation). For lesions involving multiple branches of the renal artery extracorporeal replacement of the renal artery followed by autotransplantation often represents to the sole technique to prevent nephrectomy. Hypertension was cured or improved in more than 80% of cases. We believe autotransplantation to be the best operation for lesions of the renal artery in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Technic and results of ureteroscopy for ureteral lithiasis. Apropos of 54 ureteroscopies].

Rigid ureteroscopy has been performed 54 times in 49 patients with ureteral stones. In 72% of the cases stones were removed or disintegrated with the ultrasound or electrohydraulic probe. Best results were obtained in the pelvic ureter (96,5% success). In the lumbar ureter only 56% success was obtained. Complications were observed in 15% of the cases, however only one complication necessitated an immediate open surgical operation.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1985

[Cancer of the prostate: role of surgery in the evaluation of lymph node extension].

None of the non surgical methods for investigations of the lymph node extension of prostate carcinoma is entirely satisfactory. However, the risk of lymphatic extension is correctly appreciated when the initial tumor is well documented by rectal examination and endo-rectal ultrasonography. Histology shows an increasing interest. IVP, CT scan are of little interest for micrometastases while the results of lymphography are improved by cytoaspiration of abnormal models. Lymphadenectomy gives the most accurate appreciation of the lymphatic extension. The reliability of frozen sections interpretation is now very satisfactory. When limited to the triangle: external iliac artery, internal iliac artery and obturator fossa, the morbidity is reduced. In case of negative lymph nodes, radical prostatectomy gives to the patients a reasonable chance of complete cure.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1984

Pentosan polysulfate as an inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystal growth.

Pentosan polysulfate was studied as a calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor. The inhibition from pentosan polysulfate at concentrations ranging from 3.5 to 110 mg./l. was measured in simple inorganic calcium oxalate solutions at pH 5, 6 and 7. Pentosan polysulfate also was mixed with urine at concentrations from 10 to 350 mg./l. and inhibition determined. Measurement of calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibition was performed in a seeded crystal growth system. One inhibitory unit (concentration of pentosan polysulfate necessary to give a 50 per cent reduction in the rate of crystal growth) was 5.7 +/- 2 mg./l. at pH 5, 7.2 +/- 1.1 mg./l. at pH 6 and 6.0 +/- 2.1 mg./l. at pH 7. Urine-pentosan polysulfate mixtures showed more inhibitory activity than the predicted inhibition present. Addition of pentosan polysulfate to urine at a concentration of 10 mg./l. increased the inhibitory activity from 45 +/- 3 to 59 +/- 3 IU/l. Pentosan polysulfate is a potent calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor in urine at physiologic pH levels. If the urinary concentration of pentosan polysulfate after oral administration reaches 10 mg./l., the increase in inhibitory activity in urine that may occur might be important in the treatment of patients who form calcium oxalate calculi within the urinary tract.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1984

Calcium oxalate dihydrate formation in urine.

Factors that promote the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) in urine were investigated. Crystals resulting from the incubation of 25-ml aliquots of the solution to be tested and 1 ml of 0.05 M ammonium oxalate were examined by infrared spectrophotometry. With reference spectra of known mixtures, the fractional content of COD could be estimated. At pH 6.5, only COD formed in human urine. In a supersaturated inorganic solution of calcium oxalate, the percentage of COD was 7.5 +/- 1.4. Pyrophosphate (1 to 8 X 10(-5) M), citrate (10(-4) to 2 X 10(-3) M), RNA from yeast (5 X 10(-9) to 0.5 X 10(-7) M), or heparin (2 X 10(-9) to 2 X 10(-7) M) added to a supersaturated solution of calcium oxalate increased the percentage of COD proportional to the concentration of the additives. Chondroitin sulfate and magnesium had no effect. An increase in pH increased the formation of COD in inorganic solutions containing citrate, pyrophosphate, and heparin and in undiluted urine. RNA-citrates and citrate-pyrophosphate mixtures showed additivity. Urine showed an effect that was inversely proportional to its dilution. Substances that promote COD formation in this system had their phase-stabilizing effects at concentrations normally found in urine. Further, these same substances are known inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal formation. With both inhibition and phase stabilization, there is additivity of effects, and changes in pH alter the response.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Intraocular pressure and the trigeminal ganglion].

The way in which aqueous humor secretion and intraocular pressure are regulated is not well known. In order to shed light on the role played by the sensory nervous system in this regulation, hourly intraocular pressure measurements were made on patients who had undergone surgery of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Microsurgery of the renal arteries].

The extracorporal microsurgery of renal artery branches has improved the therapeutic possibilities of complicated vascular abnormalities. Intrarenal stenoses can only be treated by this technique and excellent therapeutic conditions are rendered possible, if more than two artery branches have to be replaced. The technical results are satisfactory, if the quality of the renal parenchyma is considered, which has been abnormal in a number of cases at the moment of the surgical treatment. The results concerning the arterial hypertension and the renal function are remarkable, when considering the fact that most of the kidneys treated by this technique would have been removed some years ago.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Neuronal and transneuronal tracing in the trigeminal system of the rat using the herpes virus suis.

The herpes virus suis has been used as a tracer for the pathways in the central nervous system of the rat. The viruses have been inoculated in various peripheral structures innervated by the trigeminal nerve, namely in the cornea by instillation or scarification, in the anterior chamber of the eye by injection and also by subconjunctival injection, nasal instillation and injection in the masseter muscle. The herpes virus suis is easy to detect by immunofluorescence or electron microscopy, the tracing is precise because it does not diffuse, as some other tracers. The virus is replicated at the site of inoculation and at each neuronal relay, thus 'fresh' tracer is continuously brought into the system. The herpes virus suis is transported by retrograde axonal flow. It has been observed in the motor sensory, sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways up to the central nuclei, which demonstrates transneuronal transport. The selectivity of this tracer, applied to the trigeminal pathways, has allowed us to understand the function of the 3 types of neurons present in the trigeminal ganglion, namely to confirm their somatotopy and establish their central projections in the trigeminal system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Functional value of the pancreatic microtransplant in rats after intraductal injection of chloroprene].

Microsurgery permits the carrying out of pancreatic isografts in inbred rats. By this experimental pattern, it is possible to study the technical problems of pancreatic transplantation without interference from the immune reaction. The research of suppressing exocrine function in the graft by intraductal chloroprene injection and the study of the short-term effects of this procedure on endocrine function of the pancreas are the aim of this work. These experiments show that injection of chloroprene into the main pancreatic duct is an effective method of selective suppression of pancreatic exocrine function without interference with endocrine function. This procedure prevents the high mortality and morbidity which characterizes the other procedures with pancreatic juice derivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Successive appearance of carcinoma, tuberculosis and nephrolithiasis in a renal allograft.

A small renal cell carcinoma was transplanted inadvertently with a kidney from a living donor and was treated with partial nephrectomy. Secondarily, tuberculosis of the renal allograft appeared, which was followed by nephrolithiasis. The kidney was left in place, immunosuppressive treatment was continued and renal function is normal more than 8 years after transplantation, with no sign of the cancer progressing or reactivation of the tuberculosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