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Biomedical subjects

U Braun

Publications and source records attributed to U Braun.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Distribution of lysozyme in synovial tissue of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated by different enzyme histochemical methods.

Lysozyme-producing cells were analysed by enzyme histochemistry in paraffin sections of synovial tissue of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). For lysozyme detection three enzyme histochemical systems - peroxidase-anti-peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and biotin-avidin - were used in parallel experiments. Lysozyme was found to be produced by polymorphonuclear cells, mononuclear phagocytes and part of synovial lining cells. All types of lysozyme-producing cells were increased in RA compared with OA. Subgrouping of RA synovitis according to histomorphological criteria allowed the demonstration of an inverse relationship between the number of lysozyme-producing cells and the grade of proliferation of fibroblasts, called mesenchymoid transformation by Fassbender [19]. The different methods of lysozyme detection differed in specificity and sensitivity. The immunoenzymatic staining of lysozyme allows specific and quantitative evaluation of phagocytizing cells in RA and OA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

[A method for the determination of O2-uptake and CO2-elimination from the respiratory gases in mechanically ventilated patients (author's transl)].

A method for the assessment of O2-uptake and CO2-elimination from respiratory gases in mechanically ventilated patients is presented, the Beckman metabolic measurement cart. It was designed for exercise measurements. In patients under respirator treatment, there are problems resulting from the pressure sensitivity of the polarographic O2-electrode. Correct measurements of O2-uptake is possible if an inspired O2-concentration of 50 per cent is not exceeded.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1982

[Whole body oxygen uptake in coronary artery bypass surgery (author's transl)].

In 10 patients who underwent aorto-coronary bypass operations haemodynamic parameters and whole body oxygen uptake were monitored, beginning after induction of anaesthesia, during extracorporeal circulation and the postoperative period up to 5 h. In the intensive care unit a new device for the continuous measurement of whole body oxygen uptake from expired gases was used. For anaesthesia constant doses of fentanyl (10 micrograms/kg/h) and nitrous oxide were given. These were supplemented by low concentrations of halothane and nitroglycerine if hypertension occurred. Before extracorporeal circulation hypertensive states were observed in 8 cases and were effectively controlled without compromising tissue oxygenation. During extracorporeal circulation oxygen consumption was reduced more than could be explained only by the effects of hypothermia, indicating a limited shock state. Within the first postoperative hour the total peripheral resistance increased more than during the whole operation, impairing cardiac function at low levels of oxygen uptake. Thereafter a rise in metabolism was seen, partially induced by shivering which led to a marked (235% of control) increase in whole body oxygen uptake. This was accompanied by a reduction of the total peripheral resistance and an improvement of cardiac function. No acidosis was observed. Artificial ventilation is mandatory until metabolic demands have normalized. Noninvasive continuous monitoring of whole body oxygen uptake was useful for the assessment of cardiovascular function, increased postoperative metabolic demands, early detection of hypovolaemia and weaning from artificial ventilation.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1981

Synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and cell proliferation in regenerating livers of NMRI mice after partial hepatectomy. An immunohistochemical and autoradiographic study with 3H-thymidine.

To get more information concerning the relation between cell proliferation and the synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver regeneration and AFP production was followed simultaneously in short intervals in NMRI mice after two-thirds hepatectomy using autoradiographic and immunohistochemical methods. The results indicate that AFP synthesis is not linked closely to cell proliferation in the sense that each proliferating hepatocyte synthesizes AFP during a definite phase of the cell cycle. However, AFP production, as measured by the index of anti-AFP positive hepatocytes, occurs in a very small population of parenchymal cells when the bulk of the hepatocytes has just passed the S-phase and is considered to be in the G2-, M or early G1-phase of the cell cycle when the cells are still in an undifferentiate state.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Lung function after thoracic trauma. A contribution to the assessment of late functional lesions (author's transl)].

Respiratory function was investigated in 32 patients not later then 5 years after thoracic trauma. Forced expiration curves (volume/time and flow/volume mode) and nitrogen washout methods (single breath, multiple breath) were used including blood gas analyzes and thorax-X-rays. The typical effect of chest injury is mild to moderate restriction, which was found in 72% of the patients. Usually all volumes (FVC, FRC, TC) are reduced. 5 patients had slight to moderate obstruction, which we do not consider to be immediate consequence of trauma. 12 patients had signs of ventilatory maldistribution, which can be explained by reduced FRC in more or less all cases and obstruction in the above mentioned 5 patients. Observation of two cases leads us to conclude that chest injury may initiate development of chronic respiratory disease and that such a disease may be aggravated by thoracic injury. Motivation, young age, quality of rehabilitation, dorsal location of fractured ribs may help to improve the pulmonary status of the patient, existing or developing chronic lung disease, smoking, old age, lateral localisation of fractured ribs with dislocation will hinder improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Determination of pulmonary diffusing capacity during artificial ventilation (author's transl)].

