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Biomedical subjects

W J Judd

Publications and source records attributed to W J Judd.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling and umbilical vein transfusions. Rapid serologic differentiation of fetal blood from maternal blood.

Percutaneous umbilical blood samples (PUBS), obtained under ultrasound guidance, are used for prenatal diagnosis and management of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) and other fetal disorders. Rapid testing at the time of sampling is vital to distinguish fetal from maternal blood. Blood typing was performed by slide technique in the treatment room during 38 procedures on 25 patients. Anti-I was used to test 50 presumed PUBS; venous I-positive maternal blood was tested in parallel. Because anti-I cannot detect fetal blood after umbilical vein transfusion (UVT) of I-positive donor blood, ABO and Rh blood typing reagents were used to test 29 samples when maternal and fetal or donor blood groups differed. Monoclonal reagents were used for optimal detection of weak AB antigens in fetal blood. Avid, chemically modified anti-D was used for Rh typing. Blood typing showed 27 (34%) of 79 samples to be maternal blood. Fetal blood was obtained in 8 of 10 cases investigated for fetal disorder and in 16 cases of potential HDN (anti-D, 5; -CD, 5; -cE, 2; -K, 2; -c; -E). The absence of HDN (antigen-negative fetus) was determined in 4 cases. UVT afforded live birth of 9 of 10 infants with HDN and was not indicated in two cases.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1990

Blood use during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

An analysis of the transfusion records of 91 neonatal patients subjected to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is reported. Mean daily blood usage was 250 mL of red cells (RBCs), 80 mL of fresh-frozen plasma, and 2 units of platelets. Average time on ECMO was 4.6 days. Group O or ABO type-specific RBCs and group AB or ABO type-specific plasma products and platelets were transfused. RBCs were not washed, and neither RBCs nor other components were tested for anticytomegalovirus (CMV) or irradiated. No cases of posttransfusion CMV infection or graft-versus-host disease were observed. Hemolysis in eight patients was traced to occlusions in the ECMO circuit. All but three patients survived ECMO. Contrary to a previous report, an active ECMO program for neonatal patients imposes a minimal burden on the hospital transfusion service.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1989

Genetic influences on spatial ability: transmission in an extended kindred.

Transmission of six spatial tests, Card Rotations, Cube Comparisons, Group Embedded Figures, Hidden Patterns, Mental Rotations, and portable Rod and Frame, is examined among 73 members in four generations of an extended kindred. Nonadditive genetic variance is substantial for one of the six tests, Card Rotations. Whether this nonadditive genetic variance is due to a major autosomal gene is equivocal based on results from segregation and linkage analysis. There is no evidence for genetic variance for Mental Rotations or Hidden Patterns, in contrast to previous findings suggesting major gene involvement (Ashton et al., 1979). If spatial ability is due, in part, to an autosomal major gene, the gene has variable expression (reflected in different tests) or genetic heterogeneity is pronounced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Relationship of Haemophilus influenzae type b pilus structure and adherence to human erythrocytes.

Six strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b, some expressing immunologically different pili, showed identical patterns of binding to erythrocytes that were characterized for 38 blood group antigens. All six strains appeared to bind to the Anton antigen, as they agglutinated all erythrocytes tested except cord erythrocytes and those characterized as Lu(a-b-), dominant type, including Anton-negative cells.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1989

Bleach and LISS: a potential hazard.

Investigation into the corrosion of a copper alloy inlet port of a vacuum aspirator revealed an exothermic reaction between copper, glycine--the primary constituent of low-ionic-strength-saline (LISS)--and the widely used disinfectant sodium hypochlorite (common bleach). The apparatus had been used for several years to aspirate LISS-wash supernatants during the preparation of LISS-suspended red cells for antibody detection tests. A small blue-rimmed hole had formed through the side of the inlet port of the equipment, which had been rinsed with bleach during periodic cleansing. Our observations indicate a need for caution when using bleach to decontaminate waste or spills containing glycine. Contact of such materials with base metal parts of laboratory apparatus should be avoided, especially when copper is involved.

Corrosion↗
PubMed1988

Transient reduction in erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoprotein beta associated with the presence of elliptocytes.

Erythrocyte membranes from an anaemic patient receiving gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis had reduced beta-sialoglycoprotein (beta-SGP) content but normal expression of sialoglycoproteins alpha, delta and gamma. Elliptocytes were present in the peripheral blood. The serum of the patient contained anti-beta-SGP which did not appear to bind to her own cells. It reacted with all erythrocytes apart from beta-SGP deficient Leach phenotype cells. The antibody was inhibited by purified beta-SGP from normal red cells, bound to beta-SGP on immunoblots and also reacted with the abnormal beta-related-SGP in erythrocyte membranes of both the Gerbich type and Yus type of Gerbich negative. Two years later the patient was no longer anaemic, no elliptocytes were seen in her peripheral blood film and her erythrocyte membranes had normal beta-SGP content. Antibody was no longer present in her serum and antibody from the earlier sample now reacted with the patient's erythrocytes. Erythrocyte membrane beta-SGP is known to be important in the maintenance of normal cell shape. It is likely that the transient occurrence of elliptocytes in the patient resulted from the concurrent temporary reduction in beta-SGP content of her erythrocyte membranes.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

Biochemical characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the H type-2 antigen: comparison to other ABH antibodies.

