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Biomedical subjects

T Tsuji

Publications and source records attributed to T Tsuji.

At least 991 records · Page 55Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Treatment of blow-out fracture.

Fifteen patients with blow-out fractures were treated in this series. Two patients were treated conservatively and the thirteen others were treated surgically with the transorbital approach. An infraorbital or medial orbital skin incision was made. The periosteum was dissected and entrapment of orbital fat tissue and muscle were resolved. The floor and/or medial wall were reinforced with tantalum mesh (Codman). The operative results were good in 12 patients and fair in one patient, who retained some diplopia. The tantalum mesh is easy to handle and strong enough to reinforce the orbital wall. It can be seen on plain skull film and makes little artifact on CT scan. This mesh is good material for repairing blow-out fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Purification and chemical characterization of human platelet membrane glycoprotein IV.

Human platelet membrane glycoprotein IV (GPIV), one of the major glycoprotein components, was purified by successive affinity chromatographies on columns of Lens culinaris agglutinin-Sepharose and wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose followed by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in either the presence or absence of dithiothreitol, GPIV gave a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 97,000, suggesting that GPIV is composed of a single polypeptide chain without interchain disulfide bonds. Compositional analysis showed that GPIV contains large amounts of acidic and hydroxy amino acids, but only very small amounts of cystine and methionine, and 28.1% (w/w) carbohydrate consisting of galactose, glucosamine, and sialic acid as the principal sugars with smaller amounts of fucose, mannose, and galactosamine. This suggested that GPIV contains both N-linked and O-linked sugar chains. The O-linked sugar chains isolated from GPIV, together with those from GPIb and glycocalicin, were comparatively analyzed on a Bio-Gel P-4 column after neuraminidase treatment. The results indicated that all three glycoproteins have two common species of carbohydrate chains, a disaccharide, Gal-GalNAc, and a tetrasaccharide, Gal-GlcNAc-(Gal-)GalNAc. The ratio of the tetrasaccharide to the disaccharide in GPIV was found to be somewhat different from that in GPIb or glycocalicin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Structures of the carbohydrate chains of membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa of human platelets.

Human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb (GPIIb) and IIIa (GPIIIa), which have been proposed to be subunits of a receptor for fibrinogen, were purified from Triton X-100-solubilized platelet membranes by affinity chromatography on a concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose column followed by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Compositional analyses of the purified glycoproteins showed that GPIIb and GPIIIa contain 15% and 18% carbohydrate by weight, respectively, which consists of galactose, mannose, glucosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. This suggested that these glycoproteins contained N-linked carbohydrate chains. The carbohydrate chains were released from each glycoprotein by hydrazinolysis and then fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography on a Mono Q column. From each glycoprotein, mono-, di-, and trisialylated and neutral oligosaccharide fractions were obtained. The structures of these oligosaccharides were investigated by means of compositional and methylation analyses and digestion by exoglycosidase, and their reactivities to immobilized lectins were also examined. The neutral oligosaccharides, which comprised about 14% of the total oligosaccharides released from GPIIb and about 52% of that from GPIIIa, were found to be of the high mannose-type, in that they contained 5 or 6 mannose residues. On the other hand, a major part of the acidic oligosaccharides was found to consist of typical bi- and triantennary complex-type sugar chains, and much smaller amounts of tetraantennary complex-type sugar chains, and complex-type sugar chains with a fucosyl residue at a N-acetylglucosamine residue in the peripheral portion or a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine at a beta-mannosyl residue in the core portion were also detected. In conclusion, we found that GPIIb contained mainly complex-type sugar chains, whereas high mannose-type sugar chains were the predominant carbohydrate units in GPIIIa, and that the detected differences in the carbohydrate moieties of GPIIb and GPIIIa were quantitative but not qualitative.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1986

Purification and properties of nitrate reductase from Mitsuokella multiacidus.

Nitrate reductase of Mitsuokella multiacidus (formerly Bacteroides multiacidus) was solublized from the membrane fraction with 1% sodium deoxycholate and purified 40-fold by immunoaffinity chromatography on the antibody-Affi-Gel 10 column. The preparation showed a major band (86% of total protein) with enzyme activity and a minor band on polyacrylamide gel after disc electrophoresis in the presence of 0.1% Triton X-100. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gave a major band, the relative mobility of which corresponded to a molecular weight of 160,000, and two minor bands. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 160,000 by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-1.5 m in the presence of 0.1% deoxycholate. Molybdenum cofactor was detected in the enzyme by fluorescence spectroscopy and by complementation of nitrate reductase from the nit-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa. The M. multiacidus enzyme catalyzed reduction of nitrate, chlorate, and bromate using methyl viologen as an electron donor. The maximal activity was found at pH 6.2-7.5 for nitrate reduction. Either methyl or benzyl viologen served well as the electron donor, but FAD, FMN, and horse heart cytochrome c were not effective. Ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum supplied electron to the nitrate reductase. The purified enzyme had Km values of 0.13 mM, 0.12 mM, and 0.22 mM for nitrate, methyl viologen, and ferredoxin, respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by cyanide (85% at 1 mM), azide (88% at 0.1 mM), and thiocyanate (75% at 10 mM).

