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Biomedical subjects

W Weber

Publications and source records attributed to W Weber.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Urologic traumatology in childhood (closed injuries)].

Critical injuries of the kidney have to be treated surgically immediately. Here also have to consider the same rules of the surgery that go with an acute abdomen. By slight and severe injuries to the kidneys there is adaequate time for a thorrow diagnostic work up, prior to eventual operative intervention. The extreme rare ureter lesions with the symptomatic of a peritonism due to an urinoma and a retroperitoneal haematoma have to be treated operatively at the earliest possible time. Injuries to the urine bladder have always to be treated operatively with a special urgency since letality increases rapidly after six hours after the injury. Lesions of the urethra have to be treated operatively early by eliminating haematoma and urine and exact anastomosis of urethra's stumps to avoid later complications through scar-building.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Time- and dose-dependent alterations of basal and LH-RH-stimulated LH-release during treatment with various hormonal contraceptives.

The dose- and time-dependent effect of treatment with estrogen and progestogens on serum LH before and 15 min. after the i.v. injection of 150 ng LH-RH was investigated in intact female rats. The animals were injected s.c. daily with ethinyl estradiol (EE), levonorgestrel (NG), desogestrel (DG), norethisterone (NET), chlormadinone acetate (CMA) or cyproterone acetate (CPA) alone or in various combinations, and LH was measured after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of treatment and 2 weeks after termination of the injections. The treatment with low- and high-dosed combined preparations caused a marked decrease of basal LH levels which was not reversed 2 weeks after discontinuation. The combination of 30 and 50 micrograms EE with 125 or 250 micrograms NG was more effective in depressing LH-RH-induced LH release than that with 125 or 250 micrograms DG which were, however, reversible in all cases. The increase in the estrogen dose intensified the suppressive effect to a greater extent than the doubling of the progestogen dose. The suppression of the LH-RH-stimulated LH release occurred in a time-dependent manner; there was, however, a transitory amplification after 1 week when 50 micrograms EE/125 micrograms DG were tested. The high-dosed combinations of 50 micrograms EE with 500 micrograms NG, 2 mg NET, 2 mg CMA or 2 mg CPA brought about a very strong blockade of both basal and LH-RH-induced LH secretion which persisted 2 weeks after termination of treatment. The results indicate that even minor alterations in the doses of the estrogen and progestogen components of combined oral contraceptives (OC) may lead to considerable differences in the functional stage of the gonadotrophs which also depend on the duration of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Surgery of the primary tumor of metastasizing renal carcinoma.

40% or 116 of 350 patients with renal carcinoma had distant metastases at the time of hospital admission (M1, N0-4). Women fell ill less often than men did (3:7). 82 of 116 patients (71%) received nephrectomy primarily. Lethality within the first 30 days was 6%. Patients with nephrectomy survived longer than those without, women with nephrectomy survived longer than men. Patients with a grade II tumor survived longer than those with a grade III tumor. Palliative nephrectomy can therefore be recommended as treatment of choice, if the general condition of the patient allows it, the more so as there are no alternative ways of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dapsone-induced peripheral neuropathy. Case report and review.

A severe motor and a minor sensory neuropathy developed in a man being treated with dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone) for dermatitis herpetiformis. He had received dapsone for 16 years before any signs of neurotoxicity became evident. Electrodiagnostic and clinical features were consistent with an axonal neuropathy. Clinical characteristics of dapsone-induced neuropathy include a motor neuropathy affecting the extremities, usual onset within five years after the initiation of dapsone therapy, dapsone dosage usually equal to or greater than 300 mg/day, and, almost always, complete recovery from the neuropathy after dapsone-dose reduction or withdrawal. The patient was found to be a slow acetylator of sulfamethazine, and therefore is a slow acetylator of dapsone. An HLA typing was done on the patient. New cases of dapsone-induced neuropathy should be HLA typed and have acetylation profiles in an attempt to identify future high-risk patients. This case is noteworthy for the length of time of dapsone usage (16 years) and the low daily dosage of dapsone (100 mg) taken prior to the development of neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein E: a variant form of apolipoprotein E2 distinguished by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The apolipoprotein E2 ( apoE2 ) variant that possesses a cysteine substituted for an arginine at residue 158 in the amino acid sequence E2( Arg158 ----Cys) can be distinguished by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from other forms of apoE, including E3 (the parent form), E4( Cys112 ----Arg), E2( Arg145 ----Cys), and E2( Lys146 ----Gln). The E2( Arg158 ----Cys) migrates as a distinctly separable band with a higher apparent molecular weight than the other forms. Chemical modification of apoE2 ( Arg158 ----Cys) with sulfhydryl reagents (2-bromoethyl)-trimethylammonium bromide or cysteamine, which convert cysteine to arginyl or lysyl analogues, respectively, abolishes the difference in apparent molecular weight and results in the co-electrophoresis of E2( Arg158 ----Cys) with other apoE forms. The mobilities of the other apoE variants are not affected by these modifications. These results suggest that the substitution site at residue 158 is a key location, important in modifying the behavior of apoE and in modulating its apparent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Furthermore, the technique used in this study may be very helpful in distinguishing specific mutant forms of apoE2 .

