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Biomedical subjects

W Haase

Publications and source records attributed to W Haase.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Separation of renal medullary cells: isolation of cells from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.

A homogeneous population of single cells from the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH) has been isolated from the rabbit kidney medulla. A total medullary cell suspension was prepared by a series of collagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin digestions and separated on a Ficoll gradient (2.6-30.7% wt/wt). Morphologically, the cells isolated from the TALH were homogeneous and showed polarity within their plasma membrane structure, with a few blunt microvilli on their apical surface and deep infoldings of the basal-lateral membrane. Biochemically, the TALH cells were highly enriched in calcitonin-sensitive adenylate cyclase and Na, K-ATPase. Alkaline phosphatase and arginine vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase, highly concentrated in proximal tubule and collecting duct, were present only in low concentrations in the TALH cells. Additionally, furosemide, a diuretic inhibiting sodium chloride transport in the TALH in vivo, inhibited oxygen consumption of the TALH cells in a dose-dependent manner. The TALH cells were viable, as judged by morphological appearance, trypan blue exclusion, the response of oxygen consumption to 2,4-dinitrophenol, succinate and ouabain, and the cellular Na, K and ATP levels.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1980

Lack of association between the HLA-A10 (A25), B18 and C2o haplotype and anaphylactoid purpura (AP).

In 41 patients with AP and 134 healthy relatives HLA haplotypes and total hemolytic complement and C2 concentrations were determined. Though complement levels were found in the lower normal range in none of the individuals studied, a genetically determined C2 deficient state could be established. No association between low C2 levels and the HLA haplotype A10(A25), B18 or an isolated A25 or B18 was observed. A comparison of phenotype frequencies of AP patients with controls showed no significant difference. Contingency table analysis of patients and control haplotypes showed a definite close association with HLA-A1, Bw22, A2, Bw16, and A29, B12.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Dose-response relationship of xipamide in healthy subjects].

To establish a dose-effect relationship for the xipamide diuretic in double-blind trials 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg of xipamide were administered to 5 groups of 6 to 14 healthy test persons in each group. Before, during and after the 15-d period of application all the blood electrolytes as well as the metabolism parameters of glucose, uric acid, cholesterol, neutral fats as well as creatinine and urea were determined. Similarly during the entire period of investigation the 24-h urine samples were collected daily and from these the electrolyte excretion as well as the endogenic creatinine clearance were determined. It was found that diuresis and natriuresis significantly enhanced in comparison with placebo were already achieved with 5 mg xipamide per day, they could no further be increased by higher doses. Much rather at 40 mg xipamide per day a significant hypokalaemia as well as a light hypercalcaemia developed. Independently of the dose, during the period of investigation a light, fully compensated hypochloraemic alkalosis developed. Regarding the metabolic processes a slight increase in the uric acid and cholesterol blood levels was observed, while the blood-sugar level, the triglycerides as well as the endogenic creatinine clearance remained unaffected. It can be concluded from the investigations that maximum natriuresis and diuresis can already be achieved with a daily xipamide dose of 5 mg, while side effects can be kept at a minimum.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin formulations.

The pharmacokinetics of macrocrystalline formulations of nitrofurantoin (50 mg and 150 mg) were studied after single dose administration in 10 healthy male volunteers, using a cross-over study design. The total estimation of the pharmacokinetic data was calculated simultaneously from all of the single values, using a direct search procedure based on an open two-compartment-model (with additional 2 first-order input steps for one of the 150 mg formulations). Analysis showed that the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters for the formulations studied were in comparable ranges; however, the terminal elimination half-lives, 1.2 h and 1.7 h, were 3 to 4 times longer in comparison to those currently reported in the literature. The marked discrepancy in these findings is discussed and a review of the current data on the elimination kinetics of nitrofurantoin is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and salicylamide in man after combined rectal application (author's transl)].

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of paracetamol (300 mg) and salicylamide (200 mg) in the course of combined repetitive (three times tau = 4 h) administration of suppositories was investigated in 10 healthy, male volunteers. The estimation of the pharmacokinetic constants was performed by a simultaneous curve fitting from all single values with a direct search procedure, based on an open two-compartment model and the multiple-dose equation. Both drugs showed a pharmacokinetic behaviour which was conformable to the literature data for single dose and mono substance applications. The dynamics of the absorption kinetics was decreased, as is generally seen after the application of suppositories. In spite of this both substances reached a steady state after the 3rd application. A calculation of collapse coefficients showed for paracetamol as well as for salicylamide a pharmacokinetic distribution behaviour deviating from an open one-compartment model. Due to the good conformity of the parameters, which causes the synchronism of the time-concentration curves after multiple dose application, paracetamol and salicylamide are suited combination partners as seen from a pharmacokinetic point of view.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1979

[Efficacy and tolerance of Uroflux, a bladder and kidney tea, in the treatment of urinary tract infections, especially in diabetes mellitus].

In an open study the use of Uroflux tea and sugar coated tablets individually and in combination with chemotherapeutic or antibiotic therapy in 52 patients is described. Urine analysis showed improvement rates of 92 and 93 per cent respectively. A blind trial was carried out separately in diabetic patients over a period of 14 days in order to evaluate the effects on daily blood sugar levels of Uroflux tea against a comparative product. It was clearly shown, that the patients on Uroflux tea showed no changes in daily blood sugar profiles. Contrary to this is was noteworthy that blood sugar concentrations in patients receiving the comparative product were elevated in the morning before breakfast as well as one hour after the midday meal. There were no side effects observed with any of the Uroflux dosage forms; even patients complaining of "sensitive stomach" reported excellent tolerance.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Regional blood flow determinations in the rat during paraoxon-poisoning and treatment with atropine and obidoxime.