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the ABH blood group antigens were tested for their specificity to glycoproteins with ABH activity on immunoblots of solubilized erythrocyte membranes. Immunoblots were stained with monoclonal antibody G10 to the H type-2 carbohydrate structure or with commercially prepared monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to A, B, and H blood group antigens. G10 antibody specifically stained antigens in the regions that contain the erythrocyte membrane bands 3 and 4.5; the staining was proportional to the expected H content of the erythrocytes (O greater than A2 greater than B greater than A2B greater than A1 greater than A1B). No specific staining was observed with membranes derived from Oh (Bombay) erythrocytes which lack the H type-2 structure. A commercially prepared monoclonal anti-H did not specifically stain erythrocyte membrane antigens. Monoclonal and polyclonal anti-A specifically stained bands from A and AB but not O, B, or Oh erythrocytes (A1 greater than A1B greater than A2 greater than A2B). Polyclonal anti-B serum specifically stained bands from B and AB but not O, A, or Oh erythrocytes (B greater than A2B greater than A1B). However, no specific staining was observed in tests with monoclonal anti-B. Monoclonal antibodies G10 and anti-A and polyclonal anti-A and -B blood typing sera will be useful in the further characterization of the molecular nature of the ABH antigens.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal antibody (G10) to a common antigen of human squamous cell carcinoma: binding of the antibody to the H type 2 blood group determinant.

The IgM monoclonal antibody G10 was raised against the human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line UM-SCC-1. In initial screening against cultured cells, G10 bound to 2 SCC lines (UM-SCC-1 and UM-SCC-13) and 1 pancreatic carcinoma line (UM-PAd-1) but not to cultured fibroblasts (WI-38), ovarian carcinoma cells (SK-OV-3), or malignant melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28 and MeWo). In subsequent tests against cultured cell lines, G10 gave positive reactions with 30 of 33 SCC lines but only 4 of 29 non-SCC lines. The non-SCC lines that bound G10 were UM-PAd-1, 2 transitional cell carcinoma lines (T24 and RT4), and 1 melanoma line (SK-MEL-22). When tested against cultures derived from normal skin or mucosa, G10 was reactive with the epitheloid squamous cells but not with the fibroblasts in each culture. The antigen defined by antibody G10 was stable to fixation with Formalin, and its distribution in tissue sections was examined with the use of immunoperoxidase assays. All SCC biopsy specimens examined in this way were reactive with antibody G10. In similar tests against sections of fixed normal tissues, G10 stained the superficial squamous cells of the epidermis and the basal and suprabasal layers of mucosal squamous epithelial cells from the esophagus. All layers of the laryngeal epithelium were positive. Endothelial cells and certain glandular cells were also positive for G10 binding. G10 agglutinated human red blood cells of all blood groups except those from individuals of the Bombay group (Oh) who lack the H blood group determinant. Against defined oligosaccharides, G10 bound strongly only to the monofucosyl H type 2 structure and was slightly cross-reactive with the synthetic difucosyl H type 2 or Y structure. These results are consistent with previous reports of blood group antigen tissue distribution and indicate that the H type 2 determinant is expressed by all or nearly all mucosal squamous cancers. Less frequent expression by cells of other tumor types may correlate with tissue-specific activation of the H gene-specified fucosyltransferase.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1984

Structural analysis of the Ss sialoglycoprotein specific for Henshaw blood group from human erythrocyte membranes.

The N-terminal structures of the MN and Ss erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins (glycophorins A, B) from two Henshaw (He) blood-group heterozygotes were determined by manual sequencing of tryptic glycopeptides and various secondary fragments. No structural alteration of the MN glycoprotein could be detected. The He-specific portion of the Ss glycoprotein was found to exhibit the N-terminal sequence Trp-Ser+-Thr+-Ser+-Gly-(+ = glycosylation). Thus it differs at three positions from its normal counterpart which possesses 'N' activity and exhibits the N-terminal structure Leu-Ser+-Thr+-Thr+-Glu-. Analysis of the Ss glycoprotein from 15 He-negative erythrocyte samples did not reveal any of the three He-specific structural alterations. The presence of a glycine residue at the fifth position of the blood-group-M-active MN glycoprotein as well as in the He-specific Ss glycoprotein provides an explanation for the occurrence of antisera (anti-Me) reacting with the M and He antigens.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Peanut lectin agglutinin and alpha-lactalbumin. Binding and immunohistochemical localization in breast tissues.

