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Biomedical subjects

W Kaiser

Publications and source records attributed to W Kaiser.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Triple-dose versus standard-dose gadopentetate dimeglumine: a randomized study in 199 patients.

To investigate the safety, patient tolerance, and efficacy with 0.3 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the central nervous system (CNS), a phase 3 trial was conducted in 199 patients with suspected CNS lesions. Patients received either 0.1 or 0.3 mmol/kg gadopentate dimeglumine (injection time, 15 seconds and 45 seconds, respectively). T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo sequences were performed at either 0.5 T or 1.5 T. In 80 patients with enhancing brain lesions, contrast-to-noise ratios (C/Ns) were calculated, and lesion-to-brain contrast was evaluated visually. Six patients (6%) in each dose group reported adverse events. Eight adverse events occurred with 0.1 mmol/kg and seven with 0.3 mmol/kg. Vital signs and laboratory values did not change significantly. C/N (P < .05) and visual assessment ratings were higher with 0.3 mmol/kg than with 0.1 mmol/kg. According to these preliminary results, 0.3 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine is safe and well tolerated when administered at approximately 1 mL/sec.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The lipid lowering effect of a new guar-pectin fiber mixture in type II diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia].

The lipid-lowering effect of a new mixture of fiber consisting in guar and apple-pectin in combination with apple-pomaces has been estimated in 15 female type 2-diabetics [age mean = 62 (52-70) yr] with hypercholesterolemia (total-chol > 240 mg/dl and LDL-chol > 130 mg/dl). After a dietetic run-in-phase of 3 weeks the patients received the fiber mixture (1 package of 17 g with about 5.9 g water-soluble fiber) dissolved in 250 ml water for the next 9 weeks: during the first 3 weeks 2 portions per day, the next 3 weeks twice 1/2 portion and the last 3 weeks one 1/2 portion daily. The fiber mixture had to been consumed 30 minutes before taking a main meal. Regular intake of the fiber product led to a significant decrement in blood lipids, and this improvement under 2 portions daily has been maintained for the most part with the reduced dosage. The total-chol levels decreased by 11.3% during the first 3 weeks of fiber intake (p < 0.05) and by -12.6% during the next 3 weeks (p < 0.05), the decrease during the last 3 weeks under the reduced fiber intake was -9.6% (ns). The HDL-chol levels remained approximately the same during the whole period of observation. The triglyceride concentrations in serum could be lowered by -15.5% during the first 3 weeks of fiber intake, and by -19.2% during the next 3 weeks (p < 0.05), finally the decrease was -12.3% (ns). The atherogenic index (Chol-/HDL-chol) could be reduced on an average of 14.3% in relation to the initial value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[General practice-oriented forms of education of the 18th century. On the 250th anniversary of the birth of Johann Friedrich Gottlieb Goldhagen (1742-1788)].

Widely differing conditions applied to practice-oriented medical teaching at universities in the various German principalities or territorial states in the 18th century. Initially, the institutions used by professors as "collegium clinicum" belonged either to foundations or were being run on a private basis. It was only in the second half of the 18th century that these institutions became state-supervised, with the inclusion of the discipline of surgery. The results of such reorganization are demonstrated, taking Halle and the work done by Johann Friedrich Gottlieb Goldhagen as examples.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1993

[General practice-oriented curriculum of the 19th century].

Clinical teaching, partly based on the examination and treatment of outpatients, became more and more common at the universities of the end of the 18th century, thus prompting the setting up of so-called "teaching hospitals" forming part of the university concerned and specialising in the disciplines of internal medicine, surgery and obstetrics. This phase of practice-oriented teaching progressed only slowly because of locally different basic conditions and activities. Occasionally it took decades help of communal and private institutions when setting up such teaching facilities. This development is explained taking the University of Halle in the early 19th century as an example.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1993

[Digital hilar tomography. A comparison with the conventional technique].

The aim of the following study was to compare conventional hilar tomography and digital hilar tomography. 20 patients were examined both with conventional and digital hilar tomography using the same tomographic technique and the identical exposure dose. All patients underwent computed tomography of the chest as a golden standard. The digital technique, especially the edge-enhanced image version, showed superior image quality. ROC-analysis by 4 readers found equal diagnostic performance without any statistical difference. Digital hilar tomography shows a superior and constant image quality and lowers the rate of re-exposure. Therefore, digital hilar tomography is the preferable method.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Improvement in prognosis of patients with acute renal failure over a period of 15 years: an analysis of 710 cases in a dialysis center.

In order to evaluate the changes in causes and outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) during the years 1975-1989, 710 patients treated in our dialysis center were analyzed. We compared the etiology, the severity and catabolic state of ARF, the techniques of renal replacement therapy, which were employed and the ages and mortality rates of these patients, who received dialysis therapy during the years 1975-79 (n = 227), 1980-84 (n = 240) and 1985-89 (n = 243). The number of postoperative, posttraumatic and non-traumatic cases of ARF was approximately the same in all three 5-year periods, only the frequency of postrenal failure decreased from 7% in the years 1975-79 to 3% in the years 1985-89. The incidence of sepsis as a major cause of ARF and the most important risk factor was comparably high in the surgical and medical patients during all of the periods, but it increased in the traumatic patients from 7% in the years 1975-79 to 28% during the last 5-year period. The prevalence of respiratory failure and jaundice as additional organ failures, the severity of ARF (oligonanuric-nonoliguric) and the metabolic state were not different in the three patient groups. The magnitude of rise in serum creatinine before the start of renal replacement therapy was significant lower in the last 5-year period in comparison to the years 1975-79 (p < 0.05). Hemodialysis was the treatment in choice of 98 and 93% of the cases during the first two periods, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

Severe tubulopathy and kidney graft rupture after coadministration of mannitol and ciclosporin.