Perfusion rates of various organs were determined for 4 different rat populations subjected, respectively, to: (a) 15 min infusion of paraoxon (150 micrograms/kg i.v.); (b) 15 min infusion of paraoxon and the injection of 1.0 mg/kg atropine; (c) 15 min paraoxon infusion and the injection of 10.0 mg/kg obidoxime; and (d) none of these substances. Atropine and obidoxime were both injected 10 min after the beginning of the paraoxon infusion. The perfusion rates were determined by means of the microspheres technique, which allows the simultaneous measurement of different perfusion rates. The paraoxon-treated animals revealed a significantly lower perfusion rate of the kidney, skeletal muscle, skin and spleen in comparison to the unpoisoned control group. The flow rates in heart, stomach, small intestine, liver (arterial) and brain changed only slightly. The injection of atropine caused the perfusion rates of heart, kidney, intestine and spleen to be greater than under paraoxon alone, Obidoxime, furthermore, induced significant increases in the perfusion rates of all 9 organs studied. Indeed, for several organs, the flow rates under atropine and obidoxime were greater than those of the controls. It is suggested that the effects of paraoxon, atropine and obidoxime on the organ flow rates are due to different influences on peripheral and central muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and to changes in the depth of respiration.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[The incidence of squinting in school beginners in Hamburg (author's transl)].

In 830 children medically examined at the time of beginning school 20% showed conditions which needed treatment or correction. From these children half had never been in ophthalmological treatment. We found a squint in 52 children (6.3%), and from these, 9 (17.3% of the squinters) showed microstrabismus. One squinter in five had never started ophthalmological treatment. Out of the non-squinting children, however, 15 out of 778 (1.9%) had amblyopia (6/12 or worse visual acuity). In 4 cases an organic condition was the cause of the reduced visual acuity. Among the squinters amblyopia was commoner--23 out of 52 cases (44.2%). From these 4 showed bilateral amblyopia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Diplopia frequency as a result of the surgical treatment of concomitant squint].

Postoperative diplopia in cases of congenital strabismus or early onset occured in 5% of patients operated on in 1977. We cannot calculate the frequency of diplopia in children operated on up to the age of 9 years old (290 cases) since no child suffered from diplopia. Its incidence-5% (9 out of 177 cases) relates to patients older than 9 years at the time of surgery, 6 patients out of 20 cases with consecutive exotropia complained of diplopia (following revision surgery). Amblyopia - foveal or eccentric fixation-alone seems to be a less important risk than consecutive exotropia. Preoperative wearing of prism to compensate the objective angle of squint over a few days can reduce but not exclude the general risk of postoperative diplopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Analysis of serum immunoglobulins and complement factors in children with chronic ITP and after reversible postinfectious thrombocytopenia (author's transl)].

Levels of immunoglobulins G, A and M and complement factor C3 and C4 were determined by single radial immunodiffusion techniques in a group of 26 children with a history of postinfectious thrombocytopenic purpura and in another group of 6 children with chronic ITP. The statistical evaluation of the data of patients with chronic ITP did not show any significant deviation from normal. In patients with previously acute, reversible ITP, levels of IgG and IgM were elevated. Whether this elevation was significant or not depended upon the statistical analysis applied. C3 levels tended to be above the average normal mean, C4 levels, in contrast, to be below. The importance of increased IgG and IgM concentrations in patients with the history of postinfectious ITP is discussed. The raised IgG and IgM levels are interpreted as an expression of a certain type of hyperimmune state rather than as an impairment of immunoregulatory mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Steady-state pharmacokinetics of sulfamethoxazole and trimethorprim in man after rectal application.

The pharmacokinetics of a combination of 800 mg sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) and 160 mg trimethoprim (TMP) were studied in 5 healthy male volunteers after repetitive rectal administration at constant 8-h dosing intervals. The average serum concentrations measured in steady-state between the fourth and seventh days showed a range for total SMZ of 47.86 to 63.38 microgram/ml. Free SMZ was between 40.04 and 51.42 microgram/ml and TMP between 1.44 and 2.20 microgram/ml. The ratio of total SMZ to free SMZ did not change during the course of the investigation. The pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from a simultaneous curve fitting of the Bateman function on the basis of the multiple dose equation. The values thus found for V0 and t50% correlate essentially with those found in the literature for oral administration. In addition, the final serum minimums and maximums were calculated. Extrapolation from t leads to infinity gave a serum minimum for total SMZ of 51.7 microgram/ml and 1.8 microgram/ml for TMP. The course of the curve fitting did not show an accumulative trend so that, in fact, it can be assumed that a steady-state was present.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in humans following single oral and rectal administration (author's transl)].

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (paracetamol) after single dose applications of 500 mg and 1000 mg dosages in the form of liquids, tablets and suppositories was compared. The estimation of the pharmacokinetic constants by a simultaneous curve fitting with a direct search procedure, based on an open two-compartment model, showed for the liquid as well as for the tablet formulation a good conformable and dosage proportional behaviour of the relative bioavailability. In opposite to the oral application, the suppositories had a significantly reduced invasion kinetics with a comparable elimination kinetics characterized by a lowering of Cmax and an increase of Tmax-values with comparable AUCs. The calculation of collapse-coefficients showed, with the exception of one suppository formulation, for all administrations a pharmacokinetic behaviour deviating from an open one-compartment model. The clinical consequences resulting from the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the different galenic formulations and routes of administrations are discussed.

Acetaminophen↗