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T Suda

Publications and source records attributed to T Suda.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources

Activation and fusion induced by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and their relation in alveolar macrophages.

1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3] induces fusion of murine alveolar macrophages. This effect was observed in growth medium containing 5% human serum but not in the medium with 5% fetal bovine serum. Unlike 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) did not induce fusion of alveolar macrophages. However, both 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and LPS activated alveolar macrophages, as measured by glucose consumption, increase in Fc receptors, and induction of cytotoxicity. The number of Fc receptors on the surface of multinucleated giant cells induced by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 was much smaller than that on the surface of mononuclear macrophages treated with the hormone. These results indicate that 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 induces both fusion and activation of alveolar macrophages, whereas LPS elicits activation only.

Animals↗

Disparate differentiation in mouse hemopoietic colonies derived from paired progenitors.

We analyzed the differentiation of murine hemopoietic colonies derived from paired progenitors in culture. Single progenitors were isolated by use of a micromanipulation technique from blast cell colonies cultured from the spleens of 5-fluorouracil-treated mice. Eighteen to 24 hr later, the paired progenitors were separated with a micromanipulator and cultured in methylcellulose medium containing erythropoietin and pokeweed-mitogen spleen cell conditioned medium. Six to nine days later, the two colonies derived from the paired progenitors were individually picked and differential counts were performed by using May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. The abbreviations used here are n, neutrophil; m, macrophage; e, eosinophil; mast, mast cell; M, megakaryocyte; E, erythrocyte. Of a total of 387 pairs that could be evaluated, 68 were pairs of colonies consisting of dissimilar combinations of cell lineages such as m-nmmastEM, M-nmmastEM, nm-nmmastEM, nmmastM-nmmastEM, M-nmmastM, nmmast-nmmastM, nm-nmmastE, M-nmM, n-nmM, mM-nmM, m-nmmast, nm-nme, me-nm, mM-nm, n-ne, m-mmast, m-mM, M-nm, M-mM, E-nm, m-nm, M-m, etc. Thirty-nine were homologous pairs revealing identical lineage combinations such as nmmastEM, nmmastM, nmmast, mmastEM, nmEM, nme, nmM, mM, and nm lineages. However, in members of some of these pairs, the proportions of the individual cell lineages were significantly different. The remainder were pairs of single lineage colonies. Paired progenitors obtained from the stem cell colonies of normal mice also revealed homologous and nonhomologous expression of the cell lineages. Comparison of lineage expression in colonies derived from single progenitors with the sum of lineages expressed in pairs of colonies derived from single progenitors indicated that the diversity was not due to injury inflicted by micromanipulation. These observations provide experimental data in support of stochastic mechanisms of stem cell differentiation.

Animals↗

Effect of dexamethasone on immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat median eminence and intermediate-posterior pituitary.

Immunoreactive ACTH (I-ACTH) concentrations in the anterior pituitary, intermediate-posterior pituitary (IP), and plasma and immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (I-CRF) concentrations in the median eminence and IP were determined in rats receiving dexamethasone for various periods from 16 h to 10 days. Plasma I-ACTH concentrations were decreased 16 h after a single injection of dexamethasone. Anterior pituitary I-ACTH concentrations did not decrease until 4 days after the start of dexamethasone medication. IP I-ACTH concentrations did not change throughout these periods. I-CRF concentrations in median eminence and IP rapidly decreased after dexamethasone administration. These results raise the possibility that the source of I-CRF in the IP is hypothalamic.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

Extracellular calcium is involved in the mechanism of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1) induced by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

We have reported that 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3] suppresses proliferation and induces differentiation of murine myeloid leukemia cells (M1) into macrophages. In the current study, M1 cells were cultured either with 2.0 or 0.15 mM total calcium to examine the effect of calcium on the process of differentiation induced by the vitamin. The 0.15 mM calcium medium greatly enhanced 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3]-induced inhibition of cell growth and suppression of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Addition of Verapamil, a calcium antagonist, to the 2.0 mM calcium medium also elicited similar responses. The absolute number of cells with phagocytic activity induced by 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 was almost identical in media containing either concentration of calcium, and in cultures with or without Verapamil. Culture in the 0.15 mM calcium medium or addition of Verapamil to the 2.0 mM calcium medium did not suppress cell growth nor induce phagocytic activity in the absence of the vitamin. To confirm the preferential effect of calcium on cell growth, M1 cells were pretreated for 3 days with 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 in either the 2.0 or 0.15 mM calcium medium. Then the pretreated cells were washed and subcultured in the absence of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 in either medium. The growth rate was inhibited much more effectively in the subculture with 0.15 mM calcium than with 2.0 mM calcium. These results suggest that the M1 cells' increased requirement of extracellular calcium, caused by the treatment with 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3, is closely related to cell growth rather than differentiation.

