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Biomedical subjects

T Takashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Takashima.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on amikacin in neonates].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on amikacin (AMK) were performed in neonates and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. After intramuscular injection of single doses of AMK at 3 mg/kg, peak serum levels were 6.8 micrograms/ml in a 2-day-old neonate and 7.0 micrograms/ml in a 20-day-old neonate. Serum levels of AMK in the above 2 neonates at 8 hours after injection were 1.5 micrograms/ml and 1.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the half-life of AMK was 3.3 hours. After intramuscular injection of single doses of 4 mg/kg of AMK, the mean peak serum level was 8.1 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml, and half-lives of AMK were 6.1 hours in a 1-day-old neonate and 4.0 hours in a 3-day-old neonate. The mean peak serum level of AMK reached at 1 hour after intramuscular administrations at single dose of 6 mg/kg was 10.5 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml in a 3-day and a 4-day-old neonates. Serum levels at 8 hours after administrations were 3.1 micrograms/ml and 2.8 micrograms/ml, in the 3-day and the 4-day-old neonates, respectively. Half-lives of AMK in sera were 3.9 hours in the 3-day-old neonate and 3.5 hours in the 4-day-old neonate. 2. In three 2-day-old neonates, the mean peak serum level of AMK after an intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes at single dose of 3 mg/kg was 10.0 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion and serum levels decreased to 2.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml at 6.5 hours after infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Regions necessary for pH-dependent assembly of gizzard myosin rod.

Aggregated and disaggregated forms of gizzard myosin rod and its fragments in various concentrations of NaCl (0-0.30 M) at various pH (7.4-8.6) were distinguished from each other by their permeability through a Sepharose 4B column. The rod existed in three forms, namely: large aggregates impermeable to the column, small aggregates eluted at the void volume of the column and a disaggregated monomer which penetrated the column. The relative proportions of the three forms varied depending on the salt concentration and pH. The monomeric rod was detected in NaCl solutions above 0.20 M and its relative proportion at 0.25 M NaCl was larger than those of the small and large aggregates. The small aggregates of the rod were predominant at below 0.05 M NaCl and, upon decrease in pH from 8.6 to 7.4, these small aggregates in NaCl solutions between 0.10 M and 0.15 M were replaced by the large aggregates. Light meromyosin, which corresponded to the C-terminal two-thirds of the rod, existed exclusively as large aggregates in NaCl solutions below 0.15 M; increase of NaCl concentration to above 0.20 M resulted in the formation of its monomer, instead of the large aggregates. In contrast to the rod, no small aggregated form of the light meromyosin was detected. Truncated light meromyosin which had lost a small segment from either the C-terminal or N-terminal of light meromyosin was eluted only as a monomer in any NaCl concentration at any pH. It may be deduced from the above results that a small segment in the light meromyosin is requisite for the assembly of both rod and light meromyosin in the NaCl solutions below 0.15 M and that the relative proportion of small and large aggregates of the rod is determined in a pH-dependent manner by the subfragment 2 segment, the N-terminal third of the rod.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Angiographic findings in two carcinoid tumors of the gallbladder.

Angiography was performed in 2 patients with carcinoid tumors of the gallbladder. In the first case, proper hepatic angiography revealed an obstruction and irregular neovascularization of the cystic artery and an encasement of the right hepatic artery. In the second case, celiac angiography revealed a dilatation and fine neovascularization of the cystic artery. In both cases, moderate hypervascular metastatic lesions were demonstrated in the liver. Although hypervascular metastases might suggest the diagnosis of metastasis from carcinoid tumor, the specific diagnosis of carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder must rely on the pathologic evidence.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1986

Marked hypervascularity and early arteriovenous shunting with portal vein filling in chronic relapsing pancreatitis.

Angiography was performed in 2 patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis. Marked hypervascularity and early arteriovenous shunting with portal vein filling were demonstrated. Increased capillary vessels in the thickened capsule due to inflammation were observed in the pathologic specimen. The angiographic findings we report here are quite similar to those of pancreatic arteriovenous malformation.

