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Biomedical subjects

W Reuter

Publications and source records attributed to W Reuter.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Modification of spectinomycin. 2. Derivatives of 4-dihydro-4-deoxy-4(R)-aminospectinomycin.

Acyl derivatives 5a approximately j and alkyl derivatives 7a approximately r of 4-dihydro-4-deoxy-4(R)-aminospectinomycin (1a) were prepared and tested for antibacterial activity. Only acyl compounds derived from long chain aliphatic acids showed activity in vitro, but were inactive when tested in vivo. All alkyl derivatives were active in vitro. In vivo however only the short chain derivatives 7a approximately c were active. Compound 7b showed higher activity than spectinomycin.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical aspects of the problem of hyperlipoproteinemia and age].

The decisive role of the lipids for the atherogenesis is without doubt: disturbances of the fat metabolism (hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia) lead, like epidemiological retrospective and prospective studies, clinico-experimental data as well as results of biochemical and cell-biological research show, to atherosclerotic diseases. Their prevalence increases with rising age. The hitherto assume dependence on age for cholesterol and triglycerides is first of all to be traced back to this phenomenon. In all age groups the cholesterol values should not be more than 260 mg/dl (6.7 mmol/l) and the triglycerides no more than 200 mg/dl (2.3 mmol/l). The ideal values are by far lower. Beginning with the 55th to 60th year the risk character of increased concentration of serum lipids. An improvement in the lipid diagnostics is the estimation of the cardioprotective HDL-cholesterol and the LDL/HDL-quotient, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Cardiovascular disease, body weight, nutrition and age].

In 979 adipose (236 males and 743 females) test persons and 341 test persons with normal weight (149 males and 192 females) at the age from 18 to 55 years nutrition anamnestic, clinical, biochemical, anthropometrical and social-economic examinations were carried out. Our results on the frequency of coronary insufficiency and hypertension in adipose persons could clearly confirm that this in males as well as in females in all age groups was higher than the frequency in persons with normal weight. In the comparison of the eating habit between test persons with normal weight and overweight with coronary insufficient and hypertension and without these diseases became evident that there is a significant connection between the uptake of energy, the consumption of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, carbohydrates and the coronary insufficiency and hypertension. Preventive and curative measures for influencing coronary risk factors are therefore necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Lipid-reducing basic diet and serum fatty acid levels].

In 50 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia during a 3 year treatment with lipid reducing metabolic basis diet in intervals of 4 months the composition of the cholesterol ester and triglyceride fatty acids of the serum was determined by means of gas chromatography. After 12--16 months in the hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIa (10 patients) in the cholesterol ester fraction, after 12 months in the hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIb (10 patients) in the cholesterol ester fraction and in the triglyceride fraction significant changes of the spectre of fatty acids developed. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and eikosatrienic acid decreased, and linolic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and eikosapentaenic acid increased. In the course of the further therapy the precental proportions of the fatty acids did no more change. Triglyceride fatty acids in hyperlipoproteinaemia of type IIa and cholesterol ester fatty acids in hyperlipoproteinaemia of type IIb were not influenced. These metabolic effects of the metabolic basis diet on the spectres of fatty acids of cholesterol ester and triglyceride fractions in primary hyperlipoproteinaemia of type IIa, IIb and IV must not be seen only in their increased content of polyene fatty acids which influences the hepatogenic processes of synthesis and oxydation of fatty acids, but are traced back also to the reduced proportions of fat, mono- and disaccharide. With metabolic basis diet decreasing lipids alone we, however, did not succeed in normalising fully the composition of fatty acids, and the constellations of fatty acids of test persons with healthy metabolism were reached only approximately.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1980

[Longitudinal study of uric acid changes in a constant group from 1968-78].

From 1968 to 1978 in 195 test persons (53 males, 142 females) the longitudinal behaviour of the serum uric acid was examined by regular estimation. Independent on age, sex and body weight the concentration of uric acid significantly increased in the course of 10 years. As causes are discussed influences of nutrition, problems of physical and mental activity, therapeutic measures and medicaments as well as hormonal change. Change of the relative weight and level of uric acid did not correlate together. Developmental tendency of serum cholesterol and uric acid showed a negative correlation in younger men and a positive one in older men.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis in ether-permeabilized Escherichia coli cells by structural analogs of D-alanyl-D-alanine.