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Protein composition of Lp(a) lipoprotein from human plasma.

The apolipoprotein composition of purified human Lp(a) lipoprotein was investigated by SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunochemically. The lipoprotein contains two different polypeptides. One is identical by its app. Mr of approximately 250 000 and immunologically with apolipoprotein B of LDL (B-100). The other polypeptide has a higher app. Mr (approximately 350 000) and stains strongly with the periodate-Schiff's reagent. This high-Mr glycoprotein contains the specific Lp(a) immunoreactivity but does not react with antibodies against apo B. Apo B and Lp(a)-protein seem to be linked by disulfide bonds in the native lipoprotein. The unreduced detergent delipidized protein moiety from Lp(a) lipoprotein shows a single band of Mr approximately 700 000 in SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the immunoprecipitates formed against anti-Lp(a) and anti-apo B by the unreduced protein show a reaction of immunological identity.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1983

[Pancreatic cancer. Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and therapy].

The prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is still very poor. Research activities have, however, been instituted recently in all fields. Epidemiologic studies indicate etiologic roles of diabetes mellitus, smoking, and meat and coffee consumption. Sonography of the pancreas is at present the best screening method. The significance of computerized tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), arteriography and tumor markers is discussed. A TNM staging system and prognostic factors are presented. Resection is the treatment of choice for organ-limited pancreatic cancer. The development of new radiation modalities (e.g. pi-mesons) promises improved loco-regional tumor control. The most effective chemotherapy consists of combinations containing 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin-C. Intensive future research in the field of pancreatic cancer is essential if the prognosis of this devastating disease is to be improved.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Isoenzymes of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in developing rat liver and in malignant hepatic tissues.

Total R proteins and total cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity during rat liver development reach highest values per unit DNA when the organ has attained full metabolic competence. The parallel changes indicate coordinate synthesis of R and C subunits during hepatic development. In contrast to total R2 . C2, protein kinase activation and endogenous cAMP levels were highest around birth. Immunotitration with anti-RI and anti-RII in the presence of protein-A-Sepharose of extracts obtained from various developmental stages and from hepatomas suggested a relation of both protein kinase I and II to the terminal differentiation of the organ rather than to cellular proliferation rates. The type-II enzyme appears to be subject to additional regulations connected with neonatal adaptation phenomena. A non-enzymic analysis of the protein kinase activation status is described. It is based on the determination of the ratio of amounts: R . cAMP/total R, which showed a linear correlation with the conventional protein kinase activity ratio (-cAMP/+cAMP).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The polymorphism of the vitamin D-binding protein (Gc); isoelectric focusing in 3 M urea as additional method for identification of genetic variants.

Since the last report numerous new DBP (Gc) variants have been observed; at present a total of 84 different mutants can be distinguished. Several of them have similar electrophoretic mobilities and/or isoelectric points of conventional isoelectric focusing (IEF). IEF in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of 3 M urea is a convenient and efficient method for the detection of hidden variation.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1983

The effect of sex steroids and hormonal contraceptives upon thymus and spleen on intact female rats.

In view of a possible influence on oral contraceptives upon the immune system, the effect of chronic treatment of intact adult female rats with sex steroids and contraceptive preparations upon the thymus and the spleen was investigated. Daily injections with 10 micrograms estradiol, estradiol benzoate, or diethyl stilbestrol for 2 weeks resulted in a marked but reversible involution of the thymus, while the spleen was not affected. Androgens exerted a significant effect at a dose of 0.3 mg, and progestogens only when 2 mg were given. When various contraceptive preparations were injected for 4 weeks, there was a total involution of the thymus which persisted even 2 weeks after cessation of treatment. The effect appeared to be mainly due to the estrogenic component. Progestogens intensified the reduction of thymic weight only at higher doses. Histological examinations revealed that estrogen treatment alone resulted in a reduction of the cortex and a depletion of lymphocytes. When contraceptive preparations were administered, the medulla was also reduced, and both cortex and medulla were replaced by reticular and adipose tissue. The estrogen receptors of thymus cytosol showed dissociation constants between 0.34 and 0.49 nM in diestrous rats, progesterone-treated rats and ovariectomized rats, and binding capacities between 6.5 and 2.6 fmoles/mg protein. It remains, however, to be shown whether the estrogen-induced involution of the rat thymus may lead to an impairment of immune responses.

Androgens↗
PubMed1983

3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate- and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent endogenous protein phosphorylation activity in membranes of the bovine chromaffin secretory vesicles: identification of two phosphorylated components as tyrosine hydroxylase and protein kinase regulatory subunit type II.

