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Biomedical subjects

T Tashiro

Publications and source records attributed to T Tashiro.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Clinical investigation of neuron-specific enolase, squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in carcinoma of the lung].

Serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma-related antigen (SCC antigen) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in 53 untreated patients with carcinoma of the lung. The positive rates of serum NSE were 17.0% in all patients with lung cancer, 53.8% in small cell carcinoma, 6.7% in adenocarcinoma, 5.0% in squamous cell carcinoma and 0% in large cell carcinoma; 0% in stage I, 14.3% in stage III and 26.7% in stage IV. The positive rates of serum SCC antigen were 45.3% overall, 70.0% in squamous cell carcinoma, 40.0% in adenocarcinoma, 23.1% in small cell carcinoma and 0% in large cell carcinoma; 42.9% in stage I, 57.1% in stage III and 46.7% in stage IV. In comparison with serum CEA, serum NSE and SCC antigen were much more specific in small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Moreover, serum levels of NSE and SCC antigen changed in parallel with the clinical course during the treatments. In conclusion, serum NSE and SCC antigen were considered to be very useful markers of lung cancer, especially of small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of response rates to various antitumor agents of human gastric tumors implanted in nude mouse.

To ascertain the clinical predictability and, in the long run, the usefulness of the human tumor/nude mouse model as a screening tool for antitumor agents, it seems particularly important to use as many tumor lines as possible and to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of antitumor agents in terms of the overall response rate of a range of tumors. In this study, using 11 strains of established human gastric tumor xenografts with various histological characteristics and proliferation behavior, the experimental response rates to 8 typical antitumor drugs (mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, ACNU, cisplatin, adriamycin, vincristine, vinblastine and 5-fluorouracil) were determined and compared with the clinical values. The experimental response rates to adriamycin, vincristine and 5-fluorouracil were in good accordance with the clinical results. However, with the other drugs, significantly higher response rates were observed with the nude mouse model as compared to clinical therapy, indicating that this model tends to overestimate the responsiveness of human tumor to a number of antitumor agents. These results strongly suggest the importance of using appropriate dose levels in the nude mouse to reproduce clinically equivalent effects in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Synthesis and antitumor activity of tropolone derivatives. 2.

Structural requirement for antitumor activity of tropolone derivatives 2-4 was explored. Isochroman derivatives (6-17, 20, and 23) and alpha, alpha-disubstituted compounds 26-30 were synthesized and their antitumor activities were tested. These nontroponoid derivatives were all inactive, implying that a tropolone ring is essential for the activity. Several compounds related to the monotropolone analogue 3 were synthesized. Among them, 31-33 showed significant activity, but their potencies were considerably weaker than those of binary tropolone analogues 4.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lung cancer complicated by silicosis: a clinical and histopathological study.

A clinicopathological analysis was carried out on 16 cases of lung cancer complicated by silicosis, which were diagnosed from April 1975 to March 1983, and the results were discussed with a review of the literature. All of the patients were male, and a smoking habit with a Brinkman index of more than 500 was found in 14 of them (87.5%). Twelve cases (75.0%) had advanced tumors of clinical stages III and IV, suggesting that the early detection of lung cancer complicated by silicosis is difficult. Tumors were uniformly found in all lobes of the lung. Histological types were mainly epidermoid or undifferentiated carcinoma, with very few adenocarcinomas. Carcinogens from smoking seemed to be responsible for the carcinogenesis. Two cases were thought to be scar carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Regional cerebral blood flow in cerebrovascular disease studied using N-isopropyl-p-(123I) iodoamphetamine].

Twenty-one patients with cerebrovascular disease (5 with hemorrhage, 10 with infarction, 2 with TIA, 4 with motor disturbance of unknown cause) were studied using N-isopropyl-p-(123I)iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) and single photon emission CT. In 3 of 5 cases with cerebral hemorrhage, perfusion defects were shown in and around the region of hematomas, furthermore, one of the cases with internal capsular hematoma, the perfusion defect extended to the cortical area corresponding to the neurological pathway. In one case with MCA infarction, the perfusion defect was greater and clearer than the low density area on X-ray computed tomography (CT). These results revealed the 123I-IMP study provides physiological information in contrast with X-ray CT which provides anatomical information. In 3 of 9 cases with multiple small deep hemispheric infarctions on X-ray CT, the perfusion to the basal ganglia was suspected to be decreased on 123I-IMP images. However, this visual findings was not definitive and, in fact, the diseased side was not always consistent with the clinical findings. For quantitative analysis, symmetrical regions of interest (ROIs) were constructed both basal ganglia and the ratio of average counts over the ROI to those over the whole slice was calculated. In the small infarction group, the mean +/- S.D. of the values was 0.89 +/- 0.09 in right and 0.89 +/- 0.08 in left. Although the values were not significantly different from those of normal subjects (0.99 +/- 0.02 in right, 0.97 +/- 0.03 in left), they distributed in the range less than normal in 5 of 9 cases. This method was thought to be useful and practical to evaluate the cerebral blood flow in basal ganglia of patients with deep hemispheric infarction.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1985

[Whole body protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before and after recovery from surgical stress].

This study was conducted to clarify the mechanisms underlying the loss of body nitrogen after trauma. Six patients who underwent abdominal surgery and six for control were studied. The measurement of whole body protein turnover was made on the third and tenth postoperative day during TPN with constant infusion of [15N] glycine according to Picou and Taylor-Roberts. The measurement was also made on six control patients during TPN in non-stressed state. The rates of whole body protein turnover (Q), synthesis (S) and breakdown (B) were calculated from the plateau 15N enrichment of urinary total N, which was analyzed with a mass spectrometer. The values were compared with control and the changes in the individual patients were examined by a paired t-test. Immediately after operation, Q and B were significantly elevated (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively), and reduced with the improvement of N-balance after recovery from stress by 0.95 +/- 0.21 and 0.61 +/- 0.13 g X protein/kg X day, respectively. The changes in Q and B were statistically significant (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.005, respectively). Whereas, no tendency of alteration in S was found throughout the study. It is concluded that protein turnover rate increases in surgical stress, and that the increased protein catabolism rather than the alteration in synthesis could account for the postoperative nitrogen losses.

Adult↗