We analyzed 31 breast lesions immunohistochemically for alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) production and T-antigen presence as defined by peanut lectin agglutinin (PNA). Most cases of well-differentiated infiltrating carcinomas (14 of 17) and of poorly differentiated carcinomas (two of four) showed positive immunoreactivity for ALA; ALA was also localized in three cases of normal breast tissues, in two fibroadenomas, and in five intraductal carcinomas. The PNA binding pattern was primarily along the luminal cytoplasmic cell membrane in normal breasts and in fibroadenomas. We saw both cell membrane and cytoplasmic binding in carcinomas. In seven cases of primary and metastatic carcinomas to axillary lymph nodes, both primary and metastatic tumors expressed T antigen and produced ALA. These studies indicate that ALA can be used as a diagnostic marker in breast carcinoma and that the PNA binding pattern in normal and benign breast tissues is primarily at the luminal cytoplasmic cell membrane, whereas both cytoplasmic and cell membrane binding are present in carcinomas. The production of ALA does not appear directly related to T-antigen expression or to metastatic disease.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1983

Hyperimmune human ABO blood-typing sera: reactivity with murine laminin and cytotoxicity for metastatic murine tumour cells.

Commercially prepared ABO blood-typing antisera have been tested for their ability to bind to murine laminin and their cytotoxic effects upon high and low metastatic variants of a murine fibrosarcoma. Previous studies have shown that alpha-D-galactopyranosyl end-groups comprise the major antigenic determinants on type B erythrocytes and that these same end-groups are present on murine laminin purified from the EHS sarcoma and on a laminin-like glycoprotein on the surface of the high, but not low, metastatic fibrosarcoma cells. In the present study we found that all sera containing anti-B activity were cytotoxic to the high, but not the low, metastatic cells and that all of these sera reacted strongly against immobilized murine laminin in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera lacking anti-B activity, i.e. anti-A antisera, were much less cytotoxic to either cell line and three of the four anti-A sera did not bind to murine laminin. The laminin reactivity and cytotoxic effect of the anti-B sera were specifically abrogated by preincubation of the sera with water-soluble blood group B substance or with murine laminin but not with water-soluble blood group A substance.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

Inactivation of Kell blood group antigens by 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide.

Human red cells incubated with a solution containing 6% 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET) lose activity of antigens that are part of, or related to, the Kell blood group system. However, Kx antigen is not inactivated. Studies on a wide range of other blood-group antigens show no other evidence of changes and AET appears to react specifically with red-cell membrane structures that have Kell activity. The AET procedure produces an artificial K0 red cell that can be used in blood group serology, and allows easy recognition of antibodies that are associated with the Kell system. AET has been used by other workers to produce a red cell that has many serological and biochemical characteristics of a PNH cell. Our studies on red cells from PNH patients have not shown any changes in Kell blood-group antigens.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1980

The role of lectins in blood group serology.

Many lectins display blood group activity, and extracts from Dolichos biflorus (anti-A1), Ulex europaeus (anti-H), and Vicia graminea (anti-N) seeds provide an alternative to human sera as a source of blood-typing reagents. However, the major application of lectins in blood group serology undoubtedly lies in the recognition and elucidation of red celll polyagglutination. In this respect, lectins from Arachis hypogaea (anti-T/Tk), Salvia sclarea (anti-Tn). Salvia horminum (anti-Tn + Cad). Dolichos biflorus (anti-Tn/Cad) Glycine max, and the N-acetyl-D-glucosminyl-binding lectin, BS II (anti-Tk) from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds, provide an invaluable source of reagents for use in investigative immunohemotology. Because of their specific carbohydrate-binding properties, lectins have also been used as probes in studies on the topography of the red cell surface. This latter appliction has provided much information on the structure of the MN, T, and Tn red cell surface receptors and has aided in defining the red cell membrane abnormalities associated with certain uncommon phenotypes within the MN blood group system.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1978

Familial Turner syndrome.

Seven women in three generations of a family have been affected by Turner syndrome. Turner phenotype in this family is the result of deletion of the entire short arm of one X chromosome. The short arm deletion is transmitted by carriers of a balanced X-1 translocation. Autoradiographic findings showed that the deleted X chromosome was late labeling in those persons with Turner syndrome, whereas the normal X chromosome was late replicating in carriers of the balanced translocation. The results of Xga typing of erythrocytes suggest that the Xg locus is on the short arm of the X chromosome. Because of the clinical implications, we believe that families of persons with structural chromosomal abnormalities should be studied to exclude familial transmission.

Adolescent↗