Spontaneous allograft rupture after kidney transplantation is a rare complication usually due to an acute rejection of the interstitial type. In a 32-year-old man kidney transplantation was performed under immunosuppression with prednisolone and ciclosporin (CS). The dose of CS was 5 mg/kg body weight intravenously for the first 24 h, on the 2nd day 10 mg/kg/day orally, with gradually decreasing doses thereafter. The patient remained oliguric in the postoperative period and received additionally 600 ml mannitol solution intravenously for osmodiuresis within a period of 6 days. On the 8th postoperative day, 48 h after the last intravenous infusion of mannitol, spontaneous renal rupture occurred. The CS concentrations in the blood during the days before the rupture were within the upper normal range for effective immunosuppression (300-600 ng/ml). Intraoperatively the kidney appeared enlarged due to edematous swelling of the graft, but it showed no signs of rejection. The histological finding was a toxic tubulopathy with extensive isometric vacuolization and peritubular congestion, a known side effect of both of CS and of mannitol. The rupture was successfully repaired. Thirty-four days after the transplantation diuresis increased and hemodialysis therapy could be discontinued. In a second biopsy of the kidney the signs of toxic tubulopathy with isometric vacuolization were reduced. On the following days the serum creatinine dropped below 160 mumol/l. It can be assumed that the combination of CS therapy and administration of massive and continued doses of mannitol in an oliguric patient with allograft kidney may potentiate severe tubulopathy with concomitant edematous swelling of the graft. This can result in an increasing danger of spontaneous renal rupture.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Selection modalities in the history of the medical faculty of the Halle University. II. The 19th century].

Up to the 19th century a university chair was offered to a physician, surgeon or researcher at the Department of Medicine of the University of Halle mainly by means of a decree issued by the Government or state. The statutes of the Departments of Medicine of different universities were revised and updated in the 19th century, providing for a little more leeway in respect of such calls to a university, giving the universities a right to suggest to the relevant ministers as to who, in their opinion, should receive a call to the chair of professor or assistant professor. Examples taken from the history of the university of Halle, however, show that this freedom of action was rather limited and that royal or government decrees had to be carried out even if they contradicted the conceded right to nomination.

Faculty, Medical↗
PubMed1992

[Nomination criteria in the history of the Medical Faculty of the Halle University. III. From the turn of the century to 1945].

The restrictions that had remained applicable in respect of the right of nomination that had been conceded to the Departments of Universities in the 19th century, were rescinded in the early 20th century. As a rule, a list of three suggested names was submitted, but it was still possible that the ministry would issue a decree of appointment without prior approval of the relevant University department. Whereas the conventional principle of nomination continued to apply on paper, additional criteria were brought into play after 1933 involving premises determined by Nazi party politics and which resulted in centrally monitored vocational decisions.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMed1992

[In memory of Hermann Jastrowitz (1882-1943)].

The 50th anniversary of the infamous "Wannsee Conference" that was held on 20 January 1942 at Berlin prompts us to recall the memory of the life and achievements of physicians who were the victims of the measures that had been decreed during that conference-physicians who made medical history both during their lifetime and by the fate they endured. One of these was the Jewish physician Hermann Jastrowitz, whose meritorious achievements for the benefit of the Outpatient Division and Hospital of the Department of Medicine of the University of Halle have been practically completely documented and reconstructed from university and other records.

Germany↗
PubMed1992

[Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension and normal kidney function].

In patients with essential hypertension increased albumin excretion in the urine compared to healthy controls is well known. In 38 patients (age: Mean +/- SD = 37 +/- 16 yr, f: m = 19:19) with benign essential hypertension and normal renal function (creatinine clearance: Mean +/- SD = 99 +/- 16 ml/min) we found a mean urinary albumin excretion of 79 +/- 61 mg/24 h in comparison to 14 +/- 13 mg/24 h (p less than 0.01) in 10 healthy controls (age: Mean +/- SD = 35 +/- 14 yr, f: m = 5:5). In 13 patients with hypertension urinary albumin excretion was increased (greater than 25 mg/24 h) in a subclinical range (microalbuminuria), the other 25 hypertensive patients had normoalbuminuria. Comparing the hypertensive patients with and without microalbuminuria, those with elevated albumin excretion were older (age: Mean +/- SD = 42 +/- 12 yr vs. 32 +/- 19 yr), had a longer average duration of hypertension (8 +/- 5 yr vs. 5 +/- 4 yr) and a higher prevalence both of hypertensive retinopathy (77% vs. 28%) and of abnormalities in the electrocardiogram (23% vs. 4%) than those with normal albumin excretion. The difference in the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy (grade I and II) was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Furthermore the patients with microalbuminuria required a more intensive antihypertensive therapy than those with normoalbuminuria, 46% requiring triple drug therapy as opposed to 24% in the latter group. Thus the demonstration of microalbuminuria in patients with benign essential hypertension is associated with a higher prevalence of funduscopic and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and therefore can be considered as an indicator of early vascular damage in essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Appointment modalities in the history of the medical faculty of the Halle University. I. The 18th century].

Modalities of appointment to medical professorships and readerships were quite differently managed in the period of the first century of Halle University opened in 1694. The appointments of the initial era secured a top position to Halle University (Faculty of Medicine). Then followed decades of decline which not at last resulted from a personal policy being not clear-sighted enough. Nearly from about 1780 new conceptions in the modalities of appointment referred to the bloom of the decades of foundation.

Education, Medical↗