Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to W Arnold.
Experiments concerning the chemical leukemogenesis in nude mice were performed. Following administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) 4 out of 11 nude mice developed extra-thymic lymphatic leukemias. The findings are demonstrated by means of histological and histochemical methods. The successful cellular transplantation of an induced lymphatic leukemia is reported.
The transplantation of human adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract into nude mice is described. The human primary tumors were located in the stomach, colon or rectum. Successively transplantable lines could be established by means of implantations of tumor blocks in the left abdominal wall of nude mice. Some biological and histopathological criteria of the implanted tumors as compared to their human origins are given. Several experiments concerning the dependence of tumor growth in nude mice upon the region of implantation are reported. Moreover, first results with regard to development of tumor recidives in nude mice after resection are presented.
Using four mouse tumor systems--leukemia L1210, i.m. mammary carcinoma 1142A, Lewis lung carcinoma, metastatic model of the mammary carcinoma 1142A--a combined treatment consisting of vincristine--cyclophosphamide--metrotrexate--5-fluorouracil is superior to a combined treatment with carminomycin--dibromodulcitol. The treatment with carminomycin and dibromodulcitol in each case alone causes therapeutic benefits being superior to a treatment with the combination carminomycin--dibromodulcitol. This result could be stated for all tumor systems used. Carminomycin showed the greatest effectivity against the leukemia L1210. A human tumor nude mouse system--ascitic mesothelioma 1503A--is presented which is suitable for chemotherapeutic experiments. First test results indicated an antineoplastic effectivity after daunoblastin treatment, but cyclophosphamide and carminomycin did not influence the life span.
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is etiologically closely connected to the Epstein Barr virus. NPC is the only carcinoma in man that can be diagnosed serologically. In the serum of patients with NPC characteristic antibody titres of certain viral antigens can be demonstrated during the disease. Conclusions regarding the success of treatment and on possible relapse can be deduced from these antibody titres. Criteria of histological differention for NPC prognosis are described, and the possible mode of infection is discussed. Since the disease also occurs in adolescents the treatment of a typical case of NPC is described.
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Classification of the aetiological factors in sensorineural hearing loss in children and the possible methods of its causal diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Hereditary sensorineural hearing loss is not per se resistant to treatment. Diagnostically distinction should be made between sensorineural and strial deafness, and for this accurate localization of pathology is necessary. Examples are given supporting these arguments.
The submitted review describes the xenogeneic transplantation of human tumors. The following methods are presented with special regard to the qualification for chemotherapeutic experiments: Transplantation into immunologically privileged sites, new-born animals, experimentally immunosuppressed animals, nude mice, lasat mice, nude rats. Considering the immense amount of papers published recently only selected references could be included in the bibliography.
The antineoplastic effectivity of VCMF was compared with the combined therapy CRM plus DBD in the mouse tumor systems L1210, 1142 A and Lewis lung carcinoma. Therapy of tumor-bearing mice was carried out by administering doses on the basis of LD 10 or with doses directly calculated from the clinical study CMEA 0102. In the most of all experiments VCMF was superior to the combination CRM plus DBD.
A statistically significant metastasis-prophylactic effect was obtained by administration of sera originating from BCG-stimulated mice and rabbits. The benzo[a]pyrene induced sarcoma 276A served as experimental metastatic test model.
The present study was initiated to assess the risk of infection of medical personnel and family contacts of hemodialysis patients. It confirms previous reports that hemodialysis patients and staff members of hemodialysis units are at high risk of acquiring HBV infection. Approximately 25% of the household contacts had serological signs of past or ongoing HBV infections. The risk of infection of the family contact was independent of the mode of dialysis but increased if the contact was a spouse, assisted in dialysis, or if the index hemodialysis patient was HBsAg positive. There is an urgent need for active immunization to prevent spread of HBV related to hemodialysis.
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Family members of 34 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers were tested for different hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers. Among 67 family members tested 24 (36%) presented signs of a past or ongoing HBV-infection. Spread of HBV-infection was particularly high in those families in which the HBsAg carrier was positive for HBeAg and Dane particle-associated DNA polymerase activity. Non-parenteral "horizontal" transmission of HBV among spouses and brothers and sisters and probably parenteral vertical transmission of HBV from carrier mothers to their infants occurred in approximately the same frequency. Fathers transmitted HBV unfrequently to their offsprings. The results show that the risk to acquire a HBV-infection from an asymptomatic HBsAg carrier is closely linked to the serological findings in the HBe/anti-HBe-system of the index HBsAg carrier and not to the family relationship to the HBsAg carrier.
Five carcinomata of the nasopharynx (four lymphoepithelial carcinomata of the Regaud type and one squamous cell carcinoma) were examined light and electron microscopically. In addition to the familiar histological and cytological features of these tumors, and because of an increased antibody titer against Epstein-Barr virus in all five patients, all those cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions were examined which could be interpreted as indicative of a virus contact. The following structures were found: 1. Particles and microtubules which correspond in diameter, shape, and location to Corona viruses. 2. Particles surrounded by a double membrane and resembling in form and diameter Oncorna viruses. 3. Tubulo-reticular, coil-shaped cytoplasmic inclusions interpreted as an unspecific reaction of the host cell to viral attack. 4. Spherical nuclear bodies, which are frequently observed in tumors and in viral infections. 5. Intranuclear particles which correspond in diameter, structure, and distribution to viruses of the herpes type such as have been described in cell cultures of Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The fifth group particularly was discussed in detail with regard to differentiation between those particles and other structures which could simulate a virus structure. Together with the appearance of increased ribosomes and of particular chromatin distribution within the tumor cell nuclei, the particles we discussed have been interpreted as morphological indications of a virus etiology of the examined tumors.
The development of the interdental cells of the limbus spiralis and of the inner spiral sulcus cells as well as the formation of the mesenchymal teeth of Huschke are described during fetal life up to the day of birth in the guinea pig. Additionally, the changes of the developing tectorial membrane are studied. The ultrastructural observations allow the conclusion that during fetal development at least a considerable part of the material of the tectorial membrane is secreted by the interdental cells of the limbus spiralis.