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Biomedical subjects

T Takashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Takashima.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. II: Study on pharmaceutical manufacturing of dibekacin sulfate gauze tampon.

A gauze tampon, which contains an ointment incorporating dibekacin sulfate, was prepared and investigated as a device to prevent bacterial infection after operation of chronic sinusitis. It was proved that no loss of potency occurred upon heat sterilization and that it was stable even after storage for a long period. This gauze tampon was easy to insert into the paranasal sinuses, achieving satisfactory therapeutic efficacy in terms of hemostasis and disinfection. No adverse reactions have been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. IV. Dibekacin sulfate viscous solution for treatment of mouth and throat wounds.

For the purpose of preventing suppuration of wounds of the oral cavity and throat, we attempted to develop a viscous solution of dibekacin sulfate (DKB) as a suitable medication. Solutions of different viscosity and antibacterial potency were prepared by mixing DKB, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), and water in varying proportions. Studies were then performed to ascertain relationships between the concentration of CMC-Na pH and viscosity, and between the viscosity and diffusion of DKB. The concentration of CMC-Na giving rise to optimal clinical efficacy was determined, and the concentration of DKB necessary for clinical treatment was estimated on the basis of the ionic binding constant between DKB and CMC-Na. As a result, the optimum CMC-Na concentration was found to be 2%, while the optimum DKB concentration was estimated to be 100 micrograms/ml.

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium↗
PubMed1986

Studies on improvement of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed in hospitals. V. Nifedipine hollow type suppository.

Nifedipine is a calcium antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. However, commercial nifedipine preparations are only available in forms suitable for oral administration, e.g. soft capsules and tablets. Therefore, we developed a suppository form in which the drug was incorporated into a hollow type suppository. The suppository preparation was administered to humans for evaluation of the clinical and commercial usefulness. It was as fast-acting as the soft capsule, but the blood concentration of nifedipine immediately after administration was lower than that seen with the soft capsule. It was considered to be superior to the soft capsule and similar to the tablet in terms of its long-acting effect. Thus, the hollow type suppository form of nifedipine should have useful clinical applications.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical studies of cefixime in pediatric field].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefixime (CFIX) in children were done and the following results were obtained. Serum and urinary concentrations of CFIX were determined in 6 children aged 5 to 14 years given single doses of 1.5 or 6.0 mg/kg. Mean serum concentrations peaked at 4 hours after the administration of either 1.5 or 6.0 mg/kg, and respective peak values were 0.71 and 4.46 micrograms/ml. Biological half-lives for the low and the high doses were 5.28 and 4.45 hours, respectively. The 12-hours urinary recovery ranged from 7.0 to 13.8% after administration of 1.5 mg/kg, and the 8-hours urinary recovery was 18.1% after administration of 6.0 mg/kg. Therapeutic responses were recorded as excellent or good in 43 (97.7%) of the children, comprising 13 with tonsillitis and 31 with scarlet fever. The microbiological effectiveness of CFIX on identified pathogens comprising 29 strains of S. pyogenes and 2 strains of S. aureus was satisfactory as evidence by a high eradication rate of 93.5%. No clinical side effects were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were elevation of GOT and/or GPT in 4 patients and eosinophilia in 1 patient. In conclusion, CFIX was found to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetic studies on ceftazidime in neonates].

The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime (CAZ) were investigated in neonates. The following was a summary of the results obtained. Mean peak serum levels of CAZ reached at 15 minutes after intravenous administrations at single doses of 10 mg/kg were 31.7 micrograms/ml in 1-day-old neonates and 31.4 micrograms/ml in a 13-day-old neonate. Mean serum levels at 6 hours after administrations were 8.97 micrograms/ml and 5.26 micrograms/ml in the 1-day-old and the 13-day-old, respectively. Mean half-lives of CAZ in sera were 3.29 hours in the 1-day-old and 2.24 hours in the 13-day-old. In a 4-day-old neonate, the serum level of CAZ reached a peak of 25.4 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and was 5.75 micrograms/ml at 6 hours; the half-life was 2.41 hours. Peak serum levels of CAZ reached at 15 minutes after intravenous administrations at single doses of 20 mg/kg were 46.3 micrograms/ml in a 3-day-old neonate and 80.6 micrograms/ml in a 7-day-old neonate. The serum levels at 6 hours after administration were 12.2 micrograms/ml and 10.4 micrograms/ml, in the 3-day-old and the 7-day-old, respectively. Half-lives of CAZ in sera were 3.02 hours in the 3-day-old and 2.08 hours in the 7-day-old. In 4-day-old neonates, mean serum levels were 52.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes and 14.6 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after administration and the half-life was 2.76 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Combined treatment with 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia and irradiation in a patient with advanced ureteral cancer].

Combined therapy with irradiation and 8 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia using a Thermotron-RF Model 8 was undertaken in a patient with advanced ureteral cancer. The patient was a 72-year-old man who noticed lumbago at the end of 1983. CT showed a large ureteral tumor, 73 X 59 mm in size, and two bladder tumors. Aspiration biopsies of the ureteral tumor and transurethral biopsies of the bladder tumors revealed transitional cell carcinoma, grade III. A total of 46.8 Gy of irradiation was given for six weeks. In addition, combined therapy with irradiation and hyperthermia was started in April, 1984. The patient was irradiated with 1.5 to 1.8 Gy, twice a week, followed by RF-heating within an hour after each irradiation. In total, 54.9 Gy of irradiation was given, there were 6 sessions of hyperthermia. After the treatment, complete disappearance of the bladder tumors, 70% regression of the ureteral tumor as well as a relief from lumbago were obtained. However, recurrence of the bladder tumors and severe lumbago appeared five months after the treatment was completed. The patient died in December, 1984.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Unusual portosystemic collateral penetrating the liver parenchyma.

We present a case of an extremely rare portosystemic collateral pathway which arose from the right intrahepatic portal vein, passed through the liver parenchyma, and terminated into the inferior vena cava. We demonstrate the findings of diagnostic imaging and discuss the etiology of the collateral circulation in this unusual case.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

201Tl per-rectal scintigraphy in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

The results of 201Tl per-rectal scintigraphy in 10 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were presented together with the findings from contrast angiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography. 201Tl accumulation within the tumour was seen in seven of ten patients. This accumulation was thought to be due to 201Tl supply not from the portal vein but from the hepatic artery since significantly high heart to liver uptake (H/L) ratio from 0.71 to 1.21 and clear visualization of the heart and kidneys, indicating the presence of abundant portal-to-systemic shunting, were observed. Another three patients showed negative 201Tl accumulation within the tumour and near-normal H/L ratios from 0.32 to 0.47 which indicates little portal-to-systemic shunting. This finding reveals the evidence of the lack of 201Tl supply to the tumour from the portal vein. It seems that HCC does not receive any significant amount of blood flow from the portal system.

Administration, Rectal↗