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Biomedical subjects

T Tanino

Publications and source records attributed to T Tanino.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Bacteriological evaluation of netilmicin].

The following results were obtained from the bacteriological evaluations of netilmicin (NTL), a newly developed antibiotic agent, with gentamicin (GM), dibekacin (DKB) and amikacin (AMK) as the controls. (1) NTL demonstrated broad antibacterial spectra against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but its antibacterial potency against streptococci was not very strong among other Gram-positive bacteria. (2) In terms of distribution of sensitivity of clinically isolated bacterial strains, NTL proved to have antibacterial potency comparable to that of GM and higher potency than that of DKB of AMK against E. coli K. pneumonia, Enterobacter sp., or H. influenzae. However, its efficacy was inferior to GM against Proteus sp., S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa. (3) In conjunction with the influences of pH of culture media or of addition of horse sera upon the antibacterial efficacy, NTL showed an inclination similar to that of GM, DKB and AKM. Its antibacterial efficacy was fortified on the alkaline side or by addition of sera. In connection with the influences of the amounts of inoculated bacteria upon antibacterial efficacy, there were hardly any appreciable influences on it by any of the tested bacterial strains. (4) The interactions of NTL with carbenicillin were evaluated with the chequerboard titration method to find remarkable cooperative actions in any of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa. (5) The results of evaluation on the patterns of its antibacterial effects revealed that it acted bactericidal in any tested bacterial strains. (6) As to the therapeutic effects against experimental infections in mice, it was found out that NTL = GM greater than DKB and AMK against E. coli, GM greater than NTL = DKB and AMK against K. pneumoniae and GM and DKB greater than NTL greater than or equal to AMK against A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa in the decreasing order of efficacy.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1982

The early receptor potential in the human eye. III. ERP in dichromats.

The human early receptor potential (ERP) was studied in 42 dichromats, 13 cases of protanopia and 29 cases of deuteranopia, and the results were compared with those in 28 normal subjects. The amplitudes of the R2 wave of the ERP in the protanopia as well as the deuteranopia cases were significantly smaller than that of the normal subjects. The sensitivity of the R2 wave of the ERP in the dichromats was higher than that of the normal subjects. Possibilities are discussed that dichromats have fewer cones or that they have lower pigment density in individual cones than normal subjects.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1982

Color vision defects in pigmentary retinal dystrophy.

Color vision was studied, using the Farnsworth Panel D-15 test, in 72 patients (115 eyes) with primary pigmentary retina dystrophy of autosomal recessive inheritance, and the results were correlated with the visual acuity and visual field. The incidence of color vision defects and the degree of disturbance increased as the visual acuity and the visual field deteriorated. However, even in cases with the visual acuity better than 0.7, type III acquired blue-yellow defect was found in 22% of the cases. This type of color vision defect was also found in 52% of the cases with the visual acuity between 0.4 and 0.6. In the group with the visual acuity of 0.1 or less, total achromatopsia was found in 64% of the cases. The increment thresholds of the blue and green cone mechanisms in the fovea were determined by the two-color threshold technique of Stiles in 12 patients with the visual acuity better than 0.8. The thresholds of the blue cone mechanism (pi 1) and of the green cone mechanism (pi 4) were found to be elevated over the normal values. The increases in the former and the latter thresholds were correlated linearly with the slope of the regression of 0.64. The increase in the threshold of the blue cone mechanism was more pronounced than that of the green cone mechanism. Due to the difference in the density of both cones in the fovea, this result does not necessarily support the hypothesis that the blue cone mechanism is affected preferentially more than the green cone mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on the combination action of ampicillin and dicloxacillin (author's transl].

The combination action of ampicillin and dicloxacillin was studied in vitro. The following conclusions were obtained. 1) When both ampicillin and dicloxacillin were employed, an increase in antibacterial activity was observed against beta-lactamase producing E. coli No. 106 (clinical isolated strain). 2) A synergistic action of ampicillin and dicloxacillin was proved by chequer board dilution method for E. coli No. 106. 3) A same synergistic action of ampicillin and dicloxacillin was also proved by the growth curve for E. coli No. 106. 4) Dicloxacillin showed an inhibition in degradation of ampicillin brought about by beta-lactamase extracted from E. coli No. 106. 5) When the organisms of E. coli No. 106 were exposed to the combination of ampicillin and dicloxacillin, spheroplast-like structure and lysis were observed by scanning electron microscope.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1982

Purification of cell line-specific transplantation antigens from mouse ascites tumor cells.

Tumor-specific transplantation antigens unique to each of MM2, MM46 and Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cells (cell line-specific antigens) were released from the cells into the medium during incubation in 0.12M saline at 37 degrees for 30 min. The released antigens were purified by identical procedures which consisted of ultracentrifugation, affinity chromatography using Sepharose 4B conjugated with Ricinus communis lectin, and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The recovery was about 700 micrograms (protein) from 100 g (wet weight) cells. The recovered materials induced specific immunity in C3H/He mice against transplantation of the corresponding tumor cells only when they were administered after treatment with the corresponding tumor-regressor C3H/He mouse serum. Single injection into the peritoneal cavity of 10 mcrograms of each of the pretreated materials inhibited transplantation of 5 x 10(3) corresponding tumor cells. Spleen cells from mice immunized by repeated injections of the pretreated antigen neutralized transplantability of the tumor cells. Specific humoral antibody was also detected. The specific antigens obtained from these cells were similar to each other with respect to sedimentation coefficient (16S), electrophoretic characteristics and xenogeneic antigenicity, and were free of beta-2 microglobulin, murine leukemia virus major structural proteins such as gp70 or p30 and murine mammary tumor virus proteins such as gp55 and p28.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Electrically evoked direct and consensual reflexes of the pupil.

