[Analytic considerations regarding realization of physiotherapeutic prescriptions for the purpose of orthopedic therapy].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
W Arnold
Publications and source records attributed to W Arnold.
[Physiopathology and clinical aspects of Menière's disease].
The most prominent changes in temporal bone histopathology of Menière's disease are hydrops-like extensions of the endolymphatic spaces. The endolymphatic hydrops seems to be the consequence of a diminished function or complete atrophy of the endolymphatic sac. The etiology or pathomechanism of perisaccular fibrosis or saccular degeneration is unknown. But as a consequence of experimental datas obtained by animal studies the pathogenesis of the endolymphatic hydrops can be explained by osmotic active forces which develope within the endolymphatic spaces after blockage of the endolymphatic aqueduct or sac: An increasing concentration of osmotic active endolymphatic components cause an influx of water from the perilymphatic (extracellular) environment so that the limiting membranes of the endolymphatic space have to extend (e.g. Reissner's membrane, saccular membrane). At any topographic location of the endolymphatic spaces these membranes can rupture followed by intermixing of potassium-rich endolymph with sodium rich perilymph. This leads to an acute or chronic intoxication of those sensory nerve elements which have close contact to perilymphatic fluid. The hypothesis of an osmotic induced accumulation of "water' during endolymphatic hydrops is supported by sometime striking results of the glycerol test. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis and etiology of Menière's disease remains obscure, as indicated by the diverging spectrum of the different conservative or surgical therapeutic methods in use.
Animals↗
Transmission of hepatitis-B-virus by pleural effusion containing Dane particles.
Hepatitis-B-surface antigen HBSAG), hepatitis B-e antigen (HBe(HBeAG), and anti-HBc and Dane particles were demonstrated in pleural effusion obtained from an individual with a protracted course of an acute type B hepatitis, Pleural effusion was found to be unrelated to hepatitis-B-virus (HBV) infection. A physician who injured herself with a needle contaminated with pleural effusion experienced asymptomatic acute type B hepatitis.
Adult↗
Breeding of nude mice under improved conventional conditions.
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Animals↗
[Significance of cellularly bound immunoglobulin G in chronic hepatitis induced by hepatitis B virus (author's transl)].
In vivo binding of immunoglobulin G was determined in hepatocytes of 15 patients, who suffered from hepatitis B virus induced chronic hepatitis. The incidence of hepatocytes containing immunoglobulin G bound in a granular pattern correlated positively with HBcAg within the nuclei and negatively with HBsAg in cytoplasma. The third component of complement could not be demonstrated in the hepatocytes. No correlation was found between the degree of immunoglobulin G fixation and inflammatory activity within the liver. It is suspected that immunoglobulins deposited as granula within the cell are identical with phagocytized immune complexes, which may be composed of HBcAg and anti-HBc.
Biopsy↗
Effectivity of living and non-living BCG vaccine on experimental metastatic spread in mice and the stimulation of the reticulohistiocytic system (RHS).
Heat-killed or formalin-killed BCG vaccine caused statistically significant increases in weight of lungs, spleen and liver, which were in the same range as after administration of equal doses of viable BCG vaccine. Similarly, there was no quantitative or temporal difference in the phosphatase-positive proliferations of the RHS in liver spleen and lungs when using identical doses of viable or heat- or formalin-killed BCG vaccines. The metastasis-prophylactic effect demonstrated for viable BCG was present also after administration of the killed vaccines to a statistically significant degree. The increases in organ weight, extent of phosphatase-positive proliferation foci in liver, spleen and lungs as well as the metastasis-prophylactic effect were entirely identical; they seem to be in a close relationship with each other.
Acid Phosphatase↗
[Temporal bone histopathology in a case of trisomy 22-syndrome (author's transl)].
This premature female infant died soon after birth. She had numerous gross anomalies and was found on cytogenic studies to have Trisomy 22. Polytomographic and histologic studies of the left ear revealed multiple anomalies including complete aural atresia, non-pneumatization of the middle ear with a vertical shelf of bone in the mid portion of the middle ear, absence of the stapes and oval window and bony closure of the round window niche. The cochlea is flat in shape and shows one and a half turns with incomplete formation of the modiolus. The intersaccular septum is rudimentary but the spiral ganglion is clearly seen in Rosenthal's canal through the one and a half turns. The organ of Corti is well developed and contains hair cells. The stria vascularis is present. The utricular and saccular maculae as well as all cristae are well developed and contain hair cells. The saccular wall is collapsed onto an atrophic appearing otolithic membrane. The utricle is dilated, the lateral semicircular canal appears short and the bony canal is wide. The flattened and shortened cochlea with deformities of the cochlear duct, and the large vestibule resembles Mondinis dysplasia.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
[Analysis of fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss (author's transl)].
Many inner ear diseases are accomplished with fluctuating hearing loss. Fluctuating hearing loss is a symptom which possibly can be caused by biophysical, biochemical, toxic, bioelectrical and immunological changes in the cochlea. An analysis of the different forms of this diseases could open up new aspects of pathogenesis and therapy.
Bone Conduction↗
[Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in childhood (author's transl)].
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Autoantibodies↗
Comparison of indicators for dane particles.