Several analogs of D-alanyl-D-alanine have been proved to be competitive inhibitors of murein (cross-linked peptidoglycan) synthesis in either-permeabilized cells of Escherichia coli. Some analogs, distinguished from D-alanyl-D-alanine only by minor structural deviations, were incorporated into a murein-like sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble material in place of the natural substrate. These analogs therefore could be designated as competitive substrates of the cross-linked end product of murein synthesis. In contrast, others, even those containing bulky residues at the methyl group of the amino-terminal D-alanine, exhibited inhibition of murein synthesis. The last-mentioned group of analogs also inhibited a blank value which seems to be a characteristic feature of this system without added D-alanyl-D-alanine. From this data, a steady-state concentration of D-alanyl-D-alanine or D-alanine or both in growing cells of E. coli could be calculated as approximately 0.4 x 10(-3) M.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[10 years - investigations of lipid-metabolism-parameters in the longitudinal study of Leipzig (author's transl)].

As part of the longitudinal gerontological study conducted in Leipzig, cholesterol and the fatty acid spectrum in the serum were determined (by gas chromatography) in 158 cases (46 men, 112 women) at intervals between 2 and 4 years over the period from 1968 to 1978. During the 10-year period the statistical values showed a definite increase in the percentage of cholesterol and linoleic acid. As a result of the significant decrease in the palmitic acid values, the saturated fatty acid percentages as a whole dropped despite an increase in stearic acid. The general trend was toward the elimination of differences between men and women and overweight persons and those with normal weights. There were definite correlations between a reduction in relative weight and a drop or reduced increase of cholesterol on the one hand an increase in linoleic acid on the other. This is most probably due to the fat-reduced and -modified diet to which especially the older test persons changes over during the 10-year period. This diet contained many polyene fatty acids. The changeover can therefore be suspected to lead to antiatherogenic fatty acid constellations in the serum.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Serum uric acid - the longitudinal behavior and age (author's transl)].

The longitudinal behavior of serum uric acid was studied by regular determinations made on a total of 195 subjects (of whom 53 were males and 142, females) between 1968 and 1978. The concentration of uric acid showed a significant increase within ten years irrespective of age, sex, and body weight. Nutritional influences, problems of physical and mental activity, therapeutical measures and agents, as well as hormonal alteration are discussed as possible cause thereof. There were no correlation between change in relative weight and uric acid level. Serum cholesterol and uric acid trends showed negative correlations in young men and positive correlations in older men.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Some parameters of lipid metabolism in aging (author's transl)].

In 150 humans of different ages and sexes total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol was tested. The HDL-cholesterol content was 1,41 +/- 0,33 mmol/l with women and 1,18 +/- 0,31 mmol/l with men. Older women show a reduction of the HDL-cholesterol level. There is a significant increase of LDL-cholesterol in both sexes with increasing age. Part of the above experimental group were tested for serum lipoproteins using a four-layer polyacrylamid gel separating the alpha-lipoproteins in a 7% gel into 12 or less fractions. The densitograms of the electrophoreses show differences both in age and sex. Men show a strong decrease of the front fractions, especially in fraction 7, with beginning maturity. There is a slight increase in the older and aged man. Women, however, show no significant changes during their lifespan. The prozentual content of alpha-lipoproteins correlates closely with the behaviour of alpha-lipoprotein-subunits with increasing age. Only with women there is a good correlation between HDL-cholesterol and the prozentual content of alpha-lipoproteins. With 111 subjects of different age groups and sexes the postheparin lipase (pHL) was determined. Both sexes show a strong decrease of enzyme activity with beginning maturity, followed by a different behaviour. There is no permanently negative correlation with the triglyceride level. The results were discussed with respect to arteriosclerotic changes in the blood vessels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Socioeconomic importance of obesity].

