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Biomedical subjects

T Otani

Publications and source records attributed to T Otani.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Children with unstable bladder: clinical and urodynamic observation.

A clinical analysis was done on 303 patients diagnosed by urodynamic study as having an unstable bladder, which was characterized by uninhibited contraction of the detrusor without any overt neurogenic lesions. An age distribution histogram demonstrated 2 peaks: children less than 10 years old and patients between 60 and 80 years old. Sex was not significant in the children but men predominated in the adults. There were 68 children less than 15 years old with the chief complaints of enuresis (54 per cent), urge incontinence (41 per cent) and fever (25 per cent). The objective findings were vesicoureteral reflux in 29 children, urinary tract infection in 20 and distal urethral stenosis in 8. An unstable bladder type I, the occurrence of uninhibited contractions during the filling phase of cystometry, was found in 53 children (78 per cent). We noted several postures that the children characteristically used to resist unheralded urgency and to prevent urine from leaking. The main therapeutic regimen consisted of anticholinergics with or without antimicrobials. Several children underwent surgical intervention. Once the antireflux operation was performed followup with anticholinergics was of primary importance. The unstable bladders of 63 of the 68 children (93 per cent) have been controlled satisfactorily. The etiology of bladder instability is discussed for both groups of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Stimulation of nonspecific resistance to infection induced by muramyl dipeptide analogs substituted in the gamma-carboxyl group and evaluation of N alpha-muramyl dipeptide-N epsilon-stearoyllysine.

Stimulation of resistance to infection induced by the analogs of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) having substituted functions in the gamma-carboxyl group of D-isoglutamyl residue was examined in experimental Escherichia coli infections in mice. An MDP analog which is an efficient strengthener of resistance to infection, N alpha-MDP-N epsilon-stearoyllysine [MDP-Lys(L18)], was selected through the comparative assessment of a number of compounds in three categories: (i) gamma-alkylamides, (ii) gamma-esters, and (iii) N alpha-MDP-N epsilon-acyllysine derivatives. Furthermore, the antiinfectious activity of MDP-Lys(L18) was evaluated bacteriologically in comparison with that of MDP. The effect of MDP-Lys(L18) on the susceptibility of mice to infections with various species of microorganisms was studied. Protective activity was greatest against E. coli and staphylococcal infections, considerable against Pseudomonas and Candida infections, and least against Klebsiella infection. The effects of bacterial inoculum size and MDP treatment timing, dose, and route of administration on protective activity were studied. The efficacy of MDP-Lys(L18) in protection tests was demonstrated for all administration routes, even the oral. Its high potency was confirmed by the smaller influence of inoculum size and particularly small value of the minimum dosage required for inducing protective activity. A decrease in bacterial survival was observed in the blood and organs of mice treated with the analog and infected with E. coli. The following two useful effects were obtained: the synergistic effect of glycopeptide and chemotherapeutic agents and the stimulation of resistance to infection in animals immunocompromised by cyclophosphamide treatment.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1983

Maturation of ovarian follicles after inhibition of ovulation in rats.

The present investigation was performed to elucidate the mechanism of the initiation of follicular maturation after inhibition of ovulation in rats treated with pentobarbitone sodium at 13.30 h and progesterone at 14.00 h on the day of pro-oestrus (day 0 denotes the day of these treatments). Ovulation was completely inhibited and the next spontaneous ovulation occurred on day 5, the expected day of the next oestrus. Follicular responsiveness to injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) indicated that preovulatory follicles at the time of treatment with pentobarbitone and progesterone regressed by 05.00 h on day 2. Maturation of a new set of follicles began from 17.00 h on day 2 and all rats were induced to ovulate by hCG injection by 17.00 h on day 3, the number of oocytes ovulated being comparable to normal ovulation. In the animals receiving pentobarbitone sodium and progesterone treatment, two selective rises in plasma FSH, which had peak levels at 05.00 h on day 1 and 11.00 h on day 2, were observed without a rise in LH. Preovulatory surges of FSH and LH occurred on the afternoon of day 4. These results suggest that the second rise in FSH was induced by regression of Graafian follicles present at the time of treatment with pentobarbitone sodium and progesterone and that this surge of FSH was responsible for initiation of maturation of a new set of follicles destined to ovulate in the subsequent cycle. The mechanism of induction and the role of the first rise of FSH from the night of day 0 to the morning of day 1 cannot be explained at present.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Nonbacteremic pseudomonas pneumonia in immunosuppressed guinea pigs.