The Dane particle is-because of its characteristics--believed to be the complete hepatitis-B-virus. Sera containing high numbers of Dane particles were shown to be highly infectious. In the present study we related the HBeAg-, the HBsAg- and the anti-HBc titer to the level of DNA polymerase activity measured in 20 fold Dane particle concentrates. The data obtained indicate that the HBeAg concentration gives a semiquantitative estimate on the number of circulating Dane particles. Mean DNA polymerase activity was found to increase with HBsAg concentration and is therefore also of value-if determined in a HBeAg positive serum- for quantitation of Dane particles. The anti-HBc titer was found to be unrelated to the number of circulating Dane particles.
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase↗
[Clinical significance of hepatitis B antigen-antibody system].
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Acute Disease↗
Inhibition of hepatitis-B-virus DNA polymerase by phosphonoformate: studies on its mode of action.
Phosphonoformate (PFA) and phosphonoacetate (PAA) were tested for their ability to inhibit the hepatitis-B-virus associated DNA polymerase. The HBV DNA polymerase was inhibited by 100 microM/liter PFA 50% while it was highly resistant to PAA. The inhibition of the Dane particle-associated DNA polymerase by PFA was not competitive to substrates and not affected by changes in the magnesium concentration. PFA was active also after initiation of the DNA polymerase reaction. Competition studies revealed that PFA had a higher affinity to a proposed pyrophosphate binding site than PAA or--alternatively--that both compounds bind to different sites.
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase↗
Experimental studies on specific immunotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
The IgG fraction was isolated from the serum of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and conjugated with ferritin or horseradish peroxidase. The conjugate was injected i.v. in nude mice on which transplanted nasopharyngeal carcinomas were growing. Electron-microscopic examination of the tissue revealed localization of the antibodies of the IgG class (VCA, EBNA) exclusively within the tumor cell association of NPC transplants, mainly on the outer cell membrane, on mitochondria of the cytoplasm, and on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. The possibility of conjugating such EBV-specific and thus NPC tumor cell-related antibodies with cytostatically active substances so as to convey the cytostatics directly to the tumor cells is discussed.
Animals↗
[Anatomical observations in the spiral ganglion of human newborns (author's transl)].
Four temporal bones of human newborns were studied light- and electron-microscopically. Different parts of the spiral ganglion were examined but absolutely no myelinization of the large (type I) and small (type II) ganglion cells could be seen. Between the ganglion cells dense bundles of mixed nerves are detected, some of the unmyelinated nerves show synaptic-like contact zones to the surface of type II-cells. The small type II cells are mainly located at the periphery of the ganglion cell complex. Between the spiral ganglion and the osseous spiral lamina large bundles of unmyelinated nervecomplexes are crossing the mainly myelinated radial fibers. The nerve fibers running from the modiolus to Rosenthal's channel contain bout 12% unmyelinated nerves whereas the nerve fascicles crossing the osseous spiral lamina reveal a population of 22-25% unmyelinated nerve fibers. About 2% of the small unmyelinated nerve fibers (diameter 200-500 nm) which run between the ganglion cells contain dense core vesicles.
Axons↗
[Comparative morphology of lymphoepithelial carcinoma in primary tumor, metastasis, and xenograft (author's transl)].
Tissue of lymphoepithelial tumor metastasis was transplanted subcutaneously to thymus-aplastic "nude" mice. After 75 days a pea-size tumor was developing which again was transplanted to further murine passages. During the second passage the tumor was growing faster and material was taken for light and electron microscopy. The results were compared with the datas obtained from the primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma and metastasis. The tumor cells of the metastasis and of the xenograft showed all morphological criteria of a non-keratinizing squamous epithelial carcinoma of undifferentiated type. The ultrastructural criteria of the human NPC-tumor cells were all present including cytoplasmic deposits of Corona viruses and Herpes virus-like particles within the nuclei and the cytoplasm.
Animals↗
[Fatal sniffing of heroin (author's transl)].
Sniffing of heroin could be demonstrated in four acute deaths of drug addicts by radioimmunological analysis of the nasal mucosa. In addition, the influence of other drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates) or chronic diseases (hepatitis, cardiomyopathy), and acute alterations (pneumonia, myocarditis) were responsible for the fatal course. Different routes of application of drugs, especially heroin, are cited from literature and discussed.
Administration, Intranasal↗
Inhibition of hepatitis B virus specific DNA polymerase by intercalating agents.
Intercalating agents, some of them in clinical use, were tested for their ability to inhibit the hepatitis B virus specific DNA polymerase reaction. Ethidium bromide was shown to be the strongest inhibitor among the compounds tested. Compounds in clinical use inhibited the DNA polymerase test only at high concentrations. The inhibitory activity of all compounds tested was increased when the MgCl2 content in the reaction mixture was lowered. UV absorption studies presented no evidence that this effect was due to complex formation of magnesium and the individual compounds. The therapeutic significance of these findings is not certain and needs further work.
Carrier State↗
The clinical relevance of the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc): a review.
The antibody against the core component of the Dane particle (anti-HBc) is generally detected in the sera of individuals with acute type B hepatitis and in chronic HBsAg carriers. While the serological demonstration of HbsAg with or without anti-HBc indicates continued replication of viral antigens, the co-occurrence of anti-HBs and anti-HBc is considered a marker of recent HBV replication. The demonstration of anti-HBc in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs is in agreement with at least four different states of HBV infection. As this pattern indicates persistent HBV infection in some cases and recovery from an acute type B hepatitis in others, current efforts focus on further characterization of this pattern, using additional test methods such as anti-HBe and anti-HBc of the IgM class.
Acute Disease↗