Angiography↗
PubMed1986

Hepatic artery embolization of experimental hepatic tumors with absolute ethanol.

Hepatic artery embolization with absolute ethanol (HAEE) was done in rats and rabbits with experimentally induced liver tumors, and its effects on liver parenchyma and tumors were analyzed microscopically in comparison with those of controls. HAEE with 0.1 ml in rats brought massive tumor necrosis and minimal damage to liver parenchyma. But HAEE with 0.15 ml in rabbits induced moderate to massive necrosis of liver parenchyma with minimal to moderate tumor necrosis. Damage to the intrahepatic bile ductules was also seen in both animals. Many problems should be resolved before clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Laboratory and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the pediatric field].

Laboratory and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium were carried out and the obtained results were summarized below. The antibacterial activity of imipenem against clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella sp., S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa was measured by the plate dilution method with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The growth of S. aureus was inhibited at an imipenem concentration of 0.025 microgram/ml or lower. The susceptibility distribution of E. coli to imipenem ranged from 0.1 to 1.56 micrograms/ml, and the peak of the distribution was at 0.1 microgram/ml. The peak of the susceptibility distribution of K. pneumoniae was 0.2 microgram/ml, and those of S. marcescens and Salmonella ranged from 0.2 to 1.56 micrograms/ml and from 0.1 to 0.39 microgram/ml, respectively. The growth of P. aeruginosa was inhibited at a concentration of imipenem at 6.25 micrograms/ml. For a pharmacokinetic study, imipenem/cilastatin sodium was given to 1 patient in a single dose of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg by drip infusion over 1 hour. With drip infusion of imipenem/cilastatin sodium, the peak plasma levels obtained with the two doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) were 20.6/26.4 micrograms/ml and 19.4/36.5 micrograms/ml, respectively on completion of the infusion. Clinical responses to imipenem/cilastatin sodium were excellent in 6 patients and fairly good in 1 patient, and the clinical effectiveness ratio was 85.7%. No side effect was observed except for elevations of GOT and GPT in 1 patient.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefotiam in mature neonates].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefotiam (CTM) in mature neonates were carried out. The results were summarized as follows: The serum peak level of CTM after intravenous bolus injection at a single dose of 10 mg/kg was found at 15 minutes after the injection. The serum peak level was 32.9 micrograms/ml in a 1 day-old neonate and it was 17.7 micrograms/ml in a 4 day-old neonate. Serum levels at 6 hours after injection were 4.5 micrograms/ml and 0.7 microgram/ml for the 1 day-old and the 4 day-old, respectively. Half-lives were 2.1 and 1.2 hours in the 1 and 4 day-old neonates, respectively. Serum peak levels of CTM at 15 minutes after intravenous bolus injection at a single dose of 20 mg/kg were 40.9 micrograms/ml in a 1 day-old neonate and 36.5 micrograms/ml in a 5 day-old neonate. Serum levels of CTM at 6 hours were 8.0 micrograms/ml in the 1 day-old neonate and 2.3 micrograms/ml in the 5 day-old neonate. Half-lives were 2.5 and 1.5 hours in the 1 and 5 day-old neonates, respectively. With each dosage, the younger showed extended half-lives. A dose-response relationship was observed. In 2 cases of 2 day-old neonates given CTM 20 mg/kg by 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, the mean peak concentration at the termination of the infusion was 25.1 micrograms/ml. Even after 6 hours the concentration was found at 8.7 micrograms/ml. Half-lives were 2.9 and 3.7 hours. Urinary excretion rates of CTM in 1 to 5 day-old neonates were as low as about 20% in any of cases subjected to a 10 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection, a 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection a 20 mg/kg 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. It was possible to evaluate the efficacy of CTM in only 1 case of pneumonia. CTM was clinically and bacteriologically effective in this case. No abnormal clinical symptoms and findings were observed in all of the 5 cases.

Cefotaxime↗