Pulmonary diffusing capacity may be determined by rebreathing techniques using various test gases. The errors caused by functional inhomogenities are smaller with the rebreathing method than those found in the single-breath technique. However, until now there have been some disadvantages to the clinical application of the rebreathing technique. In the present paper, a modification of the rebreathing technique suggested by Piiper, Scheid, Meyer and Adaro (1975 and 1976), in which pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, DCO(RB), is measured, has been applied to intubated and anesthetised patients. Measurements were performed in 39 surgical patients with healthy lungs during artificial ventilation and narcosis. Under these conditions all patients had a DCO(RB) greater than or equal to 75 ml/min . kPa (10 ml/min.torr). The coefficient of variation for duplicate measurements was +/- 4.2%. In the same patients DCO-single-breath-measurements, DCO(SB), were also made. There was a significant (p less than 0.0001) correlation between DCO(RB) in artificially ventilated, anaesthetised patients in a supine position and DCO(SB) for spontaneously breathing, awake patients in a sitting position. A linear regression analysis of the data showed the DCO(SB) was related to DCO(RB) in the following manner: DCO(SB) = 1.62DCO(RB) = 4.44 (ml/min.torr) (r = 0.71, n = 39). The mean value of DCO(RB) was 53.4% of the mean value of DCO(SB). This difference may be due to the combination of different techniques used and different conditions during the measurements (reduced FRC, difference in F1O2 etc.). The histogramm of the distribution of DCO(RB) had a similar form to that of DCO(SB). The modified method has a high reproducibility and can easily be performed as a bed-side test without disturbance to patients with an endotracheal tube.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Changes in blood-brain permeability resulting from D-amphetamine, 6-hydroxydopamine and pimozide measured by a new technique.

A new technique is described for measurement of diffusion across the blood-brain barrier using intraventricularly administered 68Ga-EDTA, and determining loss from the brain with a scintillation camera. Repeated injections via permanent cannulas showed that the diffusion half-time was reduced to 50% of control values after intraventricular d-amphetamine and 6-hydroxydopamine; pimozide had no effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Centrally active N-substituted analogs of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine).

The known central nervous system activity of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine and its N-methyl homolog prompted the synthesis of a series of analogs with substituents on the nitrogen atom. Most of these analogs (R = alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, and alkoxyalkyl) were prepared by the reductive alkylation of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone with the appropriate amine and sodium cyanoborohydride. Hindered isomers were synthesized indirectly. Measurements of their pharmacological activity in several animal assays and in human subjects indicated that the central activity decreased with the increasing bulk of the N-substituent.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1980

[Research on the central activity and analgesia of N-substituted analogs of the amphetamine derivative 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine].

N-substituted analogs of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine (MDA) were tested ror analgesic potency and influence on motor activity in mice following potency and influence on motor activity in mice following oral administration. These compounds also were tested for thei psychotomimetic potency in man. Unsubstituted MDA and its monoalkyl-homologs with a low number of C-atoms (N-methyl-, N-methyl-, N-ethyl-MDA) showed both enhancement of motor-activity in mice and psychotomimetic effects in man. MDA and N-methyl-MDA also showed an analgesic effec wthich was enhanced by the inclusion of a weakly labis group (N-mallyl, N-hydroxyethyl). These latter two compounds, however, did not influence motor-activity, which makes them more recommendable as possible analgesic compounds. Structural parallels between these compounds, morphine, endorphins and enkephalins, may explain their similar spectrum of pharmacological effects.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
PubMed1980

[Duration of preoxygenation in patients with normal and impaired lung function (author's transl)].

We determined the time required for the O2-filling of the lung, which is important for reasons of preoxygenation prior to intubation during apnoea and apnoeic oxygenation. 97 patients were examined. A multiple breath nitrogen washout method, the Hewlett-Packard lung function analyser HP 47402 A, was used. Complete O2-saturation of the lung in three different groups of patients took a mean time of 2 min 55 s, 4 min 20 s and 7 min 17 s. The differences were attributed to varying qualities of ventilatory gas distribution. Total O2-filling of the lung is necessary for apnoeic oxygenation. After breathing air, there is a mean decrease of PaO2 from 97 to 54 mm of mercury in 2 min of apnoea. For purposes of intubation, a 90% O2-filling of the lung takes not more than 1 and a half minutes even in patients with seriously impaired lung function. The gain of apnoeic tolerance time is approximately 4 min.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Antithrombotic agents for the prevention of thromboses during infraclavicular vena cava catheterizaiton].

To study the suppressibility of thrombosis due to central venous catheter phlebographically, groups of 25 patients were given low-dose-heparin, dextran 70 or salicylate (initial application preoperatively). The catheter was inserted for 6 to 8 days. As a control group 25 patients received no antithrombotic medication whatsoever. Of these cases 35% showed evidence of thrombus formation. In comparison only the patients with salicylate showed a significant reduction of catheter-induced thrombosis by 67%. By comparing the heparin to the control group the total of thrombotic formations when planimetrically assessed results in a ration of 1:12, which is superior to dextran and salicylate.

Adolescent↗