An experimental model of nonbacteremic pneumonia with a virulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was successfully established in guinea pigs immuno-suppressed with cortisone acetate although the organisms were eliminated rapidly from the lungs without cortisone treatment. Using a pocket nebulizer, almost all the animals which received 10(6) organisms/g-lung developed bronchopneumonia without any septic findings as long as 10 days after challenge. The lesions produced in such animals were characterized by dissemination of multiple purulogranulomatous changes. In the early stage of infection, infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in the bronchiolar and alveolar spaces was diffuse, later showing multifocal accumulation with the formation of central spherical grains enclosing bacterial colonies. In the later stage, granulation tissue consisting of large mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and collagen fibers developed around the PMN accumulation. The animals which received 10(7) organisms/g-lung, on the other hand, developed severe pulmonary hemorrhages and necrosis followed by septic death.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Suppression of bladder instability by penile squeeze.

The effect of penile squeeze upon bladder instability was examined in 20 males and the results compared with those of anal dilatation. An uninhibited contraction of the bladder was successfully suppressed by squeezing the glans penis in 17 out of 20 patients and by dilating the anal sphincter in 20. It is concluded that this mechanical stimulus, when given to the glans penis of a normal man suffering from bladder instability, suppresses the detrusor contraction during the contracting phase but does not affect bladder tonus during the noncontracting phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of L18-MDP(Ala), a synthetic derivative of muramyl dipeptide, on nonspecific resistance of mice to microbial infections.

By subcutaneous treatment with an aqueous solution of 6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine [6-O-CH3-(CH2)16-CO-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-isoGln] [referred to here as L18-MDP(Ala)], an augmentation of the resistance of mice to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans infections was observed, but not to infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes. Against E. coli infections, L18-MDP(Ala) was highly protective, irrespective of the administration route. Bacteremia occurring at an early phase of such infections was almost completely prevented by subcutaneous treatment 1 day before infection. Single or multiple doses were also effective against C. albicans infection. The phagocytosis of E. coli by mouse peritoneal polymorphonuclear cells was enhanced by treatment with the adjuvant, and the phagocytosis of K. pneumoniae was also enhanced, but only when the mice were treated either with rabbit normal serum or with a specific immune serum. The growth of the fungus in the kidneys was significantly inhibited, and growth was eliminated from the kidneys by treatment with the adjuvant once a day for 4 consecutive days, starting 1 day before infection. However, no growth suppression of L. monocytogenes in the livers or spleens of infected mice was observed when they were treated with a single dose of the adjuvant. This difference may be ascribed to the differences in the effector mechanisms of defense and to the different degree of augmentation of each defense mechanism by L18-MDP(Ala).

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1982

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation by a synthetic muramyl dipeptide analog.

N alpha-(N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon -stearoyl-L-lysine, a synthetic derivative of muramyl dipeptide, stimulated the chemotactic mobility, phagocytic activity, and superoxide anion (O2-) productivity of peritoneal polymorphonuclear cells in mice. The chemotactic mobility of both cells preincubated with the adjuvant in vitro and those derived from the mice previously treated with the adjuvant was significantly enhanced. The phagocytic activity of cells preincubated in vitro with the adjuvant was also enhanced transiently, and that of the cells derived from the mice treated subcutaneously with the adjuvant 24 h before intraperitoneal inoculation with Escherichia coli was significantly greater than that of cells from the mice given phosphate-buffered saline instead of the adjuvant. The release of O2- from the cells derived from the adjuvant-treated mice was also greater than that from the cells of untreated control mice. However, the exposure of the cells derived from untreated mice to the adjuvant in vitro did not stimulate O2- generation by the cells.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1982

Urinary retention caused by impaction of enlarged uterus.

2 cases of urinary retention were reported which was caused by retroverted gravid uterus and a large fibroid uterus, respectively. A chain cystourethrography and an endoscopic examination were the most informative to disclose the pathogenesis of urinary retention. Urodynamically, bladder compliance was normal without any pathological contraction. Urethral function was characterized by a shortened functional profile length.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Multiple inhibitory effects of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist on hCG-dependent steroidogenesis and on FSH-dependent responses in ovarian cells in vivo and in vitro.

