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Biomedical subjects

T Tanino

Publications and source records attributed to T Tanino.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

In-vitro and in-vivo activities of antimicrobial agents against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

The virulence of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus was studied in mice, and in-vitro and in-vivo activities of several antimicrobial agents were evaluated. In in-vitro susceptibility testings, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and peptide were highly sensitive, and minocycline and doxycycline were the most active of 21 antibiotics tested against 84 clinical isolates of Acin. calcoaceticus. Virulence tests for mice revealed that some strains exhibited high virulence with LD50 values between 10(3) and 10(4) viable cells/mouse. Against lethal and urinary tract infections produced by Acin. calcoaceticus Ac-54 strain in mice, minocycline, doxycycline, gentamicin, and dibekacin, which were highly active in vitro, were effective.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1985

The therapeutic efficacy of AC-1370 against experimental infections in mice.

The therapeutic efficacy of AC-1370, a new cephalosporin, was compared with that of cefoperazone in experimental infections in mice. For intraperitoneal infections caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the efficacy of AC-1370 was inferior to that of cefoperazone. On the other hand, AC-1370 was more potent than cefoperazone against pseudomonal infections. The MICs of AC-1370 against the test strains, however, were inferior or equivalent to those of cefoperazone. Serum and peritoneal exudate levels of AC-1370 in infected mice were more durable than those of cefoperazone. The relationship between AC-1370 and neutrophils was investigated. The efficacy of AC-1370 was more dependent on neutrophils than that of cefoperazone. AC-1370 did not enhance the neutrophil functions of migration and phagocytosis to any significant extent.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Objective evaluation of binocular function with pattern reversal VER. I. Effect of contrast.

The effect of change of contrast on the pattern reversal monocular VER, binocular VER, and binocular summation (binocular VER amplitude/monocular VER amplitude) was studied in normal subjects. The monocular VER amplitudes showed significant increase until the 0.50 contrast and saturation above that contrast. The largest binocular VER amplitude was observed at 0.20 contrast, and the amplitude tended to decrease with increasing contrast. The value of the binocular summation was highest at 0.20 contrast and decreased significantly with increasing contrast. At high contrast, there was no significant binocular summation. The difference of peak time (phase) between the binocular and the monocular VER was greatest at low contrast and decreased with increasing contrast. These results are explained by the difference of saturation level between the binocular and monocular systems. Our findings lead us to advocate strongly the use of low- to midlevel contrast for evaluating binocular function with pattern reversal VER in clinical ophthalmology.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Therapeutic efficacy of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics on experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae B-54 in diabetic mice.

The therapeutic efficacy of six beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics were compared in diabetic mice with experimentally induced Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. beta-Lactams caused a reduction in the numbers of bacteria, with clearance of bacteria from the lungs of diabetic and normal mice. The effect in diabetic mice, however, was very poor. In contrast thereto, no remarkable difference was seen between diabetic and normal mice when treated with aminoglycosides. The concentration of the test antibiotics to the lungs in diabetic mice was lower than in normal mice. The aminoglycosides were more effective than the beta-lactams. These data suggest that in treating acute and more chronic forms of pulmonary infection caused by K. pneumoniae in diabetic mice aminoglycoside antibiotics are particularly valuable, whereas beta-lactams must be given in large quantities using multiple administrations.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1985

Suppression and abrogation of suppression of induced nonspecific cytotoxicity against tumor cells.

Fresh spleen cells obtained from normal mice of various strains including athymic mice and NK-less beige mice were found to suppress in a H-2-nonrestricted manner nonspecific cytotoxic activity of in vitro-cultured normal mouse spleen cells or that of nonadherent peritoneal exudate cells from mice treated with Propionibacterium acnes. Natural killer-insensitive MM2 ascites tumor cells were used as the target of assay of the cytotoxicity. The suppressive activity of fresh spleen cells was not affected by elimination of glass-adherent cells and of Thy-1.2-positive cells but partly decreased after removal of Sephadex G-10- or nylon wool-adherent cells. The suppressive activity of the cells seemed to be mediated, at less partly, by a soluble factor (or factors) which was released by fresh spleen cells into medium during short term culturing. The suppressive factor was a heat-resistant, dialyzable material which was stable at wide range of pH. Cells did not produce the factor at low temperature and its production was insensitive to indomethacin. Long term culture supernatant of spleen cells contained the suppressive factor and a relatively unstable high molecular weight substance which abrogated its activity. The characteristics of the cells which produced such desuppressive factor seemed to be identical to those of the induced cytotoxic effector cells. Kinetical analyses indicated that these two factors influenced, directly or indirectly, cytolytic activity of the effector cells without changing binding affinity between the effector and the target.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1985

Suppression of natural cytotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice and inhibition of the suppression by D-mannose.

