Discrimination of leukemias, lymphomas, and non-neoplastic controls by retroviral serum markers.
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Antibodies, Viral↗
Biomedical subjects
W Weber
Publications and source records attributed to W Weber.
[Biomechanical fragility of the infant skull].
Following previous experiments on postmortem skull fractures of infants, falls from 82-cm heights onto stone (A), carpet (B) and foam-backed linoleum (C), 35 further falling tests were carried out onto softly cushioned ground. In 10 cases a 2-cm thick foam rubber mat (D) was chosen and in 25 further cases a double-folded (8-cm-thick) camel hair blanket (E). Hence the results of altogether 50 tests could be evaluated. In test groups A-C on a relatively hard surface, skull fractures of the parietale were observed in every case; in test group D this fracture was seen in one case and in test group E in four cases. Measurements along the fracture fissures showed bone thickness of 0.1-0.4 mm. The fracture injuries originated in paper-thin single-layer bone areas without diploe, which can also be considered the preferred regions for skull fractures of older infants following falls from low heights. These results indicate that it is no longer possible to assume that the skull of infants is not damaged after falls from table height.
Battered Child Syndrome↗
[Genesis of atraumatic liver hemorrhages].
Hepatic hemorrhages are not unusual after sharp or blunt abdominal traumata. They are of particular interest when deadly hepatic hemorrhages are under discussion as the single or contributory cause of death in forensic investigations, for instance after reanimation or acts of violence. The test results in rabbits demonstrate that artificial and specific enzyme-assimilation conditions can cause atraumatic hepatic hemorrhages in only a few days. With and without concomitant injuries, liver bleeding may have an atraumatic genesis. An additional human case report shows the possibility of confusion with atraumatic rhexis hemorrhage in the liver.
Animals↗
Determination of thiamine in human plasma and its pharmacokinetics.
A sensitive assay for thiamine suitable for clinical use has been developed. It is based on precolumn oxidation of thiamine to thiochrome followed by HPLC-separation and fluorescence detection. The assay is applicable to various biological materials, including human plasma. The minimum amount detectable was 5 fmol, minimum plasma concentration 0.5 nmol/l and minimum sample volume 0.3 ml plasma. Each chromatographic run took 3 min. Inter- and intra-assay relative standard deviations (RSD) were 8.3% and 6.3%, respectively, at a stock plasma concentration of 10.8 nmol/l. At 38.8 nmol/l, interassay RSD was reduced to 3.4%. The recovery of 5 nmol/l added thiamine was 102 (SD +/- 17)%, that of 30 nmol/l was 94 +/- 5%. Plasma levels in 91 volunteers ranged from 6.6 to 43 nmol/l, showing a log normal distribution with a median of 11.6 nmol/l. Thiamine kinetics were studied in plasma and urine from 8 men after intravenous and oral doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg thiamine hydrochloride. In all individuals, nonlinear renal elimination kinetics were demonstrated by plotting the fractional amount of thiamine excreted unchanged in urine against the corresponding area under the plasma concentration-time curve.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Relationship between production of epidermal growth factor receptors, gene amplification, and chromosome 7 translocation in variant A431 cells.
Synthesis of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor has been analyzed in a series of variant A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell clones reported to contain different amounts of EGF binding sites. The amount of EGF receptor protein, quantitated by immunoaffinity chromatography, and EGF receptor mRNA, quantitated by cDNA hybridization, were closely correlated to the extent of EGF receptor gene amplification. This correlation existed in variants selected for reduced EGF receptors and in revertants from those variants with increased EGF receptors. There was also a correlation between the frequency of translocation of chromosome 7, containing the EGF receptor gene, and EGF receptor protein. These results support gene amplification as the mechanism enhancing A431 cell EGF receptor protein and determining growth responses.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
[Familial cancer. Initial results of an inquiry into its occurrence in Basel].
The initial results of a systematic study conducted in Basel on the existence of relatives with cancer in the families of more than 600 tumour patients indicate that neoplasm of all organs have forms in whose etiology genetic predisposition is an important factor. This is illustrated by the examples of mammary carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and lymphoproliferative diseases. Research into genetic predisposition to cancer is of practical value in order to protect persons at risk from the serious consequences of malignant tumors, and also of scientific interest because the characterisation of certain tumours can provide a fundamental insight into the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Breast Neoplasms↗
The value of morphological prognostic criteria in the assessment of renal cell carcinoma.
