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Biomedical subjects

T Taguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Taguchi.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Peptidergic innervation irregularities in Hirschsprung's disease. Immunohistochemistry--radioimmunoassay.

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-containing nerves and the contents of both VIP and substance P (S-P) in the intestines from 12 children with Hirschsprung's disease were examined using immunohistochemical methods and radioimmunoassay. VIP-containing nerve fibers were markedly decreased in number in the true muscle coats of aganglionic segments, while extrinsic hypertrophic nerve bundles in these segments showed positive VIP-immunoreactivities. This finding suggests the existence of extrinsic origins of VIP-containing nerves in the human gut. The contents of VIP were 44.5 +/- 8.2 in aganglionic segments and 130 +/- 17.1 pg/mg wet tissue weight in normoganglionic segments. The contents of S-P were 0.42 +/- 0.18 in aganglionic segments and 6.38 +/- 2.3 pg/mg wet tissue weight in normoganglionic segments. Both VIP and S-P contents in aganglionic segments were significantly reduced as assessed by the use of radioimmunoassay (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05). These abnormal peptidergic patterns of innervation might relate to the non-peristaltic state in Hirschsprung's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Fine structure of experimental canine gastric carcinoma, with special reference to signet ring cells.

Fine structure of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma selectively induced in the canine stomach by a low concentration of N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine was studied with special reference to the so-called signet ring cells. These cells were electron microscopically classified into two groups: 1) mucin-containing cells and 2) intracellular microcyst cells. The cytoplasm of mucin-containing cells was packed with fused large and low electrondense secretory granules. In another type of signet ring cells, there were intracellular microcysts with microvilli on the internal surface. A comparison of canine and human signet ring cells revealed a close resemblance in the fine structure. Canine gastric carcinoma should be a good model for human gastric carcinoma therapeutics.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Double zonal aganglionosis with a skipped oligoganglionic ascending colon.

We report a case of aganglionosis which involved the rectum, entire colon, appendix, terminal ileum but spared the ascending colon. This case was considered to represent for so-called double zonal aganglionosis. Histologically, the spared ascending colon proved to be an oligoganglionic segment. This may be the first documentation of a skipped oligoganglionic colon in double zonal aganglionosis.

Colon↗
PubMed1983

Complete purification of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis.

A phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C was purified from the culture broth of Bacillus thuringiensis IAM 12077 to a homogeneous state as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 559 units/mg and recovery of the enzyme activity was 31%. Molecular and physiological properties of the purified enzyme, including molecular weight (22,000), isoelectric point (pI = 4.9) and its ectoenzyme-releasing activity, were studied in comparison with those other known enzymes of bacterial origin.

Bacillus thuringiensis↗
PubMed1983

Suppression of afferent activity of the hepatic vagus nerve by anomers of D-glucose.

Afferent discharges were recorded from the nerve filaments dissected from the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve in the guinea pig. Recordings were made in isolated and perfused liver preparations and in vivo to study the effect of alpha and beta anomers of D-glucose on the afferent discharge rate. Infusions of these anomers (30 mg or 50 mg dissolved in 10 ml glucose-free Ringer solution) into the portal vein in perfused liver preparations and intraportal injections of these anomers (50 mg/kg dissolved in 0.2 ml saline) in vivo partially suppressed the afferent activity. However, the effect of suppression by the beta anomer was stronger than that of the alpha anomer. Results indicate the existence of anomeric stereospecificity of D-glucose action to the hepatic "glucose sensors."

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1983

Microvasculature as studied by the microvascular corrosion casting/scanning electron microscope method. I. Endocrine and digestive system.

This paper reviews firstly the microvascular corrosion casting/scanning electron microscope method and secondly the microvascular organization of endocrine and digestive system as revealed by this technique. Detailed descriptions of the microvascular arrangement of the hypophysis, pineal body, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, salivary gland, liver, stomach and small intestine are given. Various hypotheses are also proposed regarding the physiological significance of the microcirculatory patterns observed.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1983

Increase in histidine decarboxylase activity in mouse skin after application of tumor promoters.