Natural cytotoxic activity of spleen cells from normal and tumor-bearing BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice was assayed using Meth A, MH136 and MM2 ascites tumor cells as the target by 51Cr-release during 18 h incubation. The cytolytic activity of the cells from tumor-bearers, especially in the early stage of tumor progression, was considerably lower than that of cells from normal controls. When Meth A and MH134 target cells were used, it was found that such change was not due to decrease of effectors but was caused by increase of activity of cells suppressive to the lytic reaction. The suppressive cells were recovered in nylon wool-adherent fraction of the spleen cells. The suppression was mediated, at least partly, by a very stable soluble factor. The suppression by the cell and that by the factor were both inhibited by addition of D-mannose. When MM2 was used as the target, such inhibition of the suppressive activity by D-mannose was not observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Therapeutic efficacies of suppository of ceftizoxime against experimental infections in mice].

In experimental infections in mice, the therapeutic efficacies of rectal administration of ceftizoxime (CZX) were compared with those of subcutaneous administration. The efficacies of rectal administration were equivalent to those of subcutaneous administration against intraperitoneal infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii and Serratia marcescens, the efficacies of rectal administration were inferior to those of subcutaneous administration. Against urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, the efficacies of rectal administration were slightly inferior to those of subcutaneous administration. Serum concentrations of CZX for rectal administration were less than those of subcutaneous administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome: electrophysical and psychophysical findings.

Four cases of Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome were studied through electrophysiological and psychophysical examinations, and findings were correlated with those of fluorescein angiography. In all cases the macula showed degenerative changes, including a bull's eye appearance. The fundus periphery could be devoid of clumps of pigmentation, but all cases showed profound functional abnormalities that affected the macula and the periphery, impairing both the cone and rod systems equally. Bull's eye macula associated with severe, diffuse functional abnormality of the macula and peripheral retina, along with obesity and mental retardation, help establish the diagnosis of Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Therapeutic effect of cefotetan in an experimental local infection with facultative and obligate anaerobes in granuloma pouches in rats.

The therapeutic activities of cefotetan against experimentally induced infections with Escherichia coli. Serratia marcescens, Bacteroides fragilis or Fusobacterium mortiferum in the granuloma pouches of rats were compared with those of cefmetazole and cefazolin. Of these antibiotics, cefotetan showed the greatest therapeutic effect against the four bacterial infections after a single intramuscular administration. Cefotetan was found to give much higher pouch exudate concentrations than cefmetazole, and to show prolonged antibacterial levels even when compared with cefazolin. In the granuloma pouch, cefotetan produced similar morphological changes in the cells of E. coli NY-17 as have been observed in vitro by microscopy. Elongation and bulge formation were noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Studies on the combination action of sisomicin, gentamicin and piperacillin, cefmetazole against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens].

The combined actions of sisomicin (SISO), gentamicin (GM) and piperacillin (PIPC), cefmetazole (CMZ) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa E-2 and Serratia marcescens T-55 were studied. The following results were obtained. 1. The combinations of SISO-PIPC, SISO-CMZ, GM-PIPC and GM-CMZ using the checker board dilution method on P. aeruginosa E-2 and S. marcescens T-55 were found to have a synergistic effect and the minimum FIC index values were 0.38 in all combinations. 2. With the killing kinetic method, all combinations tested showed a synergistic effect. 3. A synergistic effect of the combinations of SISO-PIPC, SISO-CMZ, GM-PIPC and GM-CMZ was observed in the protective effect on experimental P. aeruginosa E-2 and S. marcescens T-55 infections in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Antibacterial action of cefoperazone and piperacillin against Escherichia coli].