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1986

Light and scanning electron microscopic studies on wrinkles in aged persons' skin.

Wrinkles in six aged persons (67-82 years of age) have been investigated by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There are two types of wrinkles. One is a deep wrinkle which develops on the sun-exposed skin and does not disappear on stretching (permanent wrinkle). The LM and SEM showed less elastotic change in the upper dermis in the area of wrinkle than in that of the surroundings. The other type is a shallow wrinkle which develops on sun-protected skin and disappears on stretching (temporary wrinkle). The LM and SEM showed the decrease or loss of the elastic fibres in the papillary dermis as seen in ageing skin.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Vascular responses to intraluminal acetylcholine in isolated, perfused canine and simian basilar arteries.

ACh usually induced biphasic vascular responses, i.e. an initial vasodilation followed by a secondary constriction, in isolated and perfused basilar arteries from the dog. In dog vessels the vasoconstriction induced by ACh was not modified by treatment with phentolamine, at dose levels which suppressed noradrenaline-induced constriction, but was completely blocked by atropine. The dilation to ACh was also blocked by atropine. Physostigmine caused a potentiation of both ACh-induced dilator and constrictor responses. In dogs, ACh-induced constrictor responses were markedly potentiated, and the vasodilatation was slightly but insignificantly enhanced after treatment with intraluminal saponin which removed the endothelia of the arteries. In basilar arteries from monkeys, ACh usually induced a monophasic vasoconstriction in non-treated preparations. In monkey vessels, ACh-induced vasoconstriction was markedly potentiated and frequently vasodilatation appeared after intraluminal saponin treatment. From these results, it is concluded that ACh has primary vasoconstrictor and vasodilator properties in canine and simian cerebral basilar arteries.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1986

Marfan syndrome: demonstration of abnormal elastic fibers in skin.

The back skin of a 15-year-old girl with Marfan syndrome has been investigated using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The SEM showed that admixed with normal-looking portions, there were abnormal portions of the elastic fibers which were composed of many unusual fine fibers (5-22 nm in diameter), and had a cobweb-like appearance. The TEM showed that these fine fibers were substructures of the amorphous material and were surrounded by microfibrils. It is suggested that the fine fibers could be abnormal elastic fibers resulting from the incomplete fusion of the elastic units.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of atenolol on MAO activities in SHR].

The effects of atenolol on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in the heart, liver, kidney and mesenteric artery in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were studied. Male SHR (5-weeks-old) were given 20 and 100 mg/kg/day of atenolol by gavage for 10 weeks. The MAO activities were determined once every 2 weeks. Atenolol produced a hypotensive effect and bradycardia in SHR. The heart weight/body weight ratio in SHR was suppressed from 4 weeks of atenolol treatment. Though atenolol induced MAO activities in the 2 weeks treated heart and 4-6 weeks treated liver, it inhibited the increase of MAO activities in all prepared organs after 10 weeks treatment. The MAO activities of the heart were more markedly inhibited than in the other organs by the treatment of atenolol. Atenolol did not lower the Km value, but reduced significantly the Vmax value of the 10 weeks treated heart MAO. Atenolol had no effect on the MAO activities in vitro. These results suggest that the changes of the MAO activities in the organs of SHR by the treatment of atenolol may be relative to the hypotensive and bradycardic effects of the cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Differential effects of 5-fluorouracil on human skin melanocytes and malignant melanoma cells in vitro.

We have observed differential effects of the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on human skin melanocytes and malignant melanoma cells in vitro. In the absence of 5-FU the melanoma cells multiplied much more rapidly than the melanocytes. With a 7-day exposure of 5-FU (1.92 X 10(-5) to 3.84 X 10(-4) M) all the melanoma cells died by 5 W, while even two times longer exposure (a 14-day exposure) of 5-FU the melanocytes survived till 6 W and increased at the lower concentration. In the presence of 5-FU there was a different compensatory increase in [3H] thymidine incorporation between the two cell types. That is, compared with the large increase observed in the incorporation by the melanoma cells, a small increase in the incorporation by the melanocytes was observed. The reason for these differential effects of 5-FU may be the difference in the cell cycle and the post-injury cell renewal of the two cell types.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1986

Recognition of serum alkaline phosphatase by murine monoclonal antibodies against human osteosarcoma cells.

Using OST6 and OST7 monoclonal antibodies against human osteosarcoma cells, a solid-phase radioimmunosandwich assay was developed to quantitate a human osterosarcoma-associated antigen in a total of 242 sera from healthy adults and patients with various diseases. The levels of the antigen in sera were high in patients with osteosarcoma and in children without tumorous diseases compared with healthy adults; however, the highest level of the antigen was found in patients with obstructive jaundice. The quantity of the antigen correlated with serum alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.) activity, and showed a strong correlation (correlation coefficient, 0.94) in 50 sera. Immunolocalization of enzyme activity assay using monoclonal antibodies was performed to ascertain whether the antigen had alkaline phosphatase activity. This assay proved that OST6, OST7, and OST15 monoclonal antibodies recognized serum alkaline phosphatase; furthermore, these monoclonal antibodies seemed to react with not only the bone isoenzyme but also the liver isoenzyme.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