[125I] labelled [D-Leu6, des-Gly-NH10(2)] LH-RH ethylamide (LH-RHa), when injected into immature female rats, bound specifically not only to the pituitary but also to the ovaries. LH-RHa inhibited hCG-stimulated progesterone production and ovarian weight augmentation in hypophysectomized immature female rats in vivo. FSH-induced ovarian hCG receptors and ovarian weight gain in diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated hypophysectomized immature female rats were also suppressed by LH-RHa. Progesterone production by rat luteal cells in vitro was inhibited by LH-RHa. LH-RHa did not change the affinity or population of LH/hCG receptor in porcine granulosa cells in short term incubation. However, LH-RHa inhibited induction of LH/hCG receptor stimulated by FSH and insulin in long term culture of porcine granulosa cells. LH-RHa delayed hCG-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in porcine granulosa cells. These findings suggest that LH-RHa inhibits hCG-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation and subsequent progesterone production as well as FSH-stimulated LH/hCG receptor induction by acting directly on ovarian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Plasma and pituitary hormone changes and follicular development after unilateral ovariectomy in cyclic rats.

After unilateral ovariectomy of 4-day-cyclic rats, plasma FSH increased over control values for 6--12 h after the surgery regardless of whether unilateral ovariectomy was performed before or after 08:00 h on the day of dioestrus, after which time compensatory ovulation did not occur at the next oestrus. Pituitary content of FSH also increased from 6 h after unilateral ovariectomy. In contrast, plasma and pituitary levels of LH and prolactin were generally within the range of values of sham-operated rats. Treatment with pentobarbitone between 13:00 and 14:00 h on the day of pro-oestrus in rats unilaterally ovariectomized after 08:00 h on dioestrus delayed the next spontaneous ovulation by 1 day and was accompanied by a rise in plasma FSH concentrations for 24 h and a doubling in the number of ovulations from the remaining ovary. Follicle counts showed an increase in large healthy follicles (greater than or equal to 501 micrometers diam.) and a decrease in atretic follicles in pentobarbitone-treated rats. It is suggested that the FSH rise induces compensatory follicular development and decreases follicular atresia when there is sufficient time for follicles to develop before the LH surge.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Long-term survivors with nonresectable advanced carcinoma of the rectum.

Two patients with advanced rectal cancer, women aged 73 and 49 years, have survived more than nine years with chemotherapy only and no surgical removal of the disease foci. In one patient, the tumor completely disappeared, and in the other the tumor stopped growing and its size remained unchanged. The reason for this long-term survival appears to be a high susceptibility to anticancer agents and persistence of enhanced host immunity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Delay of the selective surge of follicle-stimulating hormone by bovine follicular fluid during the period of ovulation induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin in dioestrous rats.

When bovine follicular fluid (BFF) was given i.p. three times at intervals of 3 h from 17.00 to 23.00 h to dioestrous rats pretreated with 10 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) at 17.00 h on the day of dioestrus (day 0), the selective surge of FSH at 02.00 h on day 1 was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Three i.p. injections of 0.5 ml BFF completely suppressed the FSH rise in plasma at 02.00 h on day 1, but the time of premature ovulation induced by HCG was not altered. In these animals treated with HCG and BFF, however, the selective surge of FSH occurred as a delayed surge from 05.00 to 23.00 h on day 1. After seven i.p. injections of 0.5 ml BFF (from 17.00 h on day 0 to 11.00 h on day 1) the delayed surge of FSH took place from 17.00 h on day 1 to 11.00 h on day 2, indicating that waning of BFF with a decrease in inhibin secretion by the ovaries may be responsible for the delay of the FSH surge. The next spontaneous ovulation in rats treated with HCG and BFF occurred on day 5, a delay of ovulation of 1 day compared with animals given HCG on day 0 with no BFF. Initiation of follicular maturation or selection of growing follicles for the succeeding oestrous cycle appeared to be retarded by the delay of the FSH surge in HCG- and BFF-treated animals. The pituitary content of FSH in animals given HCG and three i.p. injections of 0.5 ml BFF increased strikingly until 11.00 h on day 1, when the delayed FSH surge was already in progress. These results suggest that the ability of the pituitary gland to synthesize FSH is high during the period of ovulation.

Animals↗