In this study, we examined some of the morphological values from the large number of prognostic parameters indicated in the literature by establishing survival statistics. Primary distant metastasis formation was confirmed to be a prognostically unfavorable factor. Regional metastasis formation takes an intermediate position between the primarily distantly metastasized and the primary non-metastasized renal cell carcinoma. In the primarily non-metastasized renal cell carcinoma, tumor invasion into the renal vein is associated with prognostic deterioration, obviously due to a linkage to other unfavorable tumor characteristics. The histological degree of malignancy as a single prognostic parameter seems to be of little informational value if no other tumor data are taken into consideration. The classification of renal tumors according to Robson proves to be of great clinical relevance, especially when it is combined with the histological degree of malignancy. The prognostic scheme by Hermanek 'combined staging and grading' must be recommended as the prognostic scheme of choice. Apart from special histological types of the renal cell carcinoma, such as the papillary or sarcomatous variant, and with reservation as to the tendency to unpredictable secondary metastasis formation that is peculiar to the renal cell carcinoma, a prediction of the prognosis according to the morphological criteria mentioned above is possible to a satisfactory degree within certain limits.
Adult↗
Anatomy of the ethmoid: CT, endoscopic, and macroscopic.
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Endoscopy↗
[Treatment of unwanted results in cheiloplasty in cleft formations].
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Adolescent↗
[Local recurrence following anterior rectum resection--manual versus stapler suture].
A retrospective study was carried out on 88 hand sewn and 34 stapled anastomoses following anterior resection to evaluate the impact of suture technique on local recurrence rate. The patient groups were comparable with one exception: there were significantly more Dukes C lesions resected and sutured using the stapling gun (35% versus 15%, X2 = 6.33, p less than 0.05). Stage-corrected recurrence rate was similar in both groups, Dukes A: 8%, Dukes B 21%, Dukes C 52%, all recurrences being detected within 24 months following operation. Significantly fewer protective colostomies were needed using the staple gun (15% versus 34%, X2 = 4.50, p less than 0.05). Otherwise, no significant difference or benefit was observed comparing the two suture techniques.
Colonic Neoplasms↗
Antigens and circulating immune complexes related to the primate retroviral glycoprotein SiSVgp70. Indicators of early mortality in human acute leukemias and chronic myelogenous leukemias in blast crisis.
Human sera contain antigens and also circulating immune complexes that are related to the primate retroviral envelope glycoprotein gp70 of simian sarcoma/simian sarcoma associated virus (SiSV) and of gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV). SiSVgp70 related antigens (AG) and immune complexes (IC) are detected both in leukemic and in nonleukemic sera. In a further analysis of these data, the prognostic significance of SiSVgp70 related AG and IC in leukemic patients was examined. The data show that the presence of SiSVgp70 related AG and IC indicates an unfavorable clinical course and a shorter survival time in acute leukemias (AL) and in chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC). Survival data of 56 of 64 patients tested were analyzed (38 patients with AL and 18 patients with CML-BC). Patients with AL whose sera were positive for SiSVgp70 related AG and IC had a median survival time of 9.5 months after diagnosis versus 16 months for patients negative for such AG and IC. This difference in survival time was more pronounced for patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) (6.5 versus 19 months). The difference in survival between SiSVgp70 related AG- and IC-negative and positive groups as tested by life table analysis (log-rank test) is significant (P less than 0.05). Patients with AL of the AG- and/or IC-positive group had fewer complete remissions. Patients who had no remissions belong to the AG- and/or IC-positive group (P = 0.06). Patients with CML-BC whose sera were positive for SiSVgp70 related AG and/or IC had a median survival time of 2 months after diagnosis versus 7 months for patients with sera negative for such AG and IC. As tested by log-rank test, survival curves between the two groups are significantly different (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that SiSVgp70 related AG and IC may play an important role in the course of acute leukemia and can provide useful prognostic information.
Acute Disease↗
Immunoaffinity purification of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Stoichiometry of binding and kinetics of self-phosphorylation.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor protein has been purified in a single high-yield step by immunoaffinity chromatography of extracts of A431 cells. A monoclonal antibody directed against the EGF binding site of the receptor was immobilized to Sepharose 4B as a specific immune absorbent and competitive elution with EGF was used to obtain purified EGF receptor protein with tyrosine kinase activity. The stoichiometry of EGF binding was determined by comparing 125I-EGF binding to A431 cells with the mass of EGF receptor protein in those cells as measured by immunoaffinity chromatography, radioimmunoassay, and immune precipitation. Each measurement indicated one EGF binding site/EGF receptor protein molecule. Study of the kinetics of autophosphorylation revealed rapid incorporation of 1 mol of phosphate/mol of enzyme followed by slower incorporation of additional phosphate groups. The autophosphorylation reaction has a Km for ATP (0.2 microM) which is about 10-fold lower than that for phosphorylation of exogenous substrates. The kinetically preferred autophosphorylation is an intramolecular reaction.