Animals↗

Immunoreactive corticotropin and corticotropin-releasing factor in human hypothalamus, adrenal, lung cancer, and pheochromocytoma.

Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (I-CRF) and ACTH (I-ACTH) were examined using RIA, immunoaffinity chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography in human hypothalamus, adrenal (cortex and medulla), lung cancer, and pheochromocytoma. I-CRF and I-ACTH were present in these tissues. Gel filtration of I-ACTH in the adrenal, pheochromocytoma, and lung cancer showed the presence of larger amounts of I-ACTH with large molecular weight forms in contrast to the hypothalamus. Gel filtration of I-CRF in these tissues showed the main peak eluted at the position of synthetic rat CRF. High performance liquid chromatography of this main peak showed two components which eluted in the positions of synthetic rat CRF and oxidized CRF. These elution positions were the same in all tissues and identical with those in the hypothalamus. These results suggest the presence of I-ACTH and I-CRF in these tissues and that CRF outside the brain is identical to hypothalamic CRF.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor is present in human maternal plasma during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Immunoreactive (IR) corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like activity was detectable in the majority of plasma samples obtained from women in the third trimester of pregnancy (68.7 +/- 23.6 pg/ml (14.4 +/- 4.9 fmol/ml); mean +/- SE, n = 15), but not in plasma (less than 10 pg/ml) from first (n = 9) or second (n = 11) trimester of pregnancy, 1 day post partum (n = 7), non-pregnant women (n = 10), or in plasma obtained from patients with Cushing's disease (n = 2) or Nelson's syndrome (n = 1), or in basal (n = 6) or ether-stressed (n = 6) rat plasma. Gel filtration of third trimester pooled plasma revealed that the majority of such material eluted with Kav of rat CRF (1-41). The IR CRF (1-41)-sized material eluted with the identical retention time as rat CRF in a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The detection of IR CRF exclusively in third trimester maternal plasma, together with our previous demonstration that material physicochemically indistinguishable from it is present in human term placental extracts, suggests that the placenta may be the source of plasma IR CRF.

Adult↗

Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor and other materials on adrenocorticotropin secretion from pituitary glands of patients with Cushing's disease in vitro.

ACTH responsiveness in vitro to synthetic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), lysine-8-vasopressin, and cAMP was examined using superfusion of pituitary adenoma tissue and the nonadenomatous tissue from 16 patients with Cushing's disease. Sensitivity of adenomas to lysine-8-vasopressin and cAMP was similar to that of nonadenomatous tissues; however, sensitivity of adenomas to CRF was lower than that of nonadenomatous tissues in 7 of 16 patients. CRF-induced ACTH secretion from adenomas was inhibited by Ca2+-free medium in all instances and by dexamethasone and somatostatin in some. Angiotensins I and II stimulated ACTH secretion from both adenomas and nonadenomatous tissues, while angiotensin I-induced ACTH secretion was inhibited by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. These results suggest that the sensitivity of the pituitary corticotroph adenomas to CRF in some patients is low. This may be due to an abnormality of the step(s) before cAMP formation, such as the CRF receptor.

Adenoma↗

Distribution and characterization of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor in human tissues.

The distribution and characterization of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (I-CRF) in human tissues were examined using a rat CRF RIA, immunoaffinity chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. High concentrations of I-CRF were found in the hypothalamus and pituitary stalk. In addition, I-CRF was found in the posterior pituitary, thalamus, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord, and outside the brain and in the adrenal, lung, liver, stomach, duodenum, and pancreas. The major component of I-CRF from these tissues eluted in the position of rat CRF on gel filtration chromatography. High performance liquid chromatography of this major component showed two main peaks which eluted in the positions of CRF and oxidized CRF. These elution positions were the same in all tissues. These results indicate the presence of I-CRF outside the brain and suggest that this CRF is identical to hypothalamic CRF.

Adrenal Glands↗

Immunocytochemical identification of CRF in the human hypothalamus.