It is reported on the annual deficiency of work, the stay in the hospital and the sanatorium as well as on the expenditure for these criteria which were established on 346 males with normal weight and 1,041 males with overweight and females at the age of 18--59 years within the research project nutrition and effect. With growing overweight in women as well as in men the days of deficiency of work, the duration of the stay in the hospital and the cost for this increase. In these cases the dependence on age concerns persons with normal weight and obese persons. It is referred to the prevention and early treatment of obesity.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1979

[Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins].

In a survey the plasmalipoproteins LDL, VLDL and HDL are characterized and their functions demonstrated. Metabolically they are connected together through the IDL. Their clinical importance lies in the disturbances of the lipoprotein metabolism, which are significant for hyperlipoproteinaemia and arteriosclerotic diseases. Atypical plasmalipoproteins are LP(a), pre-beta-1-lipoprotein and sinking-pre-beta-lipoproteins. The LP-X is of interest for the differential diagnosis of jaundice. The carrier proteins of the plasmalipoproteins, the apolipoproteins, are Apo A, Apo B, Apo C, Apo D, and Apo E. They are differently structured. Their concentration in the individual plasmalipoproteins are also responsible for their function in normal and pathological lipid metabolism.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

[Fatty acid metabolism in primary hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) (author's transl)].

The fatty acid spectra of cholesterol ester and triglyceride fractions separated by thin-layer chromatography were analyzed by gas chromatography in the sera of 252 patients with primary HLP (with 53 cases of type IIa, 48 cases of type IIb, and 151 cases of type IV) and 60 healthy persons. Showing significantly increased values in the cholesterol ester fraction for HLP of types IIa and IIb as well as in the triglyceride fraction for HLP of types IIb and IV were palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and eicosatrienic acid. Significantly reduced percentages were obtained for linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and eicosapentaenic acid in the same fractions for these types. Possible causes include disturbances of the fatty acid metabolism in the liver, increased selective reesterification of fatty acids of the lipolytic process, and partially altered LCAT activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Fat consumption, blood lipids and age (author's transl)].

The serum lipid values (total lipids, cholesterol) and the amounts of fat components (total fat, cholesterol, saturated and multiply unsaturated fatty acids) in food were determined for 1000 subjects of primary obesity and 200 subjects having normal weight. The age of the subjects included in this study was between 18 and 60. From the second to sixth decades of life, obese subjects showed increases in hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia from 2.3% to 22% and from 4.6% to 26%, respectively. Lower percentages were determined for the controls. The consumption of total fat, cholesterol, saturated and multiply unsaturated fatty acids in food was lower in subjects of obesity than in normal-weight subjects. Problems of the dynamic and static phases of obesity, hyperphagia, hypophagia, and longitudinal behavior are discussed with particular reference to the causes thereof. With males, the intake of all fatty substances contained in food decreased with increasing age. Possible causes of this include changes in environmental and working conditions as well as nutritional consciousness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[On the clinical importance of secondary hyperlipoproteinemia in old age (author's transl)].

The pathological aspects and clinical importance of secondary forms of hyperlipoproteinemia in old age are discussed by the author in his present review article. Consideration is first given to the relations between hyperlipoproteinemia and diabetes mellitus. Further, the author deals with secondary hyperlipoproteinemia consequent upon renal diseases, pancreatitis, alcoholism, endocrinal diseases, liver diseases, and use of certain drugs. Finally, therapeutic problems of secondary hyperlipoproteinemia, which hold in old age just as in any other, are also treated briefly.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Interaction of indolmycin in the metabolism of tryptophan in rat liver.

When compared with other tryptophan analogues, indolmycin is a potent inhibitor of tryptophan pyrrolase and tryptophan decarboxylase, both enzymes involved in tryptophan catabolism. Otherwise the decarboxylation of 5-hydroxytryptophan is only slightly affected by indolmycin. The indolmycin derivative, 2-methylamino-5-(1-naphthylmethyl)-oxazolidin-4-one (YX-CX 22 XX) demonstrates only a slightly weaker inhibitory effect in the tryptophan-tRNA-ligase system in E. coli but does not show any significant action on the tryptophan metabolism in the eukaryotic system.

Animals↗