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Biomedical subjects

W Maier

Publications and source records attributed to W Maier.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Stability of the population as an expression of human rationality (author's transl)].

A prominent feature of a stable population is the stability of the age structure. The present investigation demonstrates that in the Federal Republic of Germany age distribution of youth, working population and old age pensioners remained stable during the last hundred years despite fluctations in the birth rate, death rate, and life expectancy. It can be concluded that an increasing life expectancy must lead to overpopulation which will in turn reduce the birth rate and slow down human reproduction.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

[It is up to women (author's transl)].

In modern industrial societies problems arise by the high number of women, their increasing paychecks, their increasing qualifications, and by the attachment of women to traditional bourgeois family structures despite the female struggle for emancipation and despite legislative equality. This paper investigates how much subventions by the state of the traditional family can increase human reproduction. The insecure situation of the married working woman is mentioned. A rational solution to this problem is not recognizable. High qualification and high productivity of man and women probably lead to stabilization of marriage and birth rate as a demographic trend in every modern industrial society. The quantity and quality of human reproduction is determined by women.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1979

Regeneration of the goldfish retina after exposure to different doses of ouabain.

After ouabain-induced degeneration, the retina of the goldfish shows a remarkable regeneration capacity. The extent of the damage depends on the dose of ouabain used in the experiment. After intraocular injection of 7 microliter 10(-5) M ouabain, the ganglion cells and the cells of the inner nuclear layer (INL) become necrotic except for most of the outer horizontal cells, some bipolar cells, and Müller cells. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the marginal growth zone at the ora serrata remain intact; the plexiform layers become spongy. The degenerated material is removed by the proliferated reactive macroglial cells and invading macrophages. The degenerated cellular elements of the retina are replaced by mitosis of neuroblasts in the marginal growth zone and of cells in the ONL. After intraocular injection of a 5-fold higher dose of ouabain (7 microliter 5 . 10(-5) M), the degeneration of the retina proceeds more rapidly and completely. In this experiment, the ONL is destroyed and the receptor outer segments are phagocytosed by cells of the pigment epithelium. In contrast to the regeneration of the amphibian retina, in the goldfish cells of the pigment epithelium do not participate by metaplastic transformation in the regeneration of the retina. The only source of cellular regeneration of the retina after complete destruction of its differentiated neural elements is the marginal growth zone, which is highly resistant to ouabain. The rate of mitoses in this region is strongly increased. The derivatives of these cells spread out tangentially over the entire fundus of the eye in a concentric manner. In this regenerate, mitotic processes continue in a radial direction, resulting in thickening and layering of the new retinal formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The women in society--a breakthrough? (author's transl)].

The recent changes in the marriage rates and birth rates as evidenced by demographic data demonstrate that these changes are closely related to the capitalistic economic order. The international competition forces the national economies continually to rationalize and to introduce automation. The striving for a secure place of employment leads in the market economy to lay offs and the reduction in new employment, women are confronted with the problems of profession and employment in a way which leads them to exercise more determining influence of the reproductive behaviour than before.

Economics↗
PubMed1979

[Contemplations on demographic theories (author's transl)].

All demographic theories make statements on the relationship between population developments and economic developments. The demographic teachings of Adam Smith, Thomas Robert Malthus, and Karl Marx are embedded in their specific economic theories and contain ideologic statements which are not detrimental to demographic and economic sciences but a stimulus for research. The demographic theories which developed with the onset of the industrial revolution of the 19th century are all sceptical of too high populations independent of their analysis of the market mechanisms or of capitalistic production relationships. This has remained unchanged to date. The statistical evaluation of the 1980's underlines this problem. The reproductive behaviour and demographic theory of a highly industrialized economy can not be based on experience alone but must also be based on rational findings. The rejection of the prestige value of children on the reproductive behaviour which is independent of circumstances must be recognized.

Demography↗
PubMed1979

[The increasing number of extra marital deliveries a sociological phenomenon (author's transl)].

Recent statistical results show an increase in extra-marital life birth. The number of older women between 26 and 28 years of age who have extra-marital deliveries has especially increased. The number of single parent families has more than doudled in the last three decades. The number of 26--28 year-old women who married following conception and then had marital deliveries has markedly decreased. Does monogamy no longer appear to offer a measure of personal happiness to the older working women? Is the social prestige of marriage and maternity within marriage less attractive to the emancipated woman?

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The economical and political consequences of generative behaviour (author's transl)].

Since safe contraceptives were developed the generative behaviour of man become the most important factor in economic, technological and political progress, previously only war, disease and epidemics were able to check the excess population pressure. The social and political conflicts were ameliorated through these means, temporarily. In the future the methods of contraception will reduce battles for power and priviledges to a human tolerable level. The emancipation of the society from the state appears promising since the development means the critical behaviour and distance from politics.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1979

[Religion and marriage (author's transl)].

Marriage according to religious denomination is no longer important because of the philosophical changes in recent times. Reproductive behaviour is no longer dependant on religion for the same reasons. Faith in the naturalness and ordainment by God of the roles of the sexes is no longer prevalent. From 1960--1976 the number of marriages in the Federal Republic of Germany decreased by 30%. The number of divorces increased by 122%. Mixed interdenominational marriages remained steady at between 20--25% of all marriages. Marriages of partners of the same denomination decreased from 76.5 to 68.6%. The marriages oe changed by man and individualized this trend is positive. Intervention of the states leads to conditions which should be avoided, namely that the interhuman relationships become insecure a fact which can be easily abused by demagogues.

Divorce↗
PubMed1979

[The population law (author's transl)].

Population Law is not the same at all times and in all places. Each economic stage of development has its own population law. The different development of the means of production changes the conditions. Future conditions of economy are going to be significantly different from those in the past. First the reduction of the number in population, second the changing age structure of the population, third the saturation with many material goods, fourth the decrease of the domestic growth of the gross national product and distribution, fifth in creasing environmental problems with resistance to tolerate polluting industries, sixth changes in the world economic division of preoduction with an increased production of manufactured products from developing countries, and seventh growth in the population lead to a sifting effect which pushes the weaker groups of the population into a subproletareate.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1979

[Is increase of the population a moral value? [author's transl)].

There is no complementary action of the partial competition between economic, demographic and rational factors in free capitalistic societies. Natural increase of the population means an increase of economic and cultural vitality for a state but can also mean a weakening. Increase of the population is in itself no normal value. Modern technology has forced man into a new life cycle by confronting him with ecologic, economic, and demographic limits to growth. Man reacts by decreasing the birth rate or by discontinuing procreation completely. The responsibility for the reproductive behavior can only be taken over by the state as long as this responsibility is in agreement with the private interest of the person. Demographic and social politics should nd. In questions of reproductive behaviour the decision of the individual and his possibility for individual action should be supreme.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1978

[Twin deliveries (author's transl)].

The statistics on twin deliveries for Bavaria from 1920-1925 were compared to those for 1972-1976. The number of twin deliveries showed a reduction from 15 per thousand in 1920-1925 to 9 per thousand in 1972-1976. The largest number of twin mothers were young primigravidas or older multi-gravidas. The percentage of twins of the same sex increased by 4.7% for boys and 5.7% for girls. The percentage of twin deliveries of different sex decreased by about 7%. Of all twin deliveries in Bavaria from 1920-1976 66% were of the same sex and 34% had different sex.

Age Factors↗