A study of the antibacterial action of cefoperazone (CPZ) and piperacillin (PIPC) against E. coli demonstrated clear differences between these 2 drugs. CPZ showed higher bactericidal and lytic activity which was dose dependent and not greatly influenced by inoculum size. In contrast, the activity of PIPC was strongly influenced by inoculum size and showed high bactericidal activity only against a low inoculum size. The activity of CPZ was not related to the pH of the culture medium, whereas PIPC showed increased activity in an acid medium. In a study of the drug sensitive phase of a synchronous culture, CPZ was highly effective during the period of cell division showing strong bactericidal activity at that time. The bactericidal action of CPZ was inhibited by the addition of chloramphenicol. In contrast, PIPC which by itself demonstrated only weak bactericidal activity was not effective during the period of cell division. Although CPZ and PIPC both activate autolysin activity, CPZ was more active in this regard.

Cefoperazone↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical studies of cefotiam in otorhinolaryngologic infections].

Cefotiam (CTM) was intravenously or intramuscularly given to 14 patients with infections in the field of otorhinolaryngology including 5 cases with chronic suppurative otitis media. Daily doses of CTM were 1 to 3 g and its administration period was 3 to 10 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 1 patient, good in 8, fair in 2 and poor in 3, the rate of satisfactory clinical responses (excellent and good) being 64.3% (9/14). Staphylococci were most frequently isolated from the clinical materials. As for side effects, elevation of GOT and GPT was observed in 1 patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Combination action of sisomicin, dibekacin and cefotetan, cefotaxime, latamoxef, and cefsulodin against Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

The combined actions of sisomicin (SISO), dibekacin (DKB) and cefotetan (CTT), cefotaxime (CTX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefsulodin (CFS) against E coli KC-14, S. marcescens T-55 and P. aeruginosa E-2 were studied. The following results were obtained. The combination of SISO-CTT, SISO-CTX, SISO-LMOX, SISO-CFS, DKB-CTT, DKB-CTX, DKB-LMOX and DKB-CFS using the checker board dilution method on E. coli KC-14, S. marcescens T-55, P. aeruginosa E-2 were found to have a synergistic effect and the minimum FIC index values were 0.26--0.50 for SISO and 0.28--0.75 for DKB, respectively. With the killing kinetic method, all combinations tested showed a synergistic effect.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Central pigmentary retinal dystrophy and its angiographic classification.

Twenty-one cases of central pigmentary retinal dystrophy were compiled and their clinical features were described. On the basis of fluorescein fundus angiography, these cases were classified into three types according to the changes in the choriocapillaris. In Type 1, the choriocapillaris showed annular or bow-shaped atrophy around the vascular arcade in the posterior pole of the fundus, but little change in the foveal region. Type 2 exhibited round or irregularly shaped atrophy of the choriocapillaris in the center of the posterior pole of the fundus. Type 3 had no atrophy of the choriocapillaris and showed only hyperfluorescence in the posterior pole of the fundus, due to damage of the retinal pigment epithelium. These types differed from each other not only from the morphological point of view, but also in other clinical findings that included age of onset, progression of visual impairment, pattern of color vision defects or recordability of the electroretinogram. It was discussed that central pigmentary retinal dystrophy consists of heterogenous conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Combined action of cephamycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics].

The combined actions of cefoxitin (CFX) with amikacin (AMK), gentamicin (GM) and dibekacin (DKB) were studied against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The following results were obtained. The synergistic actions of CFX with AMK, GM and DKB were observed on S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, Proteus spp. and Acinetobacter by checker board titration method. The combination of CFX with AMK was most effective. In case of the combination of CFX with AMK, the simultaneous administration showed the highest bactericidal effect, followed by the case of addition of AMK after adding CFX. The phase-contrast microscopic observation on S. marcescens revealed that the bacterial cell prolonged with CFX showed a filament-like form and with AMK almost a normal form. In the combination, lysed cells were observed. The therapeutic experiment of S. marcescens infection in mice demonstrated that the combination of CFX with AMK showed superior effect than that of each drug alone.

Amikacin↗