The activity of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) increased by a factor of 10 after a single application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The HDC-inducing activity of other phorbol esters paralleled their tumor-promoting activity. Application of some indole alkaloids, which have been shown to be a new class tumor promoter, also induced the increase in HDC activity. The cell type responsible for this increase was examined. First, pieces of the skin were separated into epidermis and dermis after application of TPA. In contrast with ornithine decarboxylase, the HDC activity increased in the dermis. Second, genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv and Sl/Sld mice were used. Although most histamine in the dermis is in the mast cells, the increase in HDC activity in W/Wv mice was comparable to that in congenic +/+ mice. However, no significant increase in HDC activity was detected in the skin of the Sl/Sld mice. Histological examination revealed that the magnitude of inflammatory cell infiltration was much less in the skin of Sl/Sld mice than in the skin of +/+ or W/Wv mice. The increase in HDC activity and the inflammatory cell response in the skin of W/Wv mice were abolished by prior X-ray irradiation, and were restored by subsequent bone marrow transplantation. Thus, inflammatory cells may be responsible for at least a part of the increase in HDC activity after application of tumor promoters.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1983

Conductive staining of biological specimens for scanning electron microscopy with special reference to ligand-mediated osmium impregnation.

Biological specimens for scanning electron microscopy are made electron-conductive and non-charging by intense osmication with tannic acid, thiocarbohydrazide, hydrazine hydrate or other bifunctional ligands (or mordants). Such osmication also minimizes tissue shrinkage during dehydration and drying, reduces tissue damage during metal coating and scanning observations, and circumvents the use of a thick metal coating which hinders high resolution. Intense osmication when repeated eliminates the need for a metal coating and produces a well-contrasted scanning image with good resolution. Moreover, such osmication reduces tissue damage during ion implanting, enhances the depth of imaging, allows x-ray microanalysis without coated metals, and permits resin-embedded observations, as well as continuous or repeated microdissections in the scanning electron microscope without charging. Intense osmication forms a surface coat or thickens the cell membrane. This surface coat consists of electron dense deposits of 4-20 nm thickness. The hydrazine hydrate-osmium method can be used in the vapor phase. The vapor phase application has the advantage of staining even plastic samples for non-metal-coated scanning electron microscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of SPG (schizophyllan) as a therapeutic adjuvant after surgery of gastric cancer--controlled study by an envelope method].

SPG, a beta-1, 3 glucan extracted from cultured Schizophyllum commune Fries, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy in adjuvant immunochemotherapy for postoperative gastric cancer by the SPG cooperative study group comprising 43 hospitals. On the day of operation and the next day, patients were given intravenously 0.4 mg and 0.2 mg/kg of mitomycin C, respectively. Subsequently, they were randomly allocated to either the SPG group or control group. From the 10th to 20th postoperative days, the SPG group was intramuscularly given SPG at a dose of 20 mg twice a week or 40 mg once a week in combination with tegafur, while the control group was given only tegafur. Significant prolongation of life span of the SPG group was confirmed in Stage III. Minor side effects due to SPG were noted in 2.6% (5/190).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of schizophyllan (SPG) in advanced gastric cancer--a randomized comparative study by an envelope method].

To clarify the clinical efficacy of SPG, a beta-1, 3 glucan extracted from cultured Schizophyllum commune Fries, a randomized comparative study was performed in combination with mitomycin C+5-fluorouracil (MF protocol) or tegafur (F protocol). A total of 514 cases with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer were randomly allocated to either the SPG group or the control group, 367 of which were finally assessed for clinical efficacy. SPG was intramuscularly given at a dose of 20 mg twice a week or 40 mg once a week. Significant prolongation of life span was confirmed in the SPG group (MF protocol: p less than 0.01, F protocol: p less than 0.05), although the combination of SPG did not demonstrate a remarkable antitumor effect in both MF and F protocols. Among immune response parameters tested, the positive reactions in the PHA skin test were maintained in the SPG group and decreases in lymphocyte counts were inhibited by SPG in the MF protocol. Side effects associated with SPG therapy were noted in 6 of 258 cases treated with SPG. From these results, it is indicated that the combination of SPG and the chemotherapeutic agents may be useful in treating patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of lentinan in advanced or recurrent cases of gastric, colorectal, and breast cancer].

