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W J Judd

Publications and source records attributed to W J Judd.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Electronic verification of donor-recipient compatibility: the computer crossmatch.

BACKGROUND: This article describes standard operating procedures (SOPs) for a computer crossmatch to replace the immediate-spin crossmatch for ABO incompatibility between patient blood samples submitted for pretransfusion testing and the blood component selected for transfusion. These SOPs were developed following recent changes to the Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services of the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: SOPs were developed, utilizing currently available software, for pretransfusion testing. The SOP for donor unit processing entails bar code entry of the unit number, component name, and ABO/Rh type; computer entry and interpretation of serologic reactions; warning of discrepancies between bar code-entered blood type and result interpretation; and quarantine of the donor unit in such instances. The SOP for patient sample testing requires bar code entry of specimen accession number, which accesses patient demographics; computer entry and interpretation of ABO/Rh tests; repeat blood typing at the time of crossmatch if only one patient blood type is on record; and warning if there are nonconcordant current and historical blood types. The computer crossmatch SOP requires bar code entry of specimen accession and donor unit numbers; release of group O red cells pending resolution of discrepancies; and immediate-spin crossmatch during computer downtime. Tables validated on-site prompt warning messages and prevent both computer crossmatch and release if blood components of the wrong ABO type are selected. RESULTS: These SOPs meet the requirements of the 15th edition of the AABB Standards. Projected annual time savings at this institution are > 100,000 workload recording units. Further benefits include reduced patient sample volume requirements, less handling of biohazardous material, and elimination of unwanted positive or negative reactions associated with the immediate-spin crossmatch. Release of incompatible blood components when the wrong patient blood type is on record is addressed by requiring the use of group O red cells in the absence of two concordant blood types, one of which must be from a current sample. CONCLUSION: A combination of existing computer programs and carefully developed SOPs can provide a safe and efficient means of detecting donor-recipient incompatibility without performance of serologic crossmatch.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1994

State association-sponsored program for SBB candidates.

Concern about the closure of the only Specialist in Blood Banking (SBB) School in the State of Michigan prompted the Michigan Association of Blood Banks (MABB) to develop and administer a comprehensive series of lectures to meet the needs of technologists seeking SBB certification via the experiential route. The program consisted of more than 60 1(1/2)-hour lectures covering all aspects of blood banking (genetics, coagulation, immunology, blood group serology, blood collection and administration, and transfusion medicine) except infectious disease testing and management issues. The latter were presented during two free-standing one-day seminars (for which a fee was charged for those not registered for the lecture series). Educational techniques were covered in a self-study module. Two lectures were presented one morning each week from March through December, with no presentations during July. Lecturers were local volunteer experts, and detailed learning objectives were established for each topic. Each registrant was charged a nominal fee ($100 for MABB members; $150 for nonmembers). There were 32 registrants for the lecture series, with additional registrants for the seminars. Total revenue was $5,100, and expenses amounted to approximately $2,400, mostly for faculty honoraria and catering for the two seminars. The popularity of our program reflects the need for alternatives to formal SBB schools.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system: 1. Weak subgroups: A3 and B3 alleles.

We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the coding region in the last two coding exons of ABO genes (which occupy 91% of the soluble form of A1 transferase) from 7 individuals with weak subgroup phenotypes. Four of the individuals had an A3 phenotype and 3 individuals had a B3 phenotype. We determined the nucleotide sequences based on PCR followed by subcloning and DNA sequencing of the amplified fragments. Two cases of the A3 allele and 1 case of the B3 allele were found to contain a single-base substitution which resulted in an amino acid substitution. However, no other cases of A3 and B3 alleles were found to contain differences in this region. This finding demonstrates for the first time heterogeneity among these weak subgroups at the nucleotide level.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1992

Can the reading for serologic reactivity following 37 degrees C incubation be omitted?

The need to detect antibodies that agglutinate and/or hemolyze red cells (RBCs) directly at 37 degrees C, but do not react in subsequently performed indirect antiglobulin tests (IATs), is of concern relative to the streamlining and automation of antibody detection methods. To determine incidence and significance of such reactions, data from 87,480 tests, which used low-ionic-strength saline, 10-minute incubation at 37 degrees C, and anti-IgG, were analyzed for unexpected antibodies. There were 3590 positive tests, of which 475 showed reactions at 37 degrees C but not in subsequently performed IATs (37 + IAT-). Of these, 196 reactions were due to autoantibodies or other factors usually considered insignificant with respect to the survival of transfused incompatible RBCs, 176 were due to alloantibodies of questionable clinical significance (M, Lea, P1, etc.), and 103 were associated with alloantibodies of potential clinical significance (63 E, 27 K, 5 Jka, 4 D, 3 cE, and 1 C). This latter reaction was seen in 72 patients, with two 37 + IAT-antibodies occurring in each of 3 patients. Of the 75 potentially significant 37 + IAT-antibodies, 57 were seen in patients recently exposed to homologous RBCs, 13 in patients with a history of transfusion and/or pregnancy, and 5 in patients with no known exposure to homologous RBCs. IAT reactivity was observed in subsequent samples with 27 of these antibodies. The predictive value of a 37 + IAT-test was 21.7 percent for a potentially significant antibody. The incidence was 0.12 percent of all tests for unexpected antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1992

Cefotetan-induced immune hemolytic anemia.

Immune hemolytic anemia due to a drug-adsorption mechanism has been described primarily in patients receiving penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins. We describe a patient who developed anemia while receiving intravenous cefotetan. Cefotetan-dependent antibodies were detected in the patient's serum and in an eluate prepared from his red blood cells. The eluate also reacted weakly with red blood cells in the absence of cefotetan, suggesting the concomitant formation of warm-reactive autoantibodies. These observations, in conjunction with clinical and laboratory evidence of extravascular hemolysis, are consistent with drug-induced hemolytic anemia, possibly involving both drug-adsorption and autoantibody formation mechanisms. This case emphasizes the need for increased awareness of hemolytic reactions to all cephalosporins.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1992

Anti-Yta does not cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Anti-Yta has been reported to cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. We present a pregnancy complicated by anti-Yta alloimmunization. Based on reassuring monocyte monolayer assay results, the pregnancy was followed without invasive testing. The infant subsequently had a benign course in the nursery. We conclude that anti-Yta did not cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

When is a unit of blood transfused relative to its date of expiration?

Analysis of computer-generated data from 42,902 transfusions of red cells or whole blood reveales that 30 percent of Rh-positive and 46.5 percent of Rh-negative units of blood will be lost from inventory if the permissible storage time for blood is immediately reduced to 25 days. These data indicate that, should such a reduction be adopted as a means of preventing transfusion-transmitted Yersinia infection, the blood banking industry will have serious difficulties in maintaining an adequate blood supply.

Blood Banks↗