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Biomedical subjects

V K Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to V K Sharma.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effect of certain herbicides on survival, growth, and nitrogen fixation of blue-green alga Anabaena doliolum Bharadwaja.

Growth and fixation of nitrogen were retarded in Anabaena doliolum when grown on elemental nitrogen in presence of four different herbicides. The alga was found to be intolerant to these chemicals under nitrogen fixing conditions even in low concentrations. An inhibition of photosynthesis has been regarded as the main basis of herbicidal activity besides other interactions.

Cyanobacteria↗
PubMed1980

The sero-fermentative-phage types of Salmonella weltevreden.

A biotyping scheme has been described which is based on the biochemical behaviour of S. weltevreden strains towards 5 substrates (sorbitol, dextrin, malonate, rhamnose, starch). The 228 S. weltevreden strains examined were grouped into 25 of the 32 theoretical biotypes. Frequently occurring biotypes were: biotype 10 (16.2%), biotype 5 (13.4%) and biotype 11 (11.4%). No substantial correlation could be established between biotypes and source or geographic distribution of S. weltevreden. Sero-fermentative-phage types were computed for 145 strains, phage-types of which has been described earlier and five predominant sero-fermentative-phage types emerged. The sero-fermentative-phage type 3, 10:r:z6;5;1 (serotype = 3, 10:r:z6; biotype = 5; phagetype =1) occurred most commonly with a frequency of 10.3%. The strains belonging to this pattern were from lizard, guinea-pig and humans in India, Netherlands and United States of America.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Profile of complement components in patients with severe burns.

Twelve adults hospitalized with extensive burns formed the basis of the present study. On admission, blisterfluid and serum were collected from each patient and subsequently serum only obtained on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day of hospital stay. Complement components C1q, C3, C4, and C5 were measured in these samples by single radial immunodiffusion technique. It was observed that immediately after the thermal trauma there was a sudden and profound fall in serum levels of the early and late complement components vis-à-vis their appearance in blisterfluid. However, their levels in the latter were significantly lower than in the former. The mean serum levels of these components gradually increased up to the 14th day after burns and thenceforth leveled off, although normal serum levels for C1q and C3 were never achieved. Three patients died between 6 and 24 days after trauma. Individual variations in the complement profile were observed and no correlation between the serum levels of complement components and prognosis of burned patients was seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cocaine and D-amphetamine induce changes in central beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity: effects of acute and chronic drug treatment.

The effects of acute and chronic treatment with psychomotor stimulants on specific binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol to beta-adrenoceptors in rat brain were examined. At a dose of 10 mg/kg both acute and chronic treatment with cocaine and chronic treatment with D-amphetamine (10 mg/kg) caused increased binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol. The molecular mechanism for this enhanced binding appears to be augmentation of the density of beta-adrenoceptors in rat brain. At a lower dose (5 mg/kg), however, chronic administration of D-amphetamine caused a decrease in the density of beta-adrenoceptors in rat brain. Chronic treatment with either D-amphetamine (10 mg/kg) or cocaine induced a marked increase in the magnitude of cyclic AMP accumulation in rat brain slices elicited by norepinephrine. Acute as well as chronic administration of D-amphetamine in vivo inhibited the temperature-dependent uptake of [3H]norepinephrine in rat brain synaptosomal homogenates, but no such inhibition was observed after chronic or acute treatment with cocaine. The results suggest that psychomotor stimulants induce beta-adrenoceptor supersensitivity which may be involved in the phenomenon of reverse tolerance and possibly psychosis in humans. The development of beta-adrenoceptor supersensitivity does not appear to be mediated through alterations in norepinephrine transport at the presynaptic sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of chronic ethanol treatment on specific [3H]ouabain binding to (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in different areas of cat brain.

Chronic ethanol administration to cats increased specific [3H]ouabain binding by 63% in cerebral cortex, 47% in cerebellum, 84% in amygdala, and 100% in hippocampus when the binding assays were performed in the presence of 160 nM [3H]ouabain. There was no significant change in specific [3H]ouabain binding in hypothalamus, thalamus, corpus striatum, and brain stem following chronic ethanol ingestion. Scatchard analysis revealed that enhancement of specific [3H]ouabain binding following chronic ethanol treatment in some areas of cat brain is primarily due to changes in densities of ouabain binding sites. Since ouabain is a specific inhibitor of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase the present observations suggest that the molecular mechanism for the enhancement of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity after chronic ethanol ingestion may be due to increased net rate of synthesis of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase molecules or exposure of non-functional enzyme system following conformational change of plasma membrane.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1979

Rosette formation by buffalo (Bos bubalis) T and B lymphocytes.

Buffalo (Bos bubalis) lymphocytes were purified and tested for their E and EAC rosette forming capacity as a marker for the detection of T and B cells, respectively. Sheep erythrocytes were found to form 17.7 per cent of E rosette with buffalo lymphocytes. This population of lymphocytes is believed to be T cell. Erythrocytes of guinea-pig, rabbit, hamster, rat, chicken, dog and donkey formed a lower percentage of rosettes. Five to 18.5 per cent of SRBC-EAC rosettes were detected with buffalo lymphocytes which are believed to be B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Control of minicell producing cell division by cAMP-receptor protein complex in Escherichia coli.