In order to evaluate clinical efficacy of Lentinan (LNT), a purified polysaccharide extracted from Lentinus edodes, randomized controlled studies with envelope method have been conducted on the patients with advanced or recurrent, stomach, colo-rectal and breast cancer. Administration condition of LNT for gastrointestinal cancer was designed as the following: LNT was administered intravenously at doses of 1 mg/person/day twice a week or 2 mg/person/day once a week in combination with mitomycine C + 5-FU (MF) or tegafur (FT). Control therapy was the administration of MF or FT alone. Survival curve drawn by Kaplan-Meier's method showed that life span prolongation effect of LNT was observed with statistical significance (P less than 0.05 or P less than 0.01) by use of generalized Wilcoxon's test. Moreover, improvement of host immune responses was observed in LNT treated group, and hematological survey showed that incidence rate of abnormal value was significantly low in LNT treated group. Thus, LNT should be effective for the patients with advanced or recurrent stomach or colo-rectal cancer in combination with chemotherapeutic agents such as MF or FT. Regarding advanced or recurrent breast cancer, study is underway. LNT has been administered as an agent for supportive therapy to the patients with complete response, partial response or stable diseases which were induced by prior surgery of oophorectomy. Again, life span prolongation effect of LNT has been observed with statistical significance (P less than 0.05). This result suggests that LNT would also be effective for the patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer as an agent for supportive therapy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

Different effects of D-glucose anomers on enhanced motility of the stomach.

The injection of alpha, beta, or equilibrated (alpha: 36%, beta: 64%) D-glucose solution into the cranial side of carotid artery decreased gastric pressure caused by insulin in rats with bilateral adrenalectomy. This effect was not reproduced after vagotomy at the cervical level. The effect of beta-D-glucose was more rapid and potent than that of alpha-D-glucose. The injection of isotonic NaCl solution, however, produced no change in pressure.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1983

Whole-organ incubation as a first step in the isolation of pancreatic islets from large animals.

Ninety-five porcine pancreases were incubated at temperatures of 0, 20, or 37 degrees C for periods of 1-32 h. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 2-4 h, islet cells retain their morphologic and functional integrity, whereas acinar cells become necrotic. Because of acinar destruction, the pancreas also becomes soft and amenable to mechanical separation with a simple new device. Temperature-controlled incubation therefore may be a useful first step in the isolation of islet cells from large animal pancreases.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for metastatic hepatic tumor of colo-rectal cancer].

Effect of intraarterial infusion chemotherapy on metastatic liver tumor (28 cases) of colo-rectal cancer was compared with that of oral or intravenous chemotherapy (8 cases). The efficacy of the selective intraarterial chemotherapy was 40%, non-selective intraarterial chemotherapy, 11.1% and oral or intravenous chemotherapy 0%, respectively. Mean survival time of the intraarterial chemotherapy was 11.1 months, and that of oral or intravenous chemotherapy was 6.0 months, suggesting greater efficacy of the intraarterial infusion chemotherapy. Especially, the selective intraarterial infusion chemotherapy will be an effective therapy for inoperable metastatic liver tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Treatment of recurrent gastrointestinal cancer].

There are various patterns of recurrence of gastric and colorectal cancer after radical resection. In case of residual stomach recurrence, re-resection is sometimes feasible. Chemotherapy in such a case consists of combined chemotherapy by arterial infusion for induction of remission and administration of oral preparation and/or suppositories for maintenance. The results obtained from our clinic (recurrent gastric cancer: 101 cases, colorectal cancer: 27 cases) were shown as follows. The 50% survival period was 5 months. The twenty-one cases out of 101 cases in gastric cancer were survived more than one years, because they received the intensive chemotherapy such as arterial infusion chemotherapy and oral or rectal administration of FT. In case of recurrent colorectal cancer, 17 cases of 27 patients has multiple liver metastasis. The most patients of liver metastasis were treated with selective arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-FU plus ACNU or MMC. And the efficacy of arterial infusion chemotherapy was remarkable. Our efforts must be made to continue any treatment as long as possible and change drugs as necessary. Also we must be made to keep general condition of the patients as good as possible using support therapy such as IVH, prevention of infection, immunotherapy, drainage so on.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

[Analysis of factors affecting clinical cancer chemotherapy].

An analysis of possible factors affecting clinical cancer chemotherapeutic efficacy is of essential importance in the clinical application of new anticancer drugs (phase study), in evaluating clinical effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents and in enhancing their activities. It results also in the clarification of the role of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Tumor-host-drug relationship has been emphasized in the clinical response to cancer chemotherapy. Relationships among them should be the fundamental view point in these studies.

Adenocarcinoma↗