In summary, the place of urinary cytology in diagnostic urologic pathology is now established. Recent emphasis on topical chemotherapy for superficial bladder neoplasms has made cytologic examination of urinary specimens essential for good patient care. Renewed interest in the method has resulted in improved preparations and diagnostic criteria. Important pitfalls in cellular analysis have been identified. New technologies, advances in therapy, and changes in classification will require continual adjustments in our approach to urinary cytology and the diagnostic cytopathologist should remain flexible while acquiring expertise in this area.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Morphologic effects of thio-TEPA on mammalian urothelium. Changes in abnormal cells.

Morphologic changes induced by thio-TEPA were examined in animals with chemically induced neoplasms. Both toxic and metabolic effects were documented. Degeneration, vacuolization and increased exfoliation (toxic) were most prominent, occurred within 48 hours of exposure, and tended to subside after removal of the drug. Nuclear changes (metabolic) were rare and occurred late. Neither toxic nor metabolic effects were specific for thio-TEPA: both could be detected in control animals receiving saline. The metabolic effects of thio-TEPA are not sufficiently widespread to prevent tumor growth.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A finite element stress analysis of the transmandibular implant system.

PURPOSE: The aim of this work was a simulation of the onset of osseointegration of the transmandibular implant system in the mandible. This was achieved by imposing joint elements at the implant-bone interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The geometric model was derived from the anatomic measurement of several mandibles by tomographic scanning. The spring constants of the joint elements interposed at the implant-bone interface were varied between 1 N/mm and 10(9) N/mm to represent the conditions leading to osseointegration. RESULTS: Increasing the value of the spring constant at the joint elements gradually increases the effective stress in an increasing volume of crestal cortical bone. Additionally, a larger volume of crestal cortical bone assumes a higher stress value as the simulation proceeds. CONCLUSION: This work indicates that considerable changes in stress magnitude and distribution occur in the crestal cortical bone margins as osseointegration is simulated, which may be the necessary stimulus for bone remodeling.

Bone Remodeling↗