In 10 men with their ages ranging from 18 to 31 years, one eye was stimulated with alternating current using a contact lens electrode. Pupil constrictions elicited in both eyes were recorded by binocular infrared videopupillography. The pupil reflex evoked was named the electrically evoked pupillary reflex (EEPR). The time courses of the direct and consensual EEPR were similar; no significant differences were found between both reflexes in the amplitude of pupil constriction, the latency time, constriction or redilatation times. The time courses of the electrically evoked reflexes closely resembled those of the pupillary light reflexes, confirming the existence of common neural pathways.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Nonspecific cytotoxic cells induced in vivo and their comparison to culture-induced cytotoxic cells.

Nonspecific cytotoxic cells in peritoneal exudate cells obtained from mice injected with P. acnes and other stimulants were characterized using MM2 ascites mammary carcinoma as target cells which were insensitive to lytic activity of natural killer cells and of activated macrophages. MM2-lytic activity was recovered in nonadherent cells after incubation on glass surface for 1 hr, although it was recovered only partly in nonadherent fraction after extensive adherence. The characteristics of the recovered cells was similar to those of culture-induced, nonspecific cytotoxic cells with respect to target selectivity, enhancement of the activity by serum from tumor-regressor mice, suppression of the activity by fresh spleen cells and adhesiveness to a Sephadex G-10 column. They were different from each other concerning adhesiveness to glass surface during extensive incubation and dependence on T cells for their activity. By newly devised effector competition technique, in which formaldehyde-inactivated effectors competed the activity of nontreated effectors, it was shown that the effectors induced in vivo by P. acnes and culture-induced effectors commonly recognized a target structure on MM2 cells. Possible classification of nonspecifically cytotoxic cells based on recognition structures on their surface is discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Non-H-2 restriction specificity of tumor-regressor mouse sera with regard to their activity to inhibit tumor cell transplantation.

Inhibitory effect of serum from MM2-regressor C3H/He mice on transplantation of nonspecifically transplantable MM2 cells to mice of various strains was studied. The serum strongly inhibited transplantation of the cells to C3H/He and closely related CBA mice but only weakly inhibited the transplantation to Balb/c, DBA, DDD, B10D2, B10BR, B10A and B10AKM mice. By similar studies using sera from MM2-regressor B10D2 and B10BR mice, it was confirmed that this type of restriction specificity regarding the transplantation-inhibition activity of the serum between the regressor mice and the mice which received inoculation of MM2 cells pretreated with the regressor serum was not related to genes of H-2 region. Likewise, MM2-specific cell surface substance treated with MM2-regressor C3H/He serum induced resistance in C3H/He against transplantation of MM2 cells, but the resistance induced by the same treatment in Balb/c, DBA, DDD, B10BR, B10A and B10AKM was relatively weak. It was speculated that non-immunoglobin factors in regressor sera which play a major role in transplantation resistance and their binding sites on unidentified cells which cooperate with the factors have allotypes, and that compatibility of the allotype was necessary for binding of the factor to the site. It was also found that regressor serum contained factors which enhanced cytolytic reactions in vitro by culture-induced nonspecifically cytotoxic cells or by stimulated macrophages in a nonrestricted manner. These factors may be responsible for the looseness of the restriction specificity of the in vivo reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

T cell-dependent nonspecific cytotoxicity induced by culture of mouse spleen cells against natural killer-insensitive tumor cells.

Normal mouse spleen cells exhibited nonspecific cytotoxicity against MM2 and other NK-insensitive mouse ascites tumor cells after culture for 3 or 4 days in vitro in the presence of heat-inactivated foetal calf serum and 5 X 10(-5) M 2-mercapthoethanol. The cytotoxicity was assayed by 51Cr-release during 18 hr incubation. Culture of spleen cells from C3H/He or C57BL/6 mice resulted in strong cytotoxicity, while cytotoxicity did not appear or appeared only weakly during culture of spleen cells from Balb/c, DDD, DBA/2 or athymic mice. High activity was observed when spleen cells from aged mice were used. The effector cells which lysed MM2 cells seemed glass dish non-adherent, Sephadex G-10 adherent, nylon wool adherent, and Thy 1.2 positive cells. The induction of cytotoxicity was inhibited by adding cytosine arabinoside to the culture medium. Mouse serum was also inhibitory. Restriction specificity between the effector and the targets was not observed for the lytic reaction. By cold target competition experiments, it was shown that the effector cells recognize cell surface structures commonly present on the surface of wide range of tumor cells which are unrelated with respect to tumor specific antigenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Growth stage-dependent sialylation of tumor-associated embryonic substances on mouse ascites tumor cells.

It has been reported that sera from tumor-regressor mice contain a class of sugar-binding proteins which specifically bind to the tumor cell surface antigens when terminal sugar residues are deleted from the glycoprotein molecules of the antigens and thus agglutinate free-cell type tumor cells in vitro. Using such agglutination of tumor cells with appropriate regressor sera, sialylation of cross-reacting tumor-associated embryonic substances on the surface of various ascites tumor cells of mice was studied. The result showed that sialylation of tumor-associated embryonic substances in all cases took place at specific stages of cell growth after transplantation of the cells, while sialylation of other cellular components in general occurred throughout the growth stages. Marked differences was observed between timing of sialylation of tumor-associated embryonic substances of hyperdiploid tumor cells and that of hypotetraploid tumor cells.

Agglutination↗