Animals↗
[Chemotherapy of anal carcinoma].
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Antineoplastic Agents↗
Expression cloning of human EGF receptor complementary DNA: gene amplification and three related messenger RNA products in A431 cells.
In order to further define the mechanisms by which polypeptide growth factors regulate gene transcription and cellular growth, expression cloning techniques were used to select human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor complementary DNA clones. The EGF 3' coding domain shows striking homology to the transforming gene product of avian erythroblastosis virus (v-erbB). Over-expression of EGF receptors in A431 cell lines correlates with increased EGF receptor mRNA levels and amplification (up to 110 times) of the apparently singular EGF receptor gene. There appear to be three cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA products of EGF receptor gene expression in A431 cells, one of which contains only 5' (EGF binding domain) sequences and is postulated to encode the secreted EGF receptor-related protein.
Base Sequence↗
Production of an epidermal growth factor receptor-related protein.
Human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells in culture produce a soluble 105-kilodalton protein which, by the criteria of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding, recognition by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the EGF receptor, amino-terminal sequence analysis and carbohydrate content, is related to the cell surface domain of the EGF receptor. The high rate of production and the finding that with biosynthetic labeling the specific activity of this 105-kilodalton protein exceeds that of the intact receptor indicate that it is not derived from membrane-bound mature receptor but is separately produced by the cell. These cells thus separately synthesize an EGF receptor that is inserted into the membrane and an EGF receptor-related protein that is secreted.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Gamma-aminobutyric acid and homovanillic acid concentration in the CSF of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type.
The investigation of enzyme and neurotransmitter levels and/or their metabolites in the CSF of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) could become a promising approach for a clinical research and diagnostic procedure. To learn more about the metabolic reflections of central metabolism in the CSF of patients with SDAT, we measured CSF levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), the dopamine metabolite. In 16 female patients with SDAT and in eight matched control patients, CSF GABA levels were measured by ion exchange with fluorimetric detection, and HVA levels were measured fluorimetrically. The GABA content of the CSF was significantly reduced in patients with SDAT, whereas the HVA level was unchanged.
Aged↗
[Stages of postmortem formation of washerwoman's skin--results of systematic qualitative and quantitative experimental studies].
The development of washerwoman's hands depends upon the length of submersion. Until now there have been no results published on the qualitative and quantitative time-related changes with regard to washer-woman's hands. The fingertips of 50 hands from 35 corpses were qualitatively examined at early postmortem (1-4 h after death). The quantitative investigations were confined to the tips of the middle fingers. Submersion of the hands in water at 37 degrees C was interrupted at intervals of 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 10 h and 24 h for a period of 30s-1 min. The width of three adjoining ridges of the skin were measured in three defined areas of the middle fingertips and photographs were taken. Quantitative results: No relevant differences were seen in the changes of the width of the skin ridges between the right and left hand after submersion in water; there was no specific difference between the sexes. During the soaking process the skin ridges influence each other. The age of the individual corpse has no influence on the change in width of the skin ridges. Concerning the qualitative test results, six time-limited stages could be classified: stage I: physiological dry state; stage II: softened state; stage III: swollen and compressed state; stage IV: partial wrinkle covering; stage V: epidermal lysis; stage VI: loss of relief outlines.
Adolescent↗
[Experimental studies of skull fractures in infants].
UNLABELLED: According to pediatric statements, falls from a standing position may cause skull fractures in infants without specific symptoms. Nearly every infant has at some time fallen from the changing table or the baby carriage, etc. From the forensic aspect it is the duty of experts to discuss the "battered child syndrome." Evidence given by the defendants concerning the height of the fall are unreliable. Experimental test series concerned with the stumbling height (82 cm in free fall) and three various types of floor-stone, carpet, and foam-backed linoleum -were carried out. In each case skull fractures were seen. In three cases the fractures crossed the sutures. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Each fall of an infant from the height of a table may cause a skull fracture, which may lead to death; (2) when child mishandling is suspected, all circumstances must be taken into consideration.
Accidents, Home↗