Membranes of the secretory vesicles from bovine adrenal medulla were investigated for the presence of the endogenous protein phosphorylation activity. Seven phosphoprotein bands in the molecular weight range of 250,000 to 30,000 were observed by means of the sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis and autoradiography. On the basis of the criteria of molecular weight, selective stimulation of the phosphorylation by cyclic AMP (as compared with cyclic GMP) and immunoprecipitation by specific antibodies, band 5 (molecular weight 60,300) was found to represent the phosphorylated form of the secretory vesicle-bound tyrosine hydroxylase. The electrophoretic mobility, the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of cyclic AMP in presence of Mg2+ and Zn,2+ respectively, and immunoreactivity toward antibodies showed band 6 to contain two forms of the regulatory subunits of the type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, distinguishable by their molecular weights (56,000 and 52,000, respectively). Phosphorylation of band 7 (molecular weight 29,800) was stimulated about 2 to 3 times by Ca2+ and calmodulin in the concentration range of both agents believed to occur in the secretory tissues under physiological conditions.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1983

[Etretinate (Ro 10-9359, Tigason) and CCNU (1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-l-nitrosourea) and bleomycin versus CCNU and bleomycin in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus (Working group on Internal Medicine Oncology Study BS1/78)].

Forty-six evaluable patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were treated in a randomized fashion with either etretinate, CCNU and bleomycin in combination (ECB) or with CCNU and bleomycin (CB). There were no complete and no partial responses. Minor responses occurred in 5 patients (24%) with ECB and in 3 patients (12%) with CB independently of histological grade. No change was observed in 9 patients (43%) with ECB and in 13 patients (52%) with CB. There was no survival difference between the two groups. Reversible side-effects of skin and mucous membranes were more frequent under ECB. The antitumor efficacy of CB is marginal and could not be improved by the addition of the vitamin-A-derivative etretinate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative enzymatic and immunologic computer-assisted histophotometry of human kidney tissue following neoplastic and other clinically significant alterations.

Renal tissue sections from 178 patients, whose kidneys were either normal or altered by various conditions such as hydronephrosis, interstitial nephropathies, chronic graft rejection, renal cancer etc., were investigated by computer-assisted histophotometry. We used enzyme histochemical and immunologic methods to measure kidneys suffering from various urological diseases quantitatively. Through this procedure, we were able to obtain information that allowed us to determine the degree of alteration in the metabolic state of tubular epithelial cells. The tissue activities of the following enzymes of the proximal tubule were investigated: alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and maltase (Ma) as membrane-bound markers, and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl) as a lysosomal marker. In addition, AAP and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) were measured by immunofluorescent microscopy after having added specific anti-enzyme antibodies to the tissue sections. Compared to normal kidneys, quantitative enzyme histograms of diseased kidneys revealed a significant decrease in marker protein concentration of the tubule. The decline in tissue enzyme activities of AP, AAP, Ma and beta-Gl was accompanied by a significant decrease of enzyme concentrations as measured by the immuno histological method. This was especially true in cases with kidney cancer and in kidney tissues adjacent to infiltration adenocarcinoma. Morphological analyses of alterations were generally improved by enzymatic and/or immunologic histophotometry.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Changes in the catalytic activities of proteoglycan-degrading lysosomal enzymes in parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells and in serum during the development of experimental liver fibrosis.

The catalytic activities of 4 glycosidases (hyaluronate-4-glycanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.35), beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), alpha-L-iduronidase (EC 3.2.1.76)), of the arylsulphatases A and B (EC 3.1.6.1) and of the protease cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) were measured in extracts from hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells and in serum during the development of thioacetamide-induced rat liver fibrosis (22 weeks). In non-parenchymal liver cells the catalytic activities of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-L-iduronidase and cathepsin D were increased significantly during chronic liver damage, but that of hyaluronate-4-glycanohydrolase was reduced by 40 to 65% during the period of application of thioacetamide. The catalytic activities of the arylsulphatases were lowered by 65% compared to control values in the 12th week but with advancing liver damage the catalytic activities returned to nearly normal values. Parenchymal cells of rats, which had been liver-damaged for 6 months, contained strongly elevated activities of beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, arylsulphatases A and B, and cathepsin D but only slightly increased activities of hyaluronate-4-glycanohydrolase and alpha-L-iduronidase, respectively. In the serum of liver-damaged rats the activity of alpha-L-iduronidase was strongly elevated, while that of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was only slightly increased. The activities of beta-glucuronidase and of arylsulphatases A and B were decreased during the whole period of treatment. The catalytic functions of hyaluronate-4-glycanohydrolase and of cathepsin D, respectively, were decreased initially, but both enzyme activities were elevated during the more advanced stages of long term thioacetamide treatment.

Animals↗