It has been established that the strain CA8000 of Escherichia coli K12 produces minicells. This phenotype of CA8000 has been shown to be suppressed by additional mutations in cya or crp genes. Minicell production by cya+ crp+ min bacteria is probably a consequence of error, introduced by horizontal growth, in the selection of site on the envelope for initiation of hemispherical growth.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1979

Stimulation of specific [3H]-ouabain binding to microsomal preparations from rat heart and skeletal muscle by thyroid hormones: effects of 6-hydroxydopamine.

1. Surgical thyroidectomy decreased specific [3H]-ouabain binding to heart ventricular microsomes by 43% and gastrocnemius muscle microsomes by 34%. Administration of triiodothyronine to euthyroid rats enhanced specific [3H]-ouabain binding to heart and skeletal muscle membrane by 60% and 33% respectively. 2. Treatment of thyroidectomized rats with triiodothyronine increased specific [3H]-ouabain binding by 44% in skeletal muscle membrane preparation and 428% in cardiac microsomes. 3. Specific [3H]-ouabain binding decreased by 55% in heart and 53% in gastrocnemius muscle preparations following chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. 4. Treatment with triiodothyronine of euthyroid rats which had been sympathectomized did not significantly alter specific [3H]-ouabain binding to heart or skeletal muscle membrane preparations. 5. Administration of triiodothyronine to thyroidectomized and sympathectomized rats increased specific [3H]-ouabain binding by 80% in heart and 83% in skeletal muscle membrane preparations. 6. These results suggest that triiodothyronine may influence specific [3H]-ouabain binding to thyroid hormone nonresponsive tissue such as sympathetic nerve endings. Therefore, the present observations are incompatible with the hypothesis that induction of (Na+ +K+)-adenosine triphosphatase of skeletal muscle membrane is the molecular mechanism for the calorigenic actions of thyroid hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Electrophoresis of buffalo (bos bubalis) serum proteins including immunoglobulins.

Antigenic components of buffalo (Bos bubalis) serum, which were also components of buffalo colostrum, seminal plasma, milk whey, saliva, and tears, were investigated by the ager gel diffusion test and immunoelectrophoresis. Immunoglobulins of buffalo serum were identified by immunoelectrophoresis employing rabbit-anti-buffalo serum and rabbit-anti-buffalo gamma-globulin. Based on immunoelectrophoretic patterns immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgGA, and IgM were detected both in the serum and colostrum of buffaloes. Tears contained both IgG and IgM. Cross-reactions of buffalo serum with seminal plasma, saliva, and milk whey were observed only in the IgG region. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, lipoprotein (5.2% +/- 0.41), IgM (11.4% +/- 3.1), IgG (9.4% +/- 0.98), haptoglobin 21.8% +/- 3.73), transferrin (10.4% +/- 2.15), ceruloplasmin (7.8% +/- 1.3), postalbumin (20.8% +/- 2.09), and albumin (13.7% +/- 0.75) were identified provisionally.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The detection of nasal carriers of salmonella and other enterobacteria amongst young farm animals.

An investigation was conducted to detect the presence of Salmonella nasal carriers amongst young farm animals (Cow-calves, buffalo-calves, lambs, kids, piglets and foals) on farms having a previous history of Salmonellosis. Salmonella could be isolated from nasal swabs of 1.2% of the cow-calves and 2.9% of the piglets studied but not from other young animals. Isolated strains included S. typhimurium and S. weltevreden from cow-calves and piglets, respectively. Other members of family Enterobacriacteeae isolated from nasal passages of these animals were: E. coli (O106:H27 and O153:H12), Serratia rubidiae, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. One of the Citrobacter strains from piglet faeces which appear to be a new Citrobacter serotype had Salmonella 45(1), 45(3), 45(5) 'O' antigens. The results indicated that the upper respiratory tract of animals carried Salmonella and other potentially pathogenic enterobacteria which might contribute to the spread of corresponding infections among man and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Enterobacteriaceae infections in man and animals and detection of their natural reservoirs in India.

The study presents a summary of the results regarding the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in domestic animals and birds, endeavouring to explain the origin of the infections. Wild reptiles, amphibians, mammalia, rodents and birds were examined into the demonstration of Enterobacteriaceae, whereby particular attention was paid to the following species: Arizona, Edwardsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, Yersinia and Erwinia.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1979

Ethnic diversity in Punjab as based on finger dermatoglyphics.

Four ethnic groups of Punjab having same dialect viz. Khatris, Jats, Brahmins and Muslims were taken to see ethnic differences in regards to the distribution of whorls, loops, and arches of finger dermatoglyphics. The results show that there is a great diversity in the four groups for these parameters. These groups were compared with similar ethnic groups of other places having different dialect. The results reveal that there seems to be ethnic affinity between the group known by same name and which is true for all the four groups.

Anthropology, Physical↗