Immunoreactive ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was revealed in the cell bodies of parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the human hypothalamus by an immunocytochemical technique. The immunoreactivity was negative in magnocellular neurons. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the subependymal layers of the third ventricle and in the perivascular space of the primary plexus in the lower hypothalamus. No CRF immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the supraoptic nucleus.

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone↗

Enhanced TNP-reactive helper T cell activity and its utilization in the induction of amplified tumor immunity that results in tumor regression.

The present study was designed to investigate the generation of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-reactive helper T cell activity potent enough to induce the regression of a syngeneic tumor; this occurs by augmenting antitumor-specific immunity through T-T cell interaction. Mice whose skin was painted with trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) exhibited a variety of anti-TNP T cell responses, including delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and cytotoxic T cell responses, as well as helper T cell activity. Pretreatment of C3H/He mice with TNP-conjugated copolymer of D-glutamic acid and lysine (TNP-D-GL) or cyclophosphamide, which have been shown, respectively, to inactivate TNP-specific suppressor T cells or suppressor T cells in general, exhibited a slight or marginal augmentation of DTH and cytotoxic potentials when tested 5 wk after TNCB painting. In contrast, the same pretreatment regimens induced an appreciably amplified generation of anti-TNP helper T cell activity. This amplified TNP-helper T cell activity was demonstrated to enhance cytotoxic responses to antigens other than TNP in an antigen-nonspecific way. In fact, such helper T cells enhanced antitumor CTL responses when co-cultured with spleen cells from syngeneic X5563 plasmacytoma-bearing mice in the presence of TNBS-modified X5563 tumor cells. This amplified TNP-helper cell system was utilized for its immunotherapeutic potential. When TNCB was injected into X5563 tumor mass of syngeneic C3H/He mice in which the amplified TNP-helper T cell activity had been generated, an appreciable number of growing tumors was observed to regress. This contrasted with the low incidence of tumor regression observed in mice in which TNP-helper activity had been induced by TNCB painting without inactivation of suppressors. Thus, the present model provides an effective immunotherapeutic manipulation for eliciting enhanced in vivo tumor regression, and emphasizes a role of helper T cells in augmentation of syngeneic tumor immunity.

Animals↗

[Precancerous lesions of the colon and rectum].

We discussed significance of various kinds of precancerous lesions of the colon and rectum. Colonic adenoma was most important as a histogenetic background of colonic carcinoma, as it has been widely accepted. The first malignant transformation of adenoma seemed to occur at the relatively superficial layer of the central portion of adenoma in many cases. Growth rate of adenoma largely depended on cellular atypia. Six of twenty-seven patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome had advanced carcinoma and/or carcinoma in Peutz-Jeghers polyp. In general, malignant transformation in the polyp was higher in frequency in polyps more than 3.0 cm in the largest dimension. Significance of precancerous lesions in juvenile polyp, hyperplastic polyp, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and radiation colitis was briefly presented.

Adenoma↗

Colony assay using collagen gel: a better technique for studying the cell morphology of colonies.

Collagen gel was used as a substance for the assay of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFUc). The number of colonies formed in collagen gel was consistently higher than that in a conventional soft-agar system. In six out of eight experiments, the difference was statistically significant. Whole permanent preparations of the plates were made easily and were stained by Giemsa solution with minimum background staining. Preservation of cellular morphology in the preparations was excellent, and neutrophil, macrophage, and eosinophil colonies could be differentiated by their nuclear shape, cytoplasmic color, and specific granules.

Agar↗

Inhibition by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 of induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase caused by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and teleocidin B.

Topical application of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3], an active form of vitamin D3, markedly inhibited induction of ornithine decarboxylase caused by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidin B in mouse skin. The degree of inhibition was dependent on the dose and time of application of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3. Application of 1 micrograms 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 within 30 min before or after treatment with 10 micrograms TPA caused about 72% inhibition of ODC induction at 4 hr. Similar degrees of inhibition were obtained with dose ratios of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 to TPA of 1:3, 1:10, and 1:30. The dose required for 50% inhibition was 0.063 micrograms, or 0.15 nmol, which is about one-half that of retinoic acid, a known inhibitor of induction of ODC activity by TPA. 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 had a specific inhibitory effect, in which 100 times higher doses or more of other derivatives of vitamin D3, such as 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and vitamin D3, were required to inhibit ODC induction by TPA. 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 did not inhibit epidermal hyperplasia induced by TPA.

Alkaloids↗