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Biomedical subjects

W Arnold

Publications and source records attributed to W Arnold.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Subarachnoid space of the CNS, nasal mucosa, and lymphatic system.

We have briefly reviewed the literature pertaining to the movement of tracer molecules and infectious organisms within the olfactory nerve. There is a body of evidence indicating that tracers placed in the CSF will quickly move via the olfactory nerve to the nasal mucosa and then to the cervical lymph nodes. Organic and inorganic tracer materials and organisms as diverse as viruses, a bacillus, and an amoeba, when placed in the nasal cavity, have been shown to move from the nasal mucosa via the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb and the CSF. We think that a portion of the data on tracer movement is due to incorporation of tracer materials and organisms into the axoplasm of the olfactory neurons with subsequent anterograde or retrograde axoplasmic transport. However, some of the movement of tracers may occur within the olfactory perineural space. This space may be continuous with a subarachnoid extension that surrounds the olfactory nerve as it penetrates the cribriform plate. To our knowledge, no one has yet followed the perineural space to determine if it is continuous from olfactory receptor to olfactory bulb. The consideration of this space and its role is the main reason for this review.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency: biochemical properties and heterogeneity in two families.

The biochemical features of two families with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency are compared. Laboratory studies and an evaluation of kinetic and physical properties of erythrocyte purine nucleoside phosphorylase give evidence that a) the degree of abnormality in uric acid and nucleoside concentrations in plasma and urine reflect the severity of the enzymatic deficiency and b) structural alterations of the mutant enzymes result from structural gene mutations and demonstrate genetic heterogeneity in the disease purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[Unusual location of extramedullary plasmacytomas (author's transl)].

Two cases of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma, one of the nasopharynx and one of the tongue are reported. Although there was no paraprotein secretion present, we were able to demonstrate an intracytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin (type IgG-kappa) by immunohistochemical methods. Twelve months following surgical treatment both patients locally and by serum controls are free of residual disease. We confirm former studies in the literature that the prognosis of solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas seems to be good after surgical or radiation therapy. Continuous individual follow-up including serum and X-ray controls are obligatory.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Tubular forms of papova viruses in human laryngeal papilloma.

In two cases of recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis tubular forms of papova viruses could be observed. The same material revealed the close relation between nuclear chromatine and the release of particles, as well as a capsomere like substructure of the virions.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Viruses, virus-like and virus-related structures in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (author's transl)].

Five cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with typically elevated EB-virus-antigen-titer were studied by light- and electron microscopic methods. Within the cytoplasm corona viruses in different forms, regular capsid-like particles with a diameter of 60 nm, tubuloreticular aggregates, and pathologic alterations of the membranes of the endoplasmatic reticulum could be found. The nuclei of the tumour cells often showed particles within the nucleoplasm with an average diameter of 100 nm containing a central core; the appearance of the particles is similar to that of herpes viruses as shown in the literature concerning EB-viruses. Atypic mitoses are common as well as free nucleoplasma-like condensates within the ground cytoplasm. Multiple doubling of the membranes of the endoplasmatic reticulum are characteristic for the tumor cell cytoplasm. Myelin figures are often situated within the enlarged tubules of the E. R., within mitochondria and within the nuclei. The results are discussed concerning the possible viral etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We do not believe that the particles found within the nucleoplasm have a relation to nuclear pores. The arguments are discussed.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1979

[Forensic aspects of digoxin-poisoning: toxicological and morphological findings (author's transl)].

Case report. A 82 year old woman died 80 min after accidental ingestion of 5 mg beta-methyl-digoxin. The autopsy and the histological examination revealed non-specific alterations due to shock and preexisting coronary heart disease. Digoxin levels in various fluids and tissues were estimated by radioimmunoassay: bloodplasma 20--25 ng/ml, liquor 10--13 ng/ml, liver 100--110 ng/g, kidney 130--145 ng/g; the gastric fluid contained 0,6 mg. Forensic aspects of glycosid-intoxication, especially of the varying concentrations in different tissues, are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Urinary ascites in children owing to extravasation of urine from the bladder.

Three cases of urinary ascites in infants secondary to extravasation of urine from the bladder are reported. The first reported case of intraperitoneal extravasation from a perforated bladder resulting from an umbilical cutdown and the second reported case of an intraperitoneal rupture of a congenital diverticulum of the bladder are included. Successful management of urinary ascites was achieved by immediate diversion. The diagnosis of a vesical perforation should be considered in an infant presenting with ascites.

Ascites↗
PubMed1979

Hepatitis B virus markers in 97 long-term hemodialysis patients.

A study was undertaken to assess the state of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in hemodialysis patients. From 97 hemodialysis patients tested, 51 were found to have at least one hepatitis B virus specific marker. 18 were HBsAg carriers, 12 of these carriers have to be regarded as infectious as judged from the presence of HBeAg and/or HBV-specific DNA polymerase activity in the serum. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were found in the sera of approximately 20% of the hemodialysis patients with a high prevalence in cases which lacked HBV markers. We conclude from our study that HBsAg-positive hemodialysis patients should be dialyzed in a separate unit and preferably served by personnel which is anti-HBs-positive. The question whether patients in which anti-HBc represents the only HBV marker should be separated is still open and needs further work. The role of non-A/non-B infection is difficult to determine and further studies are needed to elucidate this question.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Etiology of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative chronic hepatitis.

A study was undertaken to elucidate the etiology of HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis. Form 37 individuals with HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis, 11 had liver membrane autoantibody (LMA) and were thus classified as autoimmune. 6 patients had anti-HBc, 1 of which was also positive for LMA. The majority of individuals with HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis had antibodies to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HAV), in general at low titer. We conclude from our data that hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus infections are unlikely to play a significant role in inducing or maintaining HBs-Ag-negative chronic hepatitis. The etiological role of non-A non-B hepatitis agent(s) is difficult to estimate and must await the detection of appropriate markers for type non-A non-B hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hepatitis B virus markers among family contacts of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers.

A study was undertaken to establish the risk of family contacts of HBsAg carriers acquiring a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. About one-third of all household contacts of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers had signs of past or ongoing HBV infection. Family contacts of HBsAg carriers with high numbers of circulating Dane particles were shown to have a higher risk of developing HBV infection than family contacts of HBsAg carriers without serological evidence of HBV synthesis. The probability of acquiring HBV infection was not different between spouses, parents, children, and brothers and sisters, respectively of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Radioimmunological determination of HBeAg/anti-HBe in HBsAg-positive liver diseases and in "healthy" HBsAg carriers].

This paper describes a "solid-phase"-radioimmunoassay for the demonstration of HBeAg and anti-HBe. The investigations revealed the following results: 1. HBeAg is positive in all patients with acute type B-hepatitis during the acute phase of illness. During the normal course of the disease HBeAg turns to negative followed by an anti-HBe lasting for several months. 2. Cases with a persistent virus B-replication as HBsAg-positive CPH, CAH or patients on hemodialysis are positive for HBeAg in their serum. By means of the fluorescent antibody technique these patients have demonstrable HBcAg and HBeAg in their liver biopsies. 3. Healthy HBsAg carriers are anti-HBe-positive in their serum. In their liver biopsies there are no signs of an on-going virus B-replication (HBsAg and HBeAg negative). 4. The radioimmunological determination of HBeAg and anti-HBe enables us to differentiate between the groups with HBsAg positive acute or chronic hepatitis and the group of healthy HBsAg-carriers.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Tests for Dane particles in serum concentrates of HBsAg positive hemodialysis patients.

The present study was undertaken to assess the infectivity of sera from HBsAg positive hemodialysis patients by measuring HBeAg, DNA polymerase activity and Dane particle associated HBcAg. Of 33 sera tested 25 were positive for at least one of these tests for Dane particles, indicating that most HBsAg positive hemodialysis patients are highly infectious. The demonstration of DNA polymerase activity in serum concentrates was proven to be the most sensitive assay for the detection and quantitation of Dane particles in serum. We conclude from our results that HBsAg positive hemodialysis patients should be treated in separate units and be served by staff who are either anti-HBs positive or HBsAg carriers.

DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase↗
PubMed1979

[Studies on biological characterization of mammary tumours of the Sprague-Dawley-rat in the syngeneic tumour-host system. III. Metastatic experiments with primary tumours, transplantation passages and metastatic cells (author's transl)].

The metastatic spread following intravenous application of cells from primary and transplanted mammary carcinomas is described. When using cells from primary tumours the incidence rate was between 0 and 17%, but was much higher in the case of advanced tumours (transplantation passages and metastases).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

LM-Ag and LSP--two different target antigens involved in the immunopathogenesis of chronic active hepatitis?

Two different types of immune reactions against liver membrane antigens have been described: firstly, cell-mediated immunity and autoantibodies against the liver-specific protein (LSP) in HBsAg-negative and HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and secondly, a liver membrane autoantibody (LMA) in HBsAg-negative CAH. Using 100,000 g supernatants of human and rabbit liver homogenates, the corresponding antigen of LMA could be separated by affinity chromatography on insolubilized LMA-positive sera from patients with HBsAg-negative CAH. A further characterization by crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that LMA is directed against a soluble liver membrane antigen (LM-Ag) that is not a constituent of the purified LSP. LM-Ag seems to be species-unspecific and moves faster than LSP and serum albumin in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. While LSP is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of HBsAg-negative and HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis, LM-Ag may be a target antigen only in cases of HBsAg-negative autoimmune CAH.

Antigens↗
PubMed1979

[Antineoplastic activity of the anthracycline antibiotic violamycin BI in mice and rats using experimental metastases models (author's transl)].

The report describes the antineoplastic activity of violamycin BI on three rodent tumour systems. The test systems are two syngeneic mouse tumours: a benzo(a)pyrene induced sarcoma and a spontaneously originated mammary carcinoma of the inbred strain XVII/Berlin. Both tumours grow in ascitic form and were weekly passaged by i.p. administrations. A third system is a dimethylhydrazine induced rectum carcinoma of the Wistar rat. This rat tumour represents a slowly growing system transplanted by s.c. administrations of tumour fragments. The principle of the screening consists of the evaluation of metastatic parameters, e.g. weight, number and growth rate of metastases, experimentally induced by i.v. administrations of tumour cell suspensions. Under the given experimental conditions violamycin BI represents an antineoplastic antibiotikum with a good effectivity which is superior to the effectivity of the reference antibiotic daunorubicin.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1979

[Biological parameters of a standardized tumor model for chemotherapeutical and toxicological testing (author's transl)].

Biological parameters for standardization of the syngeneic i.m. transplanted ascitic sarcoma 276A in the mouse inbred strain XVII Berlin are described. As therapeutical criteria of cytostatic treatment are used the increase in lifespan of the experimental animals and the parameter E, which results from a growth kinetics obeying a Gompertz function. For estimation of the effect on other quickly proliferating tissues were determined: leukocytes, thrombocytes, reticulocytes, hemoglobin and differentiation of leukocytes. These parameters can serve for the evaluation of pharmacological effectiveness of a cytostatic agent, as shown by the example of a treatment with cyclophosphamide in